Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800 (Studies in the History of the Language Sciences (SiHoLS))

Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550–1800......Page 2
Editorial page......Page 3
Title page......Page 4
LCC data......Page 5
Table of contents......Page 6
Preface & acknowledgements......Page 14
1.1 Goal of the study......Page 16
1.2 The historiographical neglect of missionary linguistics......Page 17
1.3 The contribution of missionary linguistics to the study of the typology of languages......Page 19
1.4 Missionary linguists as field-workers: Their attitudes......Page 25
1.5 The description of exotic languages and the development of linguistic concepts......Page 29
1.6 The goals and structure of this study......Page 32
1.6.1.2 Morphosyntax......Page 33
1.6.1.3 The lexicon......Page 34
References......Page 35
2.1 Introduction......Page 38
2.1.1 Historical background......Page 40
2.1.2 The Indian grammatical tradition......Page 42
2.2.1 The life and work of Henrique Henriques......Page 43
2.2.2 Henriques’s Tamil grammar: Authorship and sources......Page 44
2.2.3.2 The structure of Henriques’s grammar......Page 46
2.2.3.4 Henriques’s treatment of Tamil nominal declension......Page 47
2.2.3.5 Henriques’s treatment of the Tamil verb......Page 50
2.2.3.6 Henriques’s explicit comparisons between Tamil and Portuguese......Page 53
2.2.3.7 Henriques’s treatment of Tamil word order......Page 54
2.2.3.9 Henriques’s treatment of variation within Tamil......Page 55
2.2.3.10 Henriques’s meta-language......Page 56
2.2.5 Other Tamil grammars......Page 59
2.3.1 The life of Thomas Stephens......Page 60
2.3.2 Other early grammars of Konkani and neighbouring languages......Page 61
2.3.3 The Konkani language......Page 63
2.3.4.1 Stephens’s treatment of phonology and orthography......Page 64
2.3.4.2 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani nominal morphology......Page 67
2.3.4.3 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani verbal morphology......Page 69
2.3.4.4 Stephens’s treatment of Konkani syntax. Word order and agreement......Page 71
2.3.4.5 Stephens’s treatment of ergativity......Page 72
2.4.1 Manoel da Assumpçam and his grammar......Page 73
2.4.2 The Bengali language......Page 74
2.4.3.1 Assumpçam’s treatment of orthography and phonology......Page 77
2.4.3.3 Assumpçam’s treatment of verbal morphology......Page 79
2.4.3.5 Assumpçam’s treatment of word order and agreement......Page 81
2.5.1 The Marathi language......Page 82
2.5.2.1 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi phonology and orthography......Page 83
2.5.2.2 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi nominal morphology......Page 85
2.5.2.3 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi verbal morphology......Page 86
2.5.2.4 The grammar’s treatment of Marathi syntax, word order and agreement......Page 87
2.5.2.5 The grammar’s treatment of ergativity......Page 89
2.6.1 Previous grammars of Hindi by Europeans......Page 90
2.6.3.1 The grammar’s view of the Hindi language......Page 91
2.6.3.2 The structure of the grammar......Page 92
2.6.3.3 The grammar’s treatment of Hindi phonology and orthography......Page 94
2.6.3.5 The grammar’s treatment of verbal inflection......Page 99
2.6.3.7 The grammar’s treatment of the article......Page 100
2.6.3.8 The grammar’s treatment of agreement and word order......Page 102
2.6.3.9 The grammar’s treatment of agreement and ergativity......Page 103
2.7 Conclusion......Page 104
3.1 Introduction......Page 108
3.2.1 His life......Page 109
3.2.2 His work......Page 111
3.2.3.1 European sources......Page 113
3.2.3.2 Japanese sources......Page 118
3.3.2 Geographical distinctions......Page 126
3.3.3 Diachrony: The ‘old language’ and the concept of auctoritas......Page 129
3.3.4 Christian terminology: Loans from Latin and Portuguese......Page 133
3.3.5 On the best way of learning Japanese......Page 135
3.4 Phonology and orthography......Page 136
3.5.1.1 Nominal inflection and ‘cases’......Page 142
3.5.1.2 Adjective noun (“Nome adjectiuo”)......Page 145
3.5.1.3 Verbal inflection......Page 148
3.5.1.5 Causatives......Page 151
3.6.1 Japanese as an SOV language......Page 152
3.6.2 Japanese as a left-branching language......Page 154
3.8 Conclusion......Page 155
4.1 Introduction: Missionaries in Spanish and Portuguese America......Page 158
4.1.1 Missionaries and lenguas generales/línguas gerais......Page 159
4.1.2 Missionary linguistics in Portuguese America......Page 161
4.2.1.2 The language described by Anchieta......Page 163
4.2.1.3 The structure of the grammar......Page 166
4.2.1.4 Phonology and orthography......Page 167
4.2.1.5 The concept of ‘case’ as applied to Tupi......Page 171
4.2.1.6 The pronouns......Page 172
4.2.1.7 Nominal and verbal inflection......Page 174
4.2.1.8 Nouns, ‘adjectives’, and ‘adverbs’......Page 176
4.2.1.9 Syntax......Page 177
4.2.2 Antonio de Araújo’s Cathecismo (1618)......Page 178
4.2.3 Luiz Figueira (1575–1643)......Page 179
4.2.3.2 Orthography and phonology......Page 180
4.2.3.4 The inclusive-exclusive distinction......Page 181
4.2.3.6 Word order......Page 182
4.2.4.2 The author......Page 183
4.2.4.3 The manuscript......Page 184
4.2.4.5 Language change......Page 185
4.2.4.6 The grammar......Page 186
4.2.4.8 The pronominal system......Page 187
4.2.4.9 The ‘pronomes extravagantes’......Page 189
4.3.1 Introduction......Page 190
4.3.2 The language......Page 191
4.3.3 Sources for eastern Brazilian languages of the Macro-Jê family......Page 192
4.3.4.1 The sources of the grammar......Page 194
4.3.4.2 References to other languages and language variety......Page 197
4.3.5 Phonology and orthography......Page 198
4.3.5.1 The vowels......Page 199
4.3.5.2 The consonants......Page 203
4.3.5.3 Diacritics......Page 205
4.3.6.1 “Inflection”......Page 206
4.3.6.2 The inclusive-exclusive distinction......Page 209
4.3.7.1 Word order and agreement......Page 211
4.3.7.2 Ergativity......Page 213
4.4 Conclusion......Page 216
5.1 Introduction......Page 220
5.1.1 Three grammars of African languages......Page 221
5.1.2 Their context in the early study of African languages......Page 223
5.1.3 Early catechisms in African languages......Page 225
5.2.1 The language......Page 229
5.2.2 Phonology......Page 230
5.2.3.1 Nominal inflection, declensions, ‘cases’ and the noun-classes......Page 231
5.2.3.2 Verbal morphology......Page 232
5.2.4 Syntax......Page 234
5.3 Pedro Dias (1622–1700)......Page 235
5.3.1 The language......Page 237
5.3.2 Phonology and orthography......Page 239
5.3.3.1 Nominal morphology......Page 242
5.3.3.2 Verbal morphology......Page 245
5.4.1 The language......Page 251
5.4.3.1 Nominal morphology......Page 253
5.4.3.2 Verbal morphology......Page 254
5.5 Conclusion......Page 256
6.2.1 Introduction......Page 258
6.2.2 The grammars and their sources......Page 260
6.2.3 The language......Page 263
6.2.4 The structure of the grammar of de Sousa, compared with those of Erpenius and Guadagnoli......Page 264
6.2.5 Phonology and orthography......Page 267
6.2.6 Parts of speech and morphology......Page 269
6.2.7 Syntax. Word order and agreement......Page 270
6.3 Hebrew......Page 271
6.4 Conclusion......Page 275
7.1.1 The Indian subcontinent......Page 276
7.1.2 Japan......Page 277
7.1.5 Arabic and Hebrew......Page 278
7.2.1 India......Page 279
7.2.3 Brazil......Page 280
7.3.1 Adaptations of the traditional model......Page 281
7.3.2 Articles......Page 282
7.5 A Portuguese tradition?......Page 283
1.1 The Indian lexicographical tradition......Page 286
1.2 Dictionaries compiled by Europeans......Page 287
1.3 Konkani......Page 289
1.4 Hindi......Page 290
2.1 The Japanese lexicographical tradition.......Page 291
2.2 The Vocabulario of 1595 and the Dictionarium of 1603–1604......Page 292
2.3 Meta-linguistic terms in the dictionaries......Page 295
3.1 Introduction......Page 296
3.3 Chinese dictionaries composed by westerners......Page 297
3.3.1 The Dicionário Português-Chinês......Page 301
3.3.2 Other early European studies of Chinese......Page 302
3.3 Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Malaya......Page 305
4. Brazil......Page 310
5. African languages......Page 311
6.2 Hebrew......Page 316
Primary Sources......Page 318
Secondary Sources......Page 336
Index of biographical names......Page 362
Index of subjects & terms......Page 368