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دانلود کتاب Porth's pathophysiology concepts of altered health states
دانلود کتاب مفاهیم پاتوفیزیولوژی پورت در مورد وضعیتهای تغییر یافته سلامت
مشخصات کتاب
Porth's pathophysiology concepts of altered health states
ویرایش: [9. ed.] نویسندگان: Sheila C. Grossman, Carol Mattson Porth سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9781451146004, 1451146000 ناشر: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins سال نشر: 2014 تعداد صفحات: [1690] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 141 Mb
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 29,000
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توجه داشته باشید کتاب مفاهیم پاتوفیزیولوژی پورت در مورد وضعیتهای تغییر یافته سلامت نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب مفاهیم پاتوفیزیولوژی پورت در مورد وضعیتهای تغییر یافته سلامت
این نهمین نسخه پاتوفیزیولوژی پورث: مفاهیم وضعیت سلامت تغییریافته با هنر درخشان، مطالعات موردی جدید جذاب، و منابع آموزشی و یادگیری پویا، جذاب، در دسترس و دانشجوپسند است و در عین حال پوشش جامع و متمرکز بر پرستاری را حفظ می‌کند. این یک رهبر بازار است. تأکید منحصر به فرد کتاب بر «مفاهیم» حالات سلامت تغییریافته، برخلاف توصیفات واقعی بیماری ها و اختلالات، به دانش آموزان کمک می کند تا هر دو جنبه فیزیکی و روانی سلامت تغییر یافته را درک کنند. نسخه، عمق جامع خود را حفظ می‌کند، در حالی که در صورت لزوم، محتوا را تجزیه می‌کند و محتوای توصیفی را با هنر خیره‌کننده جایگزین می‌کند. (تقریباً 600 تصویر جدید هستند یا به سبک مدرن سازگاری دوباره ارائه شده‌اند.) همچنین انیمیشن‌های پیشرفته سه بعدی روایت‌شده در این نسخه جدید هستند. به مرتبط‌ترین اختلالات از نظر بالینی و درک دشوارترین اختلالات، درگیر کردن مطالعات موردی واحد باز که تفکر انتقادی را تقویت می‌کند و لحن را برای محتوای آینده تنظیم می‌کند، و طیف وسیعی از ابزارهای مطالعه داخلی. اکنون، برای اولین بار، Porth's پاتوفیزیولوژی توسط PrepU پشتیبانی می‌شود، یک سیستم یادگیری تطبیقی که به دانش‌آموزان کمک می‌کند بیشتر بیاموزند، در حالی که به مربیان داده‌های مورد نیاز برای نظارت بر الکترونیک را می‌دهد. پیشرفت هر دانش آموز، نقاط قوت و ضعف.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Featuring brilliant art, engaging new case studies, and dynamic new teaching and learning resources, this 9th edition of Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States is captivating, accessible, and student-friendly while retaining the comprehensive, nursing-focused coverage that has made it a market leader. The book’s unique emphasis on “concepts" of altered health states, as opposed to factual descriptions of diseases and disorders, helps students grasp both the physical and psychological aspects of altered health. Drawing on the expertise of new co-author Sheila Grossman, the Ninth Edition maintains its comprehensive depth, while paring down content where appropriate and replacing descriptive content with striking art. (Approximately 600 illustrations are new or have been re-rendered in a consistent modern style.) Also new to this edition are advanced 3D narrated animations that address the most clinically relevant and difficult to understand disorders, engaging unit-opening case studies that reinforce critical thinking and set the tone for the content to come, and a wide range of built-in study tools. Now, for the first time, Porth’s Pathophysiology is supported by PrepU, an adaptive learning system that help students learn more, while giving instructors the data they need to monitor each student’s progress, strengths, and weaknesses.
فهرست مطالب
Cover Half Title Page Title: Porth’s Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States, Ninth Edition ISBN 9781451146004 Contributors Reviewers Preface To the Reader Acknowledgments Contents UNIT I: Concepts of Health and Disease CHAPTER 1: Concepts of Health and Disease CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND DISEASE Health Disease HEALTH AND DISEASE IN POPULATIONS Epidemiology and Patterns of Disease Determination of Risk Factors Natural History Preventing Disease Evidence-Based Practice and Practice Guidelines References CHAPTER 2: Concepts of Altered Health in Children GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Prenatal Growth and Development Birth Weight and Gestational Age INFANCY Growth and Development Health Problems of the Neonate Health Problems of the Infant EARLY CHILDHOOD Growth and Development MIDDLE TO LATE CHILDHOOD Growth and Development Common Health Problems ADOLESCENCE Growth and Development Common Health Problems REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 3: Concepts of Altered Health in Older Adults THE OLDER ADULT AND THEORIES OF AGING Who Are Older Adults? Theories of Aging PHYSIOLOGIC CHANGES OF AGING Integumentary Changes Stature and Musculoskeletal Function Cardiovascular Function Respiratory Function Neurologic Function Special Sensory Function Immune Function Gastrointestinal Function Renal Function Genitourinary Function FUNCTIONAL PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH AGING Functional Assessment Urinary Incontinence Instability and Falls Sensory Impairment Depression Dementia Delirium DRUG THERAPY IN THE OLDER ADULT Factors Contributing to Adverse Drug Reactions Strategies to Enhance Therapeutic Effects and Prevent Harm REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT II: Cell Function and Growth CHAPTER 4: Cell and Tissue Characteristics FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE CELL Protoplasm The Nucleus The Cytoplasm and Its Organelles The Cytoskeleton The Cell (Plasma) Membrane INTEGRATION OF CELL FUNCTION AND REPLICATION Cell Communication Cell Receptors The Cell Cycle and Cell Division Cell Metabolism and Energy Sources MOVEMENT ACROSS THE CELL MEMBRANE AND MEMBRANE POTENTIALS Movement of Substances across the Cell Membrane Membrane Potentials BODY TISUES Cell Differentiation Embryonic Origin of Tissue Types Epithelial Tissue Connective or Supportive Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Extracellular Tissue Components REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 5: Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death CELLULAR ADAPTATION Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia Dysplasia Intracellular Accumulations Pathologic Calcifications CELL INJURY AND DEATH Causes of Cell Injury Mechanisms of Cell Injury Reversible Cell Injury and Cell Death Cellular Aging REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 6: Genetic Control of Cell Function and Inheritance GENETIC CONTROL OF CELL FUNCTION DNA Structure and Function From Genes to Proteins CHROMOSOMES Cell Division Chromosome Structure PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE Definitions Genetic Imprinting Mendel’s Laws Pedigree GENE TECHNOLOGY Genetic Mapping Recombinant DNA Technology RNA Interference Technology REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 7: Genetic and Congenital Disorders GENETIC AND CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS Single-Gene Disorders Multifactorial Inheritance Disorders Chromosomal Disorders Mitochondrial Gene Disorders DISORDERS DUE TO ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES Period of Vulnerability Teratogenic Agents Folic Acid Deficiency DIAGNOSIS AND COUNSELING Genetic Assessment Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 8: Neoplasia CONCEPTS OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION AND GROWTH The Cell Cycle Cell Proliferation Cell Differentiation CHARACTERISTICS OF BENIGN AