Power Piping: ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31

CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ASME B31 COMMITTEE ROSTER
INTRODUCTION
ASME B31.1-2018 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Figures and Tables Redesignated in ASME B31.1–2018
Chapter I  Scope and Definitions
	100 GENERAL
		100.1 Scope
		100.2 Definitions
Chapter II Design
	101 DESIGN CONDITIONS
		101.1 General
		101.2 Pressure
		101.3 Temperature
		101.4 Ambient Influences
		101.5 Dynamic Effects
		101.6 Weight Effects
		101.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Loads
	102 DESIGN CRITERIA
		102.1 General
		102.2 Pressure–Temperature Ratings for Piping Components
		102.3 Allowable Stress Values and Other Stress Limits for Piping Components
		102.4 Allowances
	103 CRITERIA FOR PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
	104 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
		104.1 Straight Pipe
		104.2 Curved Segments of Pipe
		104.3 Intersections
		104.4 Closures
		104.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks
		104.6 Reducers
		104.7 Other Pressure-Containing Components
		104.8 Analysis of Piping Components
	105 PIPE
		105.1 General
		105.2 Metallic Pipe
		105.3 Nonmetallic Pipe
	106 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND INTERSECTIONS
		106.1 Fittings
		106.2 Bends and Intersections
		106.3 Pipe Couplings and Unions
		106.4 Flexible Metal Hose Assembly
	107 VALVES
		107.1 General
		107.2 Marking
		107.3 Ends
		107.4 Stem Threads
		107.5 Bonnet Joints
		107.6 Bypasses
		107.8 Pressure-Relieving Valves and Devices
	108 PIPE FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, GASKETS, AND BOLTING
		108.1 Flanges
		108.2 Blanks
		108.3 Flange Facings
		108.4 Gaskets
		108.5 U.S. Customary Bolting
		108.6 Metric Bolting
	110 PIPING JOINTS
	111 WELDED JOINTS
		111.1 General
		111.2 Butt Welds
		111.3 Socket Welds
		111.4 Fillet Welds
		111.5 Seal Welds
	112 FLANGED JOINTS
	113 EXPANDED OR ROLLED JOINTS
	114 THREADED JOINTS
		114.1 Threads on Piping Components
		114.2 Threaded Joints, Access Holes With Plugs
		114.3 Threaded Pipe Wall
	115 FLARED, FLARELESS, AND COMPRESSION JOINTS, AND UNIONS
		115.1 Compatibility
		115.2 Pressure–Temperature Ratings
		115.3 Threads
		115.4 Fitting and Gripping
	116 BELL END JOINTS
		116.1 Elastomeric-Gasket Joints
		116.2 Caulked Joints
	117 BRAZED AND SOLDERED JOINTS
		117.1 Brazed Joints
		117.2 Soldered Joints
		117.3 Limitations
	118 SLEEVE COUPLED AND OTHER PROPRIETARY JOINTS
	119 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
		119.1 General
		119.2 Displacement Stress Range
		119.3 Local Overstrain
		119.5 Flexibility
		119.6 Piping Properties
		119.7 Flexibility Analysis
		119.8 Movements
		119.9 Cold Spring
		119.10 Reactions
	120 LOADS ON PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
		120.1 General
		120.2 Supports, Anchors, and Guides
	121 DESIGN OF PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
		121.1 General
		121.2 Allowable Stress Values
		121.3 Temperature Limitations
		121.4 Hanger Adjustments
		121.5 Hanger Spacing
		121.6 Springs
		121.7 Fixtures
		121.8 Structural Attachments
		121.9 Loads and Supporting Structures
		121.10 Requirements for Fabricating Pipe Supports
	122 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
		122.1 Boiler External Piping; in Accordance With Para. 100.1.2(a) — Steam, Feedwater, Blowoff, and Drain Piping
		122.2 Blowoff and Blowdown Piping in Nonboiler External Piping
		122.3 Instrument, Control, and Sampling Piping
		122.4 Spray-Type Desuperheater Piping for Use on Steam Generators, Main Steam, and Reheat Steam Piping
