Potato Physiology

Front Cover......Page 1
Potato Physiology......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 12
FOREWORD......Page 14
PREFACE......Page 16
CHAPTER 1. THE POTATO AS A WORLD FOOD CROP, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO DEVELOPING AREAS......Page 18
II. POTATO PRODUCTION AND USE......Page 19
III. TECHNOLOGY NEEDS OF DEVELOPING AREAS......Page 33
IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 49
CHAPTER 2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOASSIMILATE PARTITIONING......Page 52
I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS......Page 53
II. PHOTOASSIMILATE PARTITIONING......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 68
CHAPTER 3. POTATO RESPIRATION: ELECTRON TRANSPORT PATHWAYS......Page 76
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 77
II. RESPIRATION OF POTATO TISSUES......Page 78
III. MITOCHONDRIA......Page 87
IV. CYANIDE RESISTANCE......Page 114
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 124
REFERENCES......Page 126
CHAPTER 4. DEVELOPMENT AND STRUCTURE OF TUBERS......Page 140
II. EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY......Page 141
III. EARLY TUBER DEVELOPMENT......Page 145
IV. TISSUES OF MATURE TUBERS......Page 148
V. ERGASTIC SUBSTANCES......Page 158
VI. STRUCTURE OF TUBERS GROWN IN VITRO......Page 161
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 164
REFERENCES......Page 165
CHAPTER 5. CUTTINGS AS SIMPLIFIED MODELS OF THE POTATO PLANT......Page 170
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 171
II. METHODOLOGY AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS......Page 173
III. PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES WITH CUTTINGS......Page 176
IV. CUTTINGS AS A SELECTION TOOL FOR BREEDING......Page 192
V. IN VITRO CUTTINGS......Page 197
VI. IMPLICATIONS CONCERNING THE NATURE OF THE HYPOTHETICAL TUBERIZATION STIMULUS......Page 207
VII. IMPLICATIONS FOR YIELD PHYSIOLOGY......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 216
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 226
II. TUBER INITIATION AND TUBER GROWTH AS REGULATED BY NITROGEN NUTRITION......Page 227
REFERENCES......Page 241
CHAPTER 7. TUBER INITIATION IN SOLANUM TUBEROSUM: EFFECT OF PHYTOHORMONES AND INDUCED CHANGES IN NUCLEIC ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM......Page 248
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 249
II. AUXINS......Page 250
III. KININS......Page 252
IV. COUMARIN......Page 253
V. MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICALS......Page 255
VI. INHIBITORS — ABSCISIC ACID (ABA)......Page 257
VII. NUCLEIC ACID CHANGES......Page 259
VIII. ENZYME CHANGES......Page 261
IX. INHIBITORS OF PROTEIN AND NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM......Page 264
X. DISCUSSION......Page 267
REFERENCES......Page 269
CHAPTER 8. MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE MAJOR TUBER PROTEINS......Page 278
I. CHARACTERIZATION OF PATATIN AND ITS mRNA......Page 279
II. REGULATION OF PATATIN UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS......Page 284
III. INDUCTION OF PATATIN WITHOUT THE MORPHOLOGY OF TUBERIZATION......Page 290
IV. REGULATION OF PATATIN SYNTHESIS BY PHOTOPERIOD AND GIBBERELLIC ACID......Page 292
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 294
CHAPTER 9. CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN DEVELOPING POTATO TUBERS......Page 296
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 297
II. SCOPE......Page 298
III. PHLOEM UNLOADING AND THE MOVEMENT OF ASSIMILATE TO STORAGE CELLS......Page 301
IV. METABOLISM OF SUCROSE......Page 302
V. BIOSYNTHESIS OF STARCH......Page 309
VI. TUBERIZATION OF STOLON TIPS AND DEVELOPMENT OF TUBERS......Page 317
VII. METABOLISM OF YOUNG GROWING TUBERS AND THE EFFECTS OF EXOGENOUS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS......Page 318
VIII. REGULATION OF METABOLISM......Page 323
IX. CONCLUSION......Page 334
REFERENCES......Page 335
CHAPTER 10. POTATO PROTEINS......Page 346
I. INTRODUCTION
......Page 347
II. AMINO ACIDS IN THE FREE POOL......Page 348
III. AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF POTATO PROTEIN......Page 350
IV. PROTEIN FRACTIONS AND SOLUBLE PROTEIN RELATIONSHIPS......Page 352
V. THE NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF POTATO PROTEIN......Page 353
VI. PROTEIN YIELD AND STARCH RELATIONSHIPS......Page 357
VII. PROTEIN CHANGES DURING TUBER DEVELOPMENT......Page 359
VIII. GENETIC VARIABILITY IN PROTEINS DETECTED BY GEL ELECTROPHORESES......Page 361
IX. CONCLUSION......Page 363
REFERENCES......Page 364
CHAPTER 11. POTATO REST......Page 370
I. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF THE TERM REST......Page 371
II. DURATION OF THE REST PERIOD, AND METHODS TO BREAK AND TO INDUCE REST......Page 372
III. CHANGES OTHER THAN HORMONAL IN THE POTATO TUBER DURING REST AND CESSATION OF REST......Page 376
IV. CHANGES IN THE LEVELS OF ENDOGENOUS HORMONES DURING THE REST PERIOD AND EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS GROWTH SUBSTANCES ON THE REST......Page 380
V. ACIDIC INHIBITORS AS ONE OF THE CAUSES OF POTATO REST......Page 392
REFERENCES......Page 396
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 406
II. MAJOR PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS......Page 408
III. MINOR PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS......Page 442
IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 458
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......Page 459
REFERENCES......Page 460
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 474
II. FROST HARDINESS......Page 475
III. FROST HARDINESS IN RELATION TO ANATOMY, MORPHOLOGY, AND GENOTYPE ORIGIN
......Page 490
REFERENCES......Page 491
CHAPTER 14. ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF POTATO PLANTS......Page 498
II. THE POTATO PLANT AND ITS POTENTIALITY TO ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSES......Page 499
III. EFFECTS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS......Page 504
IV. EFFECTS OF CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTS......Page 510
V. CONCLUSIONS......Page 516
REFERENCES......Page 517
CHAPTER 15. POTATO TISSUE CULTURE AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE......Page 520
I. TYPES OF IN VITRO POTATO CULTURES......Page 521
II. JiV VITRO CULTURE APPLIED TO SEED POTATO AND FIELD PRODUCTION......Page 547
III. IN VITRO GERM PLASM PRESERVATION......Page 570
IV. IN VITRO MUTATION BREEDING......Page 576
V. CLOSING THOUGHTS......Page 577
REFERENCES......Page 581
INDEX......Page 596