Practical Machinery Safety (Practical Professional Books from Elsevier)

Cover......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 2
Other Titles......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
1. Introduction to the machinery safety workshop......Page 11
1.2 Machinery and controls......Page 12
1.3 Distinction between machinery and process safety control systems......Page 17
1.4 International standards and practices......Page 18
1.5 Introduction to hazards and risks......Page 20
1.6 Risk reduction......Page 21
1.7 The Alarp principle for tolerable risk......Page 22
1.8 Development example for a machinery safety system......Page 24
1.9 The engineering tasks......Page 29
1.10 Benefits of the systematic approach......Page 32
1.11 Conclusions......Page 33
2.1 Purpose and objectives......Page 34
2.2 History and overview of European Directives and Standards......Page 35
2.3 The European Machinery Directive......Page 43
2.4 Conformity procedures......Page 49
2.5 Other ‘New Approach Directives’......Page 54
2.6 User side directives: workplace health and safety legislation......Page 56
2.7 Some machinery safety standards......Page 59
2.8 Regulations and standards in the USA......Page 62
References......Page 65
3.2 Introduction to risk assessment......Page 66
3.3 Procedure for risk assessment......Page 67
3.4 Hazard study methods......Page 76
3.5 Risk estimation......Page 81
3.6 Risk reduction principles......Page 89
3.7 Outcomes of the risk assessment......Page 95
3.8 Documentation methods for the risk assessment......Page 100
References......Page 101
4.1 Introduction to design techniques......Page 102
4.2 Review of design standard EN 954-1......Page 103
4.3 Procedure for the design of safety controls based on EN 954......Page 104
4.4 Design considerations......Page 107
4.5 Safety categories......Page 114
4.6 Conclusions......Page 120
References......Page 121
5.2 Definitions and implications of stop functions......Page 122
5.3 Safety relay terminology......Page 124
5.4 How does an E-stop safety relay work?......Page 126
5.5 Practical safety relays......Page 127
5.7 Functional overview of monitoring relays......Page 135
5.8 Electronic and programmable E-stop monitors......Page 137
5.10 Review of other monitoring relay functions......Page 138
5.11 Conclusions......Page 140
References......Page 141
6.2 Purpose and objectives......Page 142
6.3 Review of guards......Page 148
6.4 Sensing devices for guards......Page 154
6.5 Mechanical trapped key interlocking......Page 162
6.6 Presence sensing devices......Page 164
6.7 Control devices for safety......Page 173
6.8 Safety networks and sensors......Page 176
6.9 Conclusions......Page 178
7.1 Introduction......Page 179
7.2 Choosing protection methods......Page 180
7.3 Guarding devices......Page 181
7.4 Point of operation devices......Page 183
7.5 Application guidance notes for light curtains......Page 190
7.6 Conclusions......Page 198
8.1 Introduction......Page 200
8.2 Benefits and disadvantages of safety PLCs......Page 205
8.3 Characteristics of safety PLCs......Page 211
8.4 Application software......Page 224
8.5 Safe networking......Page 225
8.6 Classification and certification of safety PLCs......Page 228
References......Page 229
9.2 Objectives......Page 230
9.3 Outline of IEC 61508......Page 231
9.4 Concept of SILs......Page 236
9.5 How can we determine the required SIL for a safety function?......Page 238
9.6 Some implications of IEC 61508 for machinery systems......Page 240
9.8 Conclusion......Page 242
References......Page 243
Appendix: Notes on the method for the determination of SILs for a machinery safety application......Page 244
Appendix A: References and sources of information on machinery safety......Page 250
Appendix B: Glossary......Page 253
Appendix C: Notes on tolerable risk......Page 258
Appendix D: Notes on PUWER......Page 262
E.1 Functions of the gates......Page 267
E.2 Event symbols......Page 268
E.3 Adding risk reduction measures in FTA......Page 269
Exercise 1: Calculating risk parameters......Page 272
Exercise 2: Developing safety requirements......Page 273
Exercise 3: Risk assessment and risk reduction......Page 274
Exercise 4: Application of fault tree analysis......Page 276
Exercise 5: Outline design of a safety system......Page 278
Exercise 6: Calculating safety distance for a light curtain application......Page 279
Exercise 1......Page 280
Exercise 2......Page 282
Exercise 3......Page 284
Exercise 4......Page 287
Exercise 5......Page 289
Exercise 6......Page 291
Index......Page 293