Power Electronics in Energy Conversion Systems

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
	1.1 Solid-State Switching Devices
		1.1.1 Basics of Semiconductor Physics
		1.1.2 Diodes
		1.1.3 Transistors
	1.2 Basics of Photovoltaic Energy Systems
	1.3 Basics of Wind Energy Systems
	1.4 Basics of Motor-Drives
	1.5 Basics of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles
	1.6 Problems
2 Fundamental Concepts in Electric Circuits
	2.1 Single-Phase Electric Circuits
		2.1.1 Phasor Quantities for Linear Circuits
		2.1.2 Laplace Transformation for Linear Circuits
		2.1.3 Dynamic Response of Second-Order Systems
	2.2 Solid-State Switching Circuits
		2.2.1 Loss Calculation in Switching Circuits
		2.2.2 Volt-Sec-Balance and Amp-Sec-Balance Principles in Switching Circuits
		2.2.3 Harmonic Distortion in Electric Circuits
		2.2.4 Power Factor in Non-Sinusoidal Circuits
	2.3 Three-Phase Circuits
		2.3.1 Symmetrical Components of Asymmetrical Three-Phase Systems
		2.3.2 Space Vector of Three-Phase Systems
		2.3.3 dq0 Transformation of Three-Phase Systems
	2.4 Instantaneous and Average Power
		2.4.1 Power in Single-Phase Circuits
		2.4.2 Reactive Power in Single-Phase Circuits
		2.4.3 Power Calculation in Three-Phase Systems
		2.4.4 Active and Reactive Power in Space Vector and dq0 Frame
	2.5 Problems
3 Fundamental Concepts in Magnetic Circuits
	3.1 Ampere’s Law
	3.2 Magnetic Material Permeability
	3.3 Reluctance and Magnetic Circuit
	3.4 Faraday’s Law
	3.5 Self and Mutual Inductance
	3.6 Effect of Current on Inductance
	3.7 Magnetic Field Energy
	3.8 Loss in Magnetic Cores Due to AC Excitation
		3.8.1 Hysteresis Loss
		3.8.2 Eddy Current Loss
	3.9 Circuit Model of Nonideal Coils
	3.10 Transformers
		3.10.1 Single-Phase Isolated Transformer
		3.10.2 Single-Phase Autotransformer
	3.11 Problems
4 Principles of Electromechanical Systems
	4.1 Developed Force and Torque in Electromechanical Systems
		4.1.1 Energy Balance and Force Formulation
		4.1.2 Energy Balance and Torque Formulation
	4.2 Three-Phase Rotating AC Machines
		4.2.1 Rotating Magnetic Field
		4.2.2 Stator Windings and Inductances in Three-Phase AC Machines
		4.2.3 The Circuit Model of Three-Phase Induction (Asynchronous) Machines
		4.2.4 Induction Machine Model Determination Through Laboratory Tests
		4.2.5 The Circuit Model of Three-Phase Synchronous Machines
		4.2.6 Synchronous Machine Model Determination Through Laboratory Tests
		4.2.7 Rotor Circuit in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
		4.2.8 Surfaces-Mounted PM Synchronous Machine
		4.2.9 Interior PM Synchronous Machines
	4.3 Basics of Switched Reluctance Motors
		4.3.1 Torque Development in SRMs
		4.3.2 Voltage Control for Current Regulation
	4.4 Problems
5 Steady-State Analysis of DC-DC Converters
	5.1 Basic Gate-Drive Circuit
	5.2 Buck Converter
		5.2.1 Buck Converter in Continuous Conduction Mode
		5.2.2 Buck Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode
	5.3 Boost Converter
		5.3.1 Boost Converter in Continuous Conduction Mode
		5.3.2 Boost Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode
	5.4 Buck-Boost Converter
		5.4.1 Buck-Boost Converter in Continuous Conduction Mode
		5.4.2 Buck-Boost Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode
	5.5 Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC)
	5.6 Isolated Buck-Boost (Flyback) Converter
		5.6.1 Isolated Buck-Boost (Flyback) Converter in Continuous Conduction Mode
		5.6.2 Isolated Buck-Boost (Flyback) Converter in Discontinuous Conduction Mode
	5.7 Forward Converter
	5.8 Bidirectional Half- and Full-Bridge DC-DC Converters
	5.9 Problems
6 Dynamics of DC-DC Converters
	6.1 Dynamics of Buck Converter
	6.2 Dynamics of Boost Converter
	6.3 Dynamics of Buck-Boost Converter
