Power and Society: An Introduction to the Social Sciences

Front Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 12
Part I: The Nature and Study of Power......Page 18
The Nature of Power......Page 19
Power and the Social Sciences......Page 24
Social Sciences and Social Problems......Page 28
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 31
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 32
Science and the Scientific Method......Page 34
The Classic Scientific Research Design......Page 41
Gathering Data: Survey Research......Page 43
ON THE WEB: Exploring The Social Sciences......Page 53
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 54
The Power of Ideas......Page 56
Classical Liberalism: The Least Government Is the Best Government......Page 57
Modern Liberalism: Government Power to "Do Good"......Page 59
Modern Conservatism: Individualism and Traditional Values......Page 62
Fascism: The Supremacy of Race or Nation......Page 67
Socialism: Government Ownership, Central Planning......Page 72
Why Communism Collapsed......Page 76
ON THE WEB:Exploring Ideologies......Page 78
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 79
Part II: Power and The Social Sciences......Page 82
The Origins of Power......Page 83
Culture: Ways of Life......Page 85
The Components of Culture......Page 86
The Nature of Culture......Page 90
Authority in the Family......Page 95
Power and Gender......Page 103
Power and Political Systems......Page 106
Power and Society: Some Anthropological Observations......Page 111
ON THE WEB: Exploring Anthropology......Page 112
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 113
Power Relations and Social Stratification......Page 114
Stratification in American Society......Page 115
Sociology and the Study of Social Classes......Page 119
Inequality in America......Page 123
Social Mobility: The Ups and Downs......Page 126
Class as a Determinant of Lifestyle......Page 128
Social Classes: Conflict and Conciliation......Page 133
Social Class and Political Power......Page 135
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 136
ON THE WEB......Page 137
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 138
History and Social Science......Page 140
History and the American Experience......Page 141
The Rise of Western Elites......Page 142
The Civil War and Elite Division......Page 146
Power in the Post–Civil War Era......Page 149
Power and the Industrial Revolution......Page 154
The New Deal and the Emergence of the "Liberal Establishment"......Page 155
ON THE WEB:Exploring History......Page 161
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 162
Politics, Political Science, and Government Power......Page 164
The Meaning of Democracy......Page 165
Power and the American Constitution......Page 168
Federalism and the Growth of Power in the Federal Government......Page 175
Federalism Today......Page 178
Power and the Branches of the Federal Government......Page 179
The Powers of Congress......Page 190
The Power of the Courts......Page 194
Power and Political Behavior in the United States......Page 197
Political Parties in the United States......Page 200
Power and American Government......Page 206
ON THE WEB:Exploring Government and Politics......Page 207
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 208
Power and Economic Organization......Page 210
The Market System, Hard Boiled and Impersonal......Page 211
Supply, Demand, and the Market Price......Page 214
Government in a Free-Market Economy......Page 217
Economic Theories That Inform Economic Policy......Page 218
The Contemporary American Economy......Page 225
Measuring America's Wealth......Page 228
Government Debt, Deficits, and Surpluses......Page 234
The Concentration of Economic Power......Page 237
The Globalization of Economic Power......Page 241
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 246
ON THE WEB: Exploring Economics......Page 247
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 248
Personality and Individual Responses to Power......Page 250
Our Genetic Code......Page 252
Nurture and Human Development......Page 256
Approaches to Psychology and Personality......Page 257
Behaviorism and Learning Theory......Page 264
Treating Mental Illness......Page 271
Powerlessness and Mental Health......Page 279
ON THE WEB: Exploring Psychology......Page 280
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 281
Part III: The Uses of  Power......Page 284
Racism in American History......Page 285
The Civil Rights Movement......Page 287
Immigration to America......Page 298
Native Americans: An Historical Overview......Page 303
Power and Gender......Page 307
Disabled Americans......Page 318
Gay and Lesbian Rights......Page 320
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 321
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 322
Poverty as Powerlessness......Page 324
Is There a Culture of Poverty?......Page 326
Government and Social Welfare......Page 333
Homelessness in America......Page 341
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 343
ON THE WEB: Exploring Powerty and Powerlessness......Page 344
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 345
Violence in American History......Page 346
The Problem of Crime......Page 351
The Constitutional Rights of Defendants......Page 355
Crime and Drugs......Page 367
An Economic Perspective on Crime......Page 371
A Psychological Perspective on Crime: The Antisocial Personality......Page 372
Social and Cultural Perspectives on Crime......Page 374
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 378
ON THE WEB: Exploring Power, Crime and Violence......Page 379
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 380
Globalization in Perspective......Page 381
The Global Problem of Poverty......Page 382
The Global Problems of Hunger and Malnourishment......Page 384
Health and Health Care in the Global Community......Page 387
Still a Global Problem: Slavery......Page 393
Global Population Growth......Page 397
The Structure of Urban Life in the Global Community......Page 399
ABOUT THIS CHAPTER......Page 404
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 405
International Politics......Page 407
Bringing Order to International Relations......Page 408
A Brief History of the Cold War......Page 414
The Control of Nuclear Arms......Page 418
International Politics in a Post–September 11 World......Page 421
ON THE WEB: Exploring Power Among Nations......Page 430
REVIEW QUIZ......Page 431
NOTES......Page 433
INDEX......Page 439