Poverty and Discrimination

Foreword (vii)......Page 7
Contents (ix)......Page 9
Text Tables (xii)......Page 12
Figures, Appendix Tables (xiii)......Page 13
1. The Twin Problems (1)......Page 14
Discrimination (2)......Page 15
Poverty (3)......Page 16
Method Used (5)......Page 18
Scope of the Book (7)......Page 20
2. Income as Measurement (9)......Page 22
The Market System (10)......Page 23
A Measure of Well-being (13)......Page 26
Distribution in the United States (14)......Page 27
Distribution as a Measure of Discrimination (19)......Page 32
Poverty Defined (20)......Page 33
Summary (23)......Page 36
3. The Causes of Poverty (26)......Page 39
Labor's Marginal Product (27)......Page 40
A Poverty Model (30)......Page 43
The Seven Variables (35)......Page 48
Summary (43)......Page 56
Utilization of Labor (46)......Page 59
Queue Theory of the Labor Market (48)......Page 61
The Queue Model (49)......Page 62
Negro Employment Gains (53)......Page 66
Projections (57)......Page 70
Negro Income Gains (58)......Page 71
Reductions in Poverty (62)......Page 74
Conclusions (64)......Page 77
Income, Education, and Experience (66)......Page 79
Complementarities between Education and Experience (70)......Page 83
The Human Capital Function (72)......Page 85
The Data (75)......Page 88
The Results: White versus Negro (76)......Page 89
North versus South (82)......Page 95
Factors Underlying Acquisition (83)......Page 96
Implications (93)......Page 106
6. The Dispersion of Income (96)......Page 109
The Impact of Human Capital (98)......Page 111
Factors Leading to Dispersion (100)......Page 113
Conclusions (109)......Page 122
7. Discrimination (111)......Page 124
The Existing Theory (112)......Page 125
Varieties of Discrimination (117)......Page 130
Enforcement of Discrimination (126)......Page 139
Ending Discrimination (129)......Page 142
White Gains (130)......Page 143
Impact on Potential Output (134)......Page 147
Implications (137)......Page 150
8. Limitations and Alternatives (139)......Page 152
Families outside the Labor Force (140)......Page 153
Families Poor Although in the Labor Force (142)......Page 155
Workers beyond the Aid of Productivity Programs (143)......Page 156
Guaranteed Jobs (144)......Page 157
Direct Income Transfers (147)......Page 160
Implications (151)......Page 164
Income (153)......Page 166
Poverty (154)......Page 167
Economic Policies (155)......Page 168
Human Capital (156)......Page 169
Physical Capital and Technical Progress (157)......Page 170
Discrimination (158)......Page 171
Strategies for Eliminating Poverty (159)......Page 172
Appendixes (161)......Page 174
A. The Marginal Productivity of Labor (163)......Page 175
B. A Critique of the Poverty Model (169)......Page 181
C. Median Incomes and the Analysis of Poverty (171)......Page 183
D. Principal Component Analysis (173)......Page 185
E. The Impact of Aggregate demand on Three Explanatory Variables in the Poverty Model (177)......Page 189
F. The Trade-off between Unemployment and Inflation (182)......Page 194
G. The Human Capital Function (187)......Page 199
H. Critique of the Human Capital Function (189)......Page 201
I. An Incentive System for Upgrading Impoverished Workers (191)......Page 203
J. Methods of Calculating the Distribution of Shift Coefficients, Technical Progress, and Capital-Labor Ratios (197)......Page 209
K. Bibliographical Notes (201)......Page 213
Index (211)......Page 222