		122.5 Pressure-Reducing Valves
		122.6 Pressure Relief Piping
		122.7 Piping for Flammable or Combustible Liquids
		122.8 Piping for Flammable Gases, Toxic Fluids (Gases or Liquids), or Nonflammable Nontoxic Gases
		122.9 Piping for Corrosive Liquids and Gases
		122.10 Temporary Piping Systems
		122.11 Steam Trap Piping
		122.12 Exhaust and Pump Suction Piping
		122.13 Pump Discharge Piping
		122.14 District Heating and Steam Distribution Systems
Chapter III Materials
	123 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
		123.1 Materials and Specifications
		123.2 Piping Components
		123.3 Pipe-Supporting Elements
		123.4 Longitudinal-Welded or Spiral-Welded Pipe With Filler Metal Added
	124 LIMITATIONS ON MATERIALS
		124.1 Temperature Limitations
		124.2 Steel
		124.4 Cast Gray Iron
		124.5 Malleable Iron
		124.6 Ductile (Nodular) Iron
		124.7 Nonferrous Metals
		124.8 Cladding and Lining Materials
		124.9 Nonmetallic Pipe
		124.10 Deterioration of Materials in Service
		124.11 Gaskets
		124.12 Bolting
	125 CREEP STRENGTH ENHANCED FERRITIC MATERIALS
		125.1 Requirements for ASTM A217, Grade C12A and ASTM A1091, Grade C91 Castings
Chapter IV Dimensional Requirements
	126 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR STANDARD AND NONSTANDARD PIPING COMPONENTS
		126.1 Standard Piping Components
		126.2 Nonstandard Piping Components
		126.3 Referenced Documents
Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
	127 WELDING
		127.1 General
		127.2 Material
		127.3 Preparation for Welding
		127.4 Procedure
		127.5 Qualification
		127.6 Welding Records
	128 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
		128.1 General
		128.2 Materials
		128.3 Preparation
		128.4 Procedure
		128.5 Brazing Qualification
		128.6 Brazing Records
	129 BENDING AND FORMING
		129.1 Bending
		129.2 Forming
		129.3 Heat Treatment of Bends and Formed Components
	130 REQUIREMENTS FOR FABRICATING AND ATTACHING PIPE SUPPORTS
		130.1 Pipe Supports
		130.2 Alternate Pipe Supports
		130.3 Pipe Support Welds
	131 WELDING PREHEAT
		131.1 Minimum Preheat Requirements
		131.2 Different P-Number Materials
		131.3 Preheat Temperature Verification
		131.4 Preheat Temperature
		131.6 Interruption of Welding
	132 POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT
		132.1 Minimum PWHT Requirements
		132.2 Mandatory PWHT Requirements
		132.3 Exemptions to Mandatory PWHT Requirements
		132.4 Definition of Thicknesses Controlling PWHT
		132.5 PWHT Heating and Cooling Requirements
		132.6 Furnace Heating
		132.7 Local Heating
	133 STAMPING
	135 ASSEMBLY
		135.1 General
		135.2 Alignment
		135.3 Bolted Flanged Connections
		135.4 Packed Joints and Caulked Joints
		135.5 Threaded Piping
		135.6 Tubing Joints
		135.7 Ductile Iron Bell End Piping
Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing
	136 INSPECTION AND EXAMINATION
		136.1 Inspection
		136.2 Inspection and Qualification of Authorized Inspector for Boiler External Piping
		136.3 Examination
		136.4 Examination Methods of Welds
	137 PRESSURE TESTS
		137.1 General Requirements
		137.2 Preparation for Testing
		137.3 Requirements for Specific Piping Systems
		137.4 Hydrostatic Testing
		137.5 Pneumatic Testing
		137.6 Mass-Spectrometer and Halide Testing
		137.7 Initial Service Testing
		137.8 Retesting After Repair or Additions
Chapter VII Operation and Maintenance
	138 GENERAL
	139 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES
	140 CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF CPS
	141 CPS RECORDS
		141.1 General
		141.2 Materials
		141.3 Installation, Modification, and Repair Records
		141.4 Failure Analysis
