Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition

Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Preface
......Page 7
INTRODUCTION......Page 9
EXPERIMENTAL MINERAL PHYSICS PAPERS......Page 10
THEORETICAL MINERAL PHYSICS PAPERS......Page 11
SEISMOLOGICAL PAPERS......Page 12
GEODYNAMICAL PAPERS......Page 13
REFERENCES......Page 15
SEISMIC DISCONTINUITIES IN THE MANTLE......Page 16
NATURE OF THE 410 KM DISCONTINUITY......Page 17
NATURE OF THE 660 KM DISCONTINUITY......Page 19
PROPERTY OF SILICATE PEROVSKITE......Page 20
CLOSE PACKED STRUCTURES OF OXIDESIN THE DEEP MANTLE......Page 22
DISCOVERY OF THE POST PEROVSKITE PHASE......Page 23
REFERENCES......Page 24
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 26
2. EXPERIMENTS AT LOWERMOST MANTLECONDITIONS......Page 27
3. DISCOVERY OF POST-PEROVSKITE PHASETRANSITION......Page 29
4. POST-PEROVSKITE PHASE TRANSITIONBOUNDARY......Page 31
5. IMPLICATIONS FOR SEISMIC ANOMALIESIN THE LOWERMOST MANTLE......Page 34
6. CHEMICAL HETEROGENEITY IN D″......Page 35
7. SUMMARY AND UNSOLVED PROBLEMS......Page 38
REFERENCES......Page 39
2. HIGH P-T EXPERIMENTS......Page 43
4. P-V-T EQUATION OF STATE......Page 44
5. EFFECT OF IRON ON PV AND PPV PHASERELATIONS......Page 47
6. EFFECT OF IRON ON SOUND VELOCITIES......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 51
INTRODUCTION......Page 53
THEORETICAL BASIS......Page 55
EXPERIMENTAL DETECTION OF SPIN CROSSOVER......Page 58
NATURE OF SPIN CROSSVER......Page 65
IMPLICATIONS FOR THE LOWER MANTLE AND CORE......Page 66
CONCLUSION......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 72
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 75
2. LATTICE-PREFERRED ORIENTATIONS......Page 76
3. ELASTIC WAVE VELOCITIES OFPOLYCRYSTALLINE LOWER MANTLE MATERIALS......Page 79
4. INTERPRETATION OF GEOPHYSICALOBSERVATION......Page 80
REFERENCES......Page 83
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 85
2. THEORETICAL METHODS......Page 86
3. POST-PEROVSKITE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE......Page 88
4. VIBRATIONAL AND THERMODYNAMICPROPERTIES......Page 89
5. PHASE EQUILIBRIUM AND STABILITY FIELD......Page 96
6. CONCLUSIONS......Page 100
REFERENCES......Page 101
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 104
2. HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE ELASTICPROPERTIES FROM THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS......Page 105
3. PRESENTATION OF NEW RESULTS ANDCOMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS THEORETICALSTUDIES......Page 107
REFERENCES......Page 117
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 119
3. PHASE DIAGRAM......Page 120
4. EQUATION OF STATE......Page 123
5. EFFECT OF IRON ON THE POST-PEROVSKITESTRUCTURE......Page 124
8. EFFECT OF CHEMISTRY ON ELASTICITY......Page 125
9. EFFECT OF CHEMISTRY ON SEISMICPROPERTIES......Page 128
10. CONCLUSIONS......Page 130
REFERENCES......Page 131
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 133
2. PREDICTED POST-PEROVSKITE PROPERTIES......Page 134
3. SEISMOLOGICAL OBSERVABLES......Page 136
4.1. Abrupt Increases or Decreases in Seismic Velocity WithIncreasing Depth......Page 137
4.3. Volumetric P-wave and S-wave Velocity Changes......Page 145
4.5. Pairing of Seismic Velocity Increases and Decreases......Page 148
4.7. Changes in Anisotropic Properties Coupled to Velocity Changes......Page 149
5. DISCUSSION......Page 150
REFERENCES......Page 152
INTRODUCTION......Page 158
MAPPING OF THE PHASE CHANGE......Page 159
MAPPING AND PREDICTING......Page 166
DISCUSSION......Page 168
REFERENCES......Page 172
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 174
2. DESCRIPTION OF SEISMIC ANISOTROPY......Page 175
3. OBSERVATIONS OF LOWERMOST MANTLEANISOTROPY......Page 176
4. SEISMIC ANISOTROPY OF POST-PEROVSKITE......Page 181
5. LATTICE PREFERRED ORIENTATION INPOST-PEROVSKITE......Page 184
REFERENCES......Page 189
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 193
2. NORMAL MODES......Page 196
3. LONG-PERIOD WAVEFORMS......Page 200
4. SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY......Page 204
5. POST-PEROVSKITE AND THE ANTI-CORRELATIONOF SHEAR VELOCITY AND BULK SOUND SPEED......Page 211
6. CONCLUSION......Page 215
REFERENCES......Page 216
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 219
2. INTERNAL EARTH STRUCTURE AND MANTLEDYNAMICS......Page 220
3. DEEP MANTLE DYNAMICS IN THE POST ? POSTPEROVSKITE TRANSITION ERA......Page 226
REFERENCES......Page 228
Influence of the Post-Perovskite Transition on Thermal andThermo-Chemical Mantle Convection......Page 230
2. MODEL......Page 231
3. THERMAL CONVECTION......Page 233
4. THERMO-CHEMICAL CONVECTION......Page 236
5. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION......Page 240
REFERENCES......Page 247
The Dynamical Influences From Physical Properties in the LowerMantle and Post-Perovskite Phase Transition......Page 249
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 250
2. PHYSICAL BACKGROUND AND MODELDESCRIPTION......Page 251
3. RESULTS......Page 255
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 271
2. APPROACH......Page 272
3. MICROSCALE PROCESSES: DEFORMATIONDRIVENMASS TRANSFER ACROSS THE CMB......Page 273
5. MACROSCALE PROCESSES: THERMALCHEMICALSUPERPLUMES WITH RADIATIVETHERMAL CONDUCTIVITY......Page 282
6. SUMMARY......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284