Poverty in America: An Encyclopedia

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
List of Entries......Page 10
Guide to Related Topics......Page 12
Preface......Page 14
Introduction......Page 16
COLONIAL POVERTY......Page 17
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION......Page 18
THE GREAT DEPRESSION......Page 19
THE WAR ON POVERTY......Page 20
Chronology......Page 22
ADDAMS, JANE (1860–1935).......Page 28
ADMINISTRATION FOR CHILDREN AND FAMILIES (ACF).......Page 29
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION.......Page 31
AFRICAN AMERICANS AND POVERTY (POST-SLAVERY).......Page 32
AID TO FAMILIES WITH DEPENDENT CHILDREN (AFDC).......Page 34
AMERICAN INDIANS AND POVERTY.......Page 35
ASIAN AMERICANS AND POVERTY.......Page 37
BRITISH POOR AND THE ORIGINS OF COLONIALISM.......Page 38
CCC (CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS).......Page 40
CHILDREN AND POVERTY.......Page 41
CHILDREN S AID SOCIETY.......Page 47
CHILDREN S BUREAU.......Page 48
CHILDREN S DEFENSE FUND.......Page 49
CHILDREN S HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRAM (CHIP).......Page 50
CHRISTIANITY AND POVERTY.......Page 51
CLINTON WELFARE REFORM.......Page 55
COMMUNITY ACTION PROGRAM.......Page 57
CONVICT TRANSPORTATION.......Page 58
CRIME AND IMPRISONMENT.......Page 61
CULTURE OF POVERTY.......Page 64
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HUD).......Page 66
DEPARTMENT OF LABOR.......Page 67
DISEASE AND THE POOR.......Page 69
DRUGS, ALCOHOL, AND THE POOR.......Page 72
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT.......Page 74
EDUCATION.......Page 76
ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL ACT.......Page 78
ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY OF POVERTY.......Page 79
EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION.......Page 81
FAMILY ASSISTANCE PLAN (FAP).......Page 83
FEDERAL HOUSING ADMINISTRATION (FHA).......Page 84
FOOD STAMPS AND WIC.......Page 85
THE GRAPES OF WRATH BY JOHN STEINBECK.......Page 87
GREAT DEPRESSION.......Page 88
HEAD START.......Page 93
HISPANIC AMERICANS AND POVERTY.......Page 95
HOMELESSNESS.......Page 97
HOOVERVILLES.......Page 99
HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES BY JACOB RIIS.......Page 100
IMMIGRANTS.......Page 102
INDENTURED SERVITUDE.......Page 104
INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF THE POOR.......Page 107
JOB CORPS.......Page 111
KIDS COUNT.......Page 113
LABOR.......Page 115
LITERATURE AND POVERTY.......Page 117
MEASUREMENT OF INEQUALITY.......Page 120
MEDICAID......Page 122
MEDICARE.......Page 123
MINIMUM WAGE.......Page 124
NATIONAL CENTER FOR CHILDREN IN POVERTY.......Page 126
NEW DEAL.......Page 127
NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND.......Page 131
OFFICE OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY.......Page 133
THE OTHER AMERICA BY MICHAEL HARRINGTON.......Page 134
PANHANDLERS.......Page 136
POOR LAWS IN ENGLAND AND EARLY AMERICA.......Page 137
PROGRESSIVES.......Page 140
PROTEST MOVEMENTS.......Page 142
PRUITT–IGOE.......Page 144
PUBLIC HOUSING.......Page 145
PWA (PUBLIC WORKS ADMINISTRATION).......Page 148
RACE AND ETHNICITY.......Page 149
RACISM.......Page 151
REDEMPTIONERS.......Page 153
SLAVERY.......Page 156
SOCIAL SECURITY.......Page 157
SPIRITS (CRIMPS) AND NEWLANDERS.......Page 159
URBAN POOR.......Page 161
VISTA.......Page 166
WAR AND POVERTY.......Page 168
WAR ON POVERTY.......Page 170
WARNING OUT.......Page 173
WEALTH AND INCOME INEQUALITY.......Page 174
"WELFARE MOMS".......Page 175
WELFARE STATE (POST–NEW DEAL).......Page 177
WPA (WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION).......Page 181
1. GOTTLIEB MITTELBERGER, ON THE MISFORTUNE OF INDENTURED SERVANTS......Page 184
2. POOR WHITES IN THE MID-NINETEENTH CENTURY SOUTH......Page 187
3. PENNSYLVANIA,THE HOPE OF THE POOR IMMIGRANT......Page 189
4.THE WRETCHEDNESS OF WHITE SERVANTS, BY WILLIAM EDDIS......Page 191
5. GEORGE WASHINGTON AND THE REDEMPTIONERS......Page 192
6. HOW THE OTHER HALF LIVES......Page 193
7.WILLIAM JENNINGS BRYAN'S DEFENSE OF SILVER COINAGE......Page 195
8. JANE ADDAMS'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY......Page 196
9. HERBERT HOOVER'S STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS, 1929......Page 204
Tax Reduction......Page 205
General Economic Situation......Page 206
The Banking System......Page 207
Veterans......Page 208
10. FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT'S FIRESIDE CHAT, 1937......Page 209
11. JOHN F. KENNEDY'S SPEECH TO CONGRESS, 1962......Page 217
I. Prevention and Rehabilitation......Page 218
III. More Skilled Personnel......Page 220
V. More Efficient Administration......Page 221
12. LYNDON B. JOHNSON'S STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS, 1964......Page 223
13. LYNDON B. JOHNSON'S GREAT SOCIETY SPEECH, 1964......Page 225
14. LYNDON B. JOHNSON'S WAR ON POVERTY SPEECH, 1965......Page 227
The Rise of National Concern......Page 228
15. RICHARD M. NIXON'S SPECIAL MESSAGE TO CONGRESS ON POVERTY, 1969......Page 229
Basic Principles......Page 234
Reform of Individual and Family Services......Page 235
17. RONALD REAGAN'S SPEECH AT THE REPUBLICAN NATIONAL CONVENTION, 1984......Page 236
18. RONALD REAGAN'S RADIO ADDRESS ON WELFARE, 1987......Page 238
19. BILL CLINTON'S STATE OF THE UNION ADDRESS, 1997......Page 240
GOVERNMENT REPORTS......Page 244
PERIODICALS......Page 245
BOOKS......Page 246
WEB SITES......Page 249
Index......Page 250
About the Authors......Page 261