		141.5 Restoration After Failure
	142 PIPING AND PIPE-SUPPORT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
		142.1 Maintenance Program
		142.2 Personnel
	144 CPS WALKDOWNS
	145 MATERIAL DEGRADATION MECHANISMS
	146 DYNAMIC LOADING
Figures
	Figure 100.1.2-1 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping—An Example of Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam or Waterline
	Figure 100.1.2-2 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — An Example of Steam Separator Type Forced Flow Steam Generators With No Fixed Steam or Waterline
	Figure 100.1.2-3 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Drum-Type Boilers
	Figure 100.1.2-4 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Isolable Economizers Located in Feedwater Piping and Isolable Superheaters in Main Steam Piping (Boiler Pressure Relief Valves, Blowoff, and Miscellaneous Piping for Boiler Proper Not Shown for Clarity)
	Figure 100.1.2-5 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Reheaters and Nonintegral Separately Fired Superheaters
	Figure 100.1.2-6 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — Spray-Type Desuperheater
	Figure 100.1.2-7 Code Jurisdictional Limits for Piping — HRSG — Desuperheater Protection Devices
	Figure 102.4.5-1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends
	Figure 104.3.1-1 Reinforcement of Branch Connections
	Figure 104.3.1-2 Reinforced Extruded Outlets
	Figure 104.5.3-1 Types of Permanent Blanks
	Figure 104.8.4-1 Cross Section Resultant Moment Loading
	Figure 122.1.7-1 Typical Globe Valves
	Figure 122.4-1 Desuperheater Schematic Arrangement
	Figure 127.3-1 Butt Welding of Piping Components With Internal Misalignment
	Figure 127.4.2-1 Welding End Transition — Maximum Envelope
	Figure 127.4.4-1 Fillet Weld Size
	Figure 127.4.4-2 Welding Details for Slip-On and Socket-Welding Flanges; Some Acceptable Types of Flange Attachment Welds
	Figure 127.4.4-3 Minimum Welding Dimensions Required for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges
	Figure 127.4.8-1 Typical Welded Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
	Figure 127.4.8-2 Typical Welded Branch Connection With Additional Reinforcement
	Figure 127.4.8-3 Typical Welded Angular Branch Connection Without Additional Reinforcement
	Figure 127.4.8-4 Some Acceptable Types of Welded Branch Attachment Details Showing Minimum Acceptable Welds
	Figure 127.4.8-5 Some Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Outlet Fittings
	Figure 127.4.8-6 Typical Full Penetration Weld Branch Connections for NPS 3 (DN 80) and Smaller Half Couplings or Adapters
	Figure 127.4.8-7 Typical Partial Penetration Weld Branch Connection for NPS 2 (DN 50) and Smaller Fittings
	Figure 135.5.3-1 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads
	Figure D-1 Branch Connection Dimensions
	Figure D-2 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, I
	Figure D-3 Correction Factor, c
	Figure N-100.2.1-1 Winding Angle of Filament-Wound Thermosetting Resin Pipe
	Figure N-102.3.1-1 Typical Allowable Stress Curve for Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
	Figure N-127.7.1-1 Solvent-Cemented Joint
	Figure N-127.7.2-1 Heat Fusion Joints
	Figure N-127.7.3-1 Thermoplastic Electrofusion Joints
	Figure N-127.8.1-1 Thermosetting Resin Joints
	Figure O-8-1 Surface and Subsurface Indications
	Figure II-1.2-1 Safety Valve Installation (Closed Discharge System)
	Figure II-1.2-2 Safety Valve Installation (Open Discharge System)
	Figure II-2.2.1-1 Discharge Elbow (Open Discharge Installation)
	Figure II-2.2.1-2 Compressible Flow Analysis
	Figure II-2.2.1-3 Vent Pipe (Open Discharge Installation)
	Figure II-3.5.1.3-1 Safety Valve Installation (Open Discharge System)
	Figure II-3.5.1.3-2 Dynamic Load Factors for Open Discharge System
	Figure II-6-1 Examples of Safety Valve Installations
	Figure II-7-1 Sample Problem Figure 1
	Figure II-7-2 Sample Problem Figure 2
	Figure II-7.1.9-1 Sample Problem Figure 3
	Figure V-12.1.2-1 Effect of Various Steady Operating Temperatures on Time to Failure Due to Creep
	Figure VII-3.3.2-1 Element Category A, Elbow or Bend
	Figure VII-3.3.2-2 Element Category B, Branch Pipe Joining the P Leg
	Figure VII-3.3.2-3 Element Category C, Tee on End of P Leg
	Figure VII-3.3.2-4 Element Category D, Straight Pipe
	Figure VII-5-1 Plan of Example Buried Pipe
	Figure VII-6.4.4-1 Computer Model of Example Pipe
	Figure VII-6.6-1 Example Plan of Element 1 as a Category D Element
Tables
	Table 102.4.3-1 Longitudinal Weld Joint Efficiency Factors
	Table 102.4.5-1 Bend Thinning Allowance
	Table 102.4.6-1 Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness 41⁄2 in. (114 mm) or Less
	Table 102.4.6-2 Maximum Severity Level for Casting Thickness Greater Than 41⁄2 in. (114 mm)
	Table 102.4.7-1 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to Be Applied When Calculating the Minimum Wall Thickness or Allowable Design Pressure of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Fusion Weld
	Table 104.1.2-1 Values of y
	Table 112-1 Piping Flange Bolting, Facing, and Gasket Requirements (Refer to Paras. 108, 110, and 112)
	Table 114.2.1-1 Threaded Joints Limitations
	Table 121.5-1 Suggested Steel Pipe Support Spacing
	Table 121.7.2-1 Carrying Capacity of Threaded ASTM A36, A575, and A576 Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel
	Table 122.2-1 Design Pressure for Blowoff/Blowdown Piping Downstream of BEP Valves
	Table 122.8.2-1 Minimum Wall Thickness Requirements for Toxic Fluid Piping
	Table 126.1-1 Specifications and Standards
	Table 127.4.2-1 Reinforcement of Girth and Longitudinal Butt Welds
	Table 129.3.1-1 Approximate Lower Critical Temperatures
	Table 129.3.3.1-1 Post Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels
	Table 129.3.4.1-1 Post Cold-Forming Strain Limits and Heat-Treatment Requirements for Austenitic Materials and Nickel Alloys
	Table 131.4.1-1 Preheat Temperatures
	Table 132.1.1-1 Postweld Heat Treatment
	Table 132.1.1-2 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, P-Nos. 1 and 3
	Table 132.1.3-1 Postweld Heat Treatment of P36/F36
	Table 132.2-1 Exemptions to Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment
	Table 136.4.1-1 Mandatory Minimum Nondestructive Examinations for Pressure Welds or Welds to Pressure-Retaining Components
	Table 136.4.1-2 Weld Imperfections Indicated by Various Types of Examination
	Table A-1 Carbon Steel
	Table A-2 Low and Intermediate Alloy Steel
	Table A-3 Stainless Steels
	Table A-4 Nickel and High Nickel Alloys
	Table A-5 Cast Iron
	Table A-6 Copper and Copper Alloys
	Table A-7 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys
	Table A-8 Temperatures 1,200°F and Above
	Table A-9 Titanium and Titanium Alloys
	Table A-10 Bolts, Nuts, and Studs
	Table B-1 Thermal Expansion Data
	Table B-1 (SI) Thermal Expansion Data
	Table C-1 Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material
	Table C-1 (SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Ferrous Material
	Table C-2 Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material
	Table C-2 (SI) Moduli of Elasticity for Nonferrous Material
	Table D-1 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors
	Table N-102.2.1-1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Piping Components
	Table N-102.2.1-2 Design Stresses (DS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Laminated Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping Components
	Table N-102.2.1-3 Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB) for Machine-Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
	Table N-119.6.1-1 Thermal Expansion Coefficients, Nonmetals
	Table N-119.6.2-1 Modulus of Elasticity, Nonmetals
	Table N-126.1-1 Nonmetallic Material and Product Standards
	Table N-136.4.1-1 Acceptance Criteria for Bonds
	Table O-9-1 Discontinuity Acceptance Criteria for Weld Thickness Under 1.0 in. (25 mm)
	Table O-9-2 Surface Discontinuity Acceptance Criteria for Weld Thickness 1.0 in. (25 mm) and Over
	Table O-9-3 Subsurface Discontinuity Acceptance Criteria for Weld Thickness 1.0 in. (25 mm) and Over
	Table II-2.2.1-1 Values of a and b
	Table IV-5.2-1 Erosion/Corrosion Rates
	Table VII-3.2.3-1 Approximate Safe Working Values of CD for Use in Modified Marston Formula
	Table VII-6.3-1 Equations for Calculating Effective Length L′ or L″
	Table VIII-1 Low-Temperature Service Requirements by Material Group
	Table VIII-2 Material Groupings by Material Specification
Forms
	Form V-7.5-1 Piping System Support Design Details
	Form V-7.5-2 Hot Walkdown of Piping System Supports
	Form V-7.5-3 Cold Walkdown of Piping System Supports
MANDATORY APPENDICES
	MANDATORY APPENDIX A ALLOWABLE STRESS TABLES
	MANDATORY APPENDIX B THERMAL EXPANSION DATA
	MANDATORY APPENDIX C MODULI OF ELASTICITY
	MANDATORY APPENDIX D FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
	MANDATORY APPENDIX F REFERENCED STANDARDS
	MANDATORY APPENDIX G NOMENCLATURE
	MANDATORY APPENDIX H PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES
		H-1 INTRODUCTION
		H-2 REQUIREMENTS
		H-3 SUBMITTAL
	MANDATORY APPENDIX N RULES FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING AND PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
		FOREWORD
		Chapter N-I Scope and Definitions
			N-100 GENERAL
				N-100.1 Scope
				N-100.2 Definitions and Abbreviations
		Chapter N-II Design
			N-101 DESIGN CONDITIONS
				N-101.1 General
				N-101.2 Pressure
				N-101.3 Temperature
			N-102 DESIGN CRITERIA
				N-102.1 General
				N-102.2 Pressure–Temperature Ratings for Components
				N-102.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Limits
				N-102.4 Allowances
			N-103 CRITERIA FOR PRESSURE DESIGN
			N-104 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
				N-104.1 Straight Pipe
				N-104.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe
				N-104.3 Intersections
				N-104.4 Closures
				N-104.5 Pressure Design of Flanges
				N-104.6 Reducers
				N-104.7 Design of Other Components
			N-105 PIPE
			N-106 FITTINGS
				N-106.1 Listed Fittings
				N-106.2 Unlisted Fittings
			N-107 VALVES
				N-107.1 Listed Valves
				N-107.2 Unlisted Valves
			N-110 GENERAL
			N-111 BONDED JOINTS
				N-111.1 General Limitations
				N-111.2 Specific Limitations
			N-112 FLANGED JOINTS
			N-113 EXPANDED OR ROLLED JOINTS
			N-114 THREADED JOINTS
				N-114.1 General Limitations
				N-114.2 Specific Limitations
			N-115 FLARED LINING JOINTS FOR METALLIC PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
			N-116 BELL END JOINTS
			N-118 PROPRIETARY JOINTS
			N-119 EXPANSION AND FLEXIBILITY
				N-119.1 General Concepts
				N-119.5 Flexibility
					N-119.5.1
					N-119.5.2
					N-119.5.3
				N-119.6 Properties for Flexibility Analysis
					N-119.6.1 Thermal Expansion Data.
					N-119.6.2 Modulus of Elasticity.
					N-119.6.3 Poisson\'s Ratio.
					N-119.6.4 Dimensions.
					N-119.6.5 Metallic Pipe Lined With Nonmetals.
				N-119.7 Analysis
					N-119.7.1
					N-119.7.2
					N-119.7.3
			N-120 LOADS ON PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
			N-121 DESIGN OF PIPE-SUPPORTING ELEMENTS
				N-121.1 General
				N-121.11 Thermoplastic and RTR Piping
				N-121.12 Burial of Thermoplastic and RTR Pipe
			N-122 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS PERTAINING TO SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
				N-122.7 Piping for Flammable or Combustible Liquids
				N-122.8 Piping for Flammable Gases, Toxic Gases or Liquids, or Nonflammable Nontoxic Gases
				N-122.9 Piping for Corrosive Liquids and Gases
		Chapter N-III Materials
			N-123 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
				N-123.1 Materials and Specifications
			N-124 LIMITATIONS ON MATERIALS
				N-124.1 Temperature Limitations
				N-124.9 Installation Limitations for Nonmetallic Piping
			N-125 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS: JOINING AND AUXILIARY MATERIALS
		Chapter N-IV Specifications and Standard Data
			N-126 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS
				N-126.1 Standard Piping Components
				N-126.2 Nonstandard Piping Components
				N-126.3 Reference Documents
		Chapter N-V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
			N-127 BONDING PLASTIC JOINTS
				N-127.1 General
				N-127.5 Qualification
				N-127.6 Qualification Records
				N-127.7 Thermoplastic Pipe Joints
				N-127.8 FRP Pipe Joints
				N-127.9 Welding of Metallic Piping Lined With Nonmetals
			N-129 BENDING AND FORMING
				N-129.1 Bending
				N-129.2 Component Forming
			N-135 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
				N-135.1 General
				N-135.3 Bolted Flanged Connections
		Chapter N-VI Examination, Inspection, and Testing
			N-136 GENERAL
				N-136.1 Inspection
				N-136.3 Examination
				N-136.4 Examination Methods
			N-137 PRESSURE TESTS
	MANDATORY APPENDIX O USE OF ALTERNATIVE ULTRASONIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
		O-1 GENERAL
		O-2 SCOPE
		O-3 EQUIPMENT
		O-4 PERSONNEL
		O-5 EXAMINATION
		O-6 DATA RECORDING
		O-7 DATA ANALYSIS
		O-8 DISCONTINUITY EVALUATION
		O-9 DISCONTINUITY ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
	MANDATORY APPENDIX P METALLIC BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS
		P-1 GENERAL
		P-2 PIPING DESIGNER RESPONSIBILITIES
			P-2.1 Expansion Joint Design Conditions
			P-2.2 Piping Design Requirements
		P-3 EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITIES
			P-3.1 Expansion Joint Design
			P-3.2 Expansion-Joint Manufacture
NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX II RULES FOR THE DESIGN OF SAFETY VALVE INSTALLATIONS
		FOREWORD
		II-1 SCOPE AND DEFINITION
			II-1.1 Scope
			II-1.2 Definitions (Valve Descriptions Follow the Definitions Given in ASME BPVC, Section I)
		II-2 LOADS
			II-2.1 Thermal Expansion
			II-2.2 Pressure
			II-2.3 Reaction Forces From Valve Discharge
			II-2.4 Other Mechanical Loads
		II-3 BENDING MOMENT COMPUTATIONS
			II-3.1 General
			II-3.2 Thermal Expansion Analysis
			II-3.3 Deadweight Analysis
			II-3.4 Earthquake Analysis
			II-3.5 Analysis for Reaction Forces Due to Valve Discharge
		II-4 LOADING CRITERIA AND STRESS COMPUTATION
			II-4.1 Loading Criteria
			II-4.2 Stress Calculations
		II-5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
			II-5.1 General
			II-5.2 Geometry
			II-5.3 Types of Valves and Installations
			II-5.4 Installation Branch Connections
			II-5.5 Water in Installation Piping
			II-5.6 Discharge Stacks
			II-5.7 Support Design
			II-5.8 Silencer Installation
		II-6 SAMPLE DESIGNS
		II-7 SAMPLE PROBLEM (SEE FIGURE II-7-1 AND FIGURE II-7-2)
			II-7.1 Procedure
	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX IV CORROSION CONTROL FOR ASME B31.1 POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
		FOREWORD
		IV-1 GENERAL
			IV-1.1 Recommended Guidance
			IV-1.2 Protection of All Piping Systems
		IV-2 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR BURIED OR SUBMERGED PIPELINES
			IV-2.1 General
			IV-2.2 Protective Coating
			IV-2.3 Cathodic Protection System
			IV-2.4 Electrical Isolation
			IV-2.5 Electrical Interference
		IV-3 INTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL
			IV-3.1 General
			IV-3.2 Inhibitors
			IV-3.3 Linings
			IV-3.4 Precautions at Hydrotesting
		IV-4 EXTERNAL CORROSION CONTROL FOR PIPING EXPOSED TO THE ATMOSPHERE
		IV-5 MONITORING OF PIPE WALL THINNING DUE TO EROSION/CORROSION
			IV-5.1 Definition
			IV-5.2 Systems and Components Susceptible to Erosion/Corrosion
			IV-5.3 Methods of Detection
			IV-5.4 Acceptance Standards
			IV-5.5 Repair/Replacement Procedures
			IV-5.6 References
	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX V RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION OF POWER PIPING SYSTEMS
		FOREWORD
		V-1 DEFINITIONS
		V-2 GENERAL
			V-2.1 Application
			V-2.2 Conformance
			V-2.3 Requirements
		V-3 OPERATING AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
			V-3.1 General
			V-3.2 Documentation
		V-4 REQUIREMENTS OF THE OPERATING, MAINTENANCE, AND MODIFICATION PROCEDURES
		V-5 PIPING AND PIPE SUPPORT MAINTENANCE PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
			V-5.1 Maintenance Program
			V-5.2 Personnel
		V-6 MATERIAL RESTORATION
			V-6.1 Material Condition After Failure
			V-6.2 Inspection Program for Materials With Adverse History
			V-6.3 Nondestructive Examination
		V-7 CPS POSITION HISTORY
			V-7.1 General
			V-7.2 Visual Survey
			V-7.3 Piping Position Markers
			V-7.4 Pipe Supports on CPS
			V-7.5 CPS Records
			V-7.6 Recommendations
		V-8 PIPING CORROSION
			V-8.1 General
			V-8.2 Procedures
			V-8.3 Records
			V-8.4 Examination of Records
			V-8.5 Frequency of Examination
		V-9 PIPING ADDITION TO EXISTING PLANTS
			V-9.1 Piping Classification
			V-9.2 Duplicate Components
			V-9.3 Replacement Piping and Piping Components
		V-10 PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICES
			V-10.1 General
			V-10.2 Inspection, Testing, and Adjustment
			V-10.3 Operation
		V-11 DYNAMIC LOADING
			V-11.1 Water Hammer
			V-11.2 Steam Hammer
		V-12 CREEP
			V-12.1 General
			V-12.2 Procedures
			V-12.3 Records
			V-12.4 Examination of Records
			V-12.5 Frequency of Examination
		V-13 RERATING PIPING SYSTEMS
			V-13.1 Conditions
		V-14 REPAIR OF PIPING SYSTEMS
			V-14.1 Guidance for Repairs
	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX VII PROCEDURES FOR THE DESIGN OF RESTRAINED UNDERGROUND PIPING
		FOREWORD
		VII-1 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS
			VII-1.1 Scope
			VII-1.2 Definitions
			VII-1.3 Nomenclature
		VII-2 LOADS
			VII-2.1 Thermal Expansion
			VII-2.2 Pressure
			VII-2.3 Earthquake
		VII-3 CALCULATIONS
			VII-3.1 Assembling the Data
			VII-3.2 Calculations of Intermediate Parameters
			VII-3.3 Classification of the Pipe Runs
		VII-4 COMPUTER MODELING OF BURIED PIPING
			VII-4.1 Determination of Stresses
			VII-4.2 Determination of Element Lengths
			VII-4.3 Determination of Soil Parameters
			VII-4.4 Pipe With Expansion Joints
			VII-4.5 Pipe Stresses at Building Penetrations
		VII-5 ALLOWABLE STRESS IN BURIED PIPE
		VII-6 EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
			VII-6.1 Assemble the Data
			VII-6.2 Calculate the Intermediate Parameters
			VII-6.3 Classification of Runs
			VII-6.4 Computer Modeling
			VII-6.5 Results of Analysis
			VII-6.6 Anchor Load Example
		VII-7 REFERENCES
	NONMANDATORY APPENDIX VIII GUIDELINES FOR DETERMINING IF LOW-TEMPERATURE SERVICE REQUIREMENTS APPLY