	6.4 Dynamics of SEPIC
	6.5 Problems
7 Steady-State Analysis of Inverters
	7.1 Single-Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter
	7.2 Three-Phase Two-Level Voltage Source Inverter
	7.3 Six-Step Switching Pattern
	7.4 Space-Vector Pulse-Width Modulation (SVPWM)
	7.5 Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM)
		7.5.1 DC-Bus Utilization in SVPWM and SPWM
		7.5.2 Common Mode Voltage in SPWM and SVPWM
	7.6 Selective Harmonic Elimination Pulse-Width Modulation (SHE-PWM)
	7.7 Hysteresis Pulse-Width Modulation (HPWM)
	7.8 Multilevel Inverters
		7.8.1 CHB Multilevel Inverter
		7.8.2 SPWM Techniques for CHB Multilevel Inverter
		7.8.3 Asymmetrical Three-Phase CHB Multilevel Inverter
		7.8.4 Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter
	7.9 Problems
8 Steady-State Analysis and Control of Rectifiers
	8.1 Single-Phase Diode Rectifier
	8.2 Single-Phase Two-Stage Boost PFC Rectifier
	8.3 Single-Phase PWM Rectifier
	8.4 Three-Phase Diode Rectifier
	8.5 Filters for Three-Phase Diode Rectifier
	8.6 Three-Phase PWM Rectifier
	8.7 Problems
9 Control and Dynamics of Grid-Interactive Inverters
	9.1 Steady-State Operation of Grid-Following Inverters
	9.2 Grid-Interactive Inverters and PQ Controller
	9.3 Grid-Interactive Inverters and Voltage Support
	9.4 Grid-Interactive Inverters and DC-Bus Voltage Regulation
		9.4.1 Maximum Power Point Tracking in Solar Systems
		9.4.2 DC-Bus Voltage Controller
	9.5 Stability of Grid-Interactive Inverters
	9.6 Phase Detection and Inverter Synchronization
		9.6.1 A Basic PLL Control Scheme for Three-Phase Systems
		9.6.2 Direct Phase Detection for Three-Phase Systems
	9.7 Grid-Interactive Inverters and Negative-Sequence and Harmonic Compensations
	9.8 Single-Phase Inverters in Solar Energy Conversion Systems
	9.9 Islanding Detection Feature for Grid-Interactive Inverters
		9.9.1 Grid Impedance and Voltage Detection
	9.10 Grid-Forming and Paralleling Inverters
		9.10.1 Droop Control for Grid-Forming Inverters
		9.10.2 Centralized Control Technique for Grid-Forming Inverters
	9.11 Problems
10 Dynamics of AC Machines
	10.1 Dynamics of Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor
		10.1.1 Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor Model in dq0 Reference Frame
		10.1.2 Block Diagram Representation of Induction Motor in dq Frame
		10.1.3 Induction Motor Torque Expression in dq Frame
	10.2 Dynamics of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators
		10.2.1 DFIG Model in dq0 Reference Frame
		10.2.2 Block Diagram Representation of DFIG Model
		10.2.3 Electrical Torque of DFIG in dq Frame
	10.3 Dynamics of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines
		10.3.1 PM Machine Model in abc Reference Frame
		10.3.2 PM Machine Model in dq Reference Frame
		10.3.3 Block Diagram Representation of PM Machine Dynamic Model
		10.3.4 Block Diagram Representation of IPM Motor Dynamic Model
	10.4 Problems
11 Control of Inverters in Motor-Drive Systems
	11.1 Induction Motor Scalar Control
	11.2 Vector Control of AC Motors
	11.3 Vector Control of Induction Motors
		11.3.1 Detection of Rotor Flux Orientation in Induction Motors
		11.3.2 Vector Control Implementation for Induction Motors
	11.4 Vector Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors
	11.5 Problems
12 Inverters and High-Frequency Transients
	12.1 Electromagnetic Interference and Standards
	12.2 Common-Mode Voltage in Three-Phase Inverters
	12.3 Electrostatic and Magnetic Couplings
		12.3.1 Electrostatic Coupling
		12.3.2 Magnetic Coupling
	12.4 Reflected Waves in Motor-Drive Systems
		12.4.1 Traveling Wave Speed
		12.4.2 Traveling Wave Impedance
		12.4.3 Reflected Wave Coefficient
	12.5 Problems
A Trigonometric Identities
B Laplace Transformation
Bibliography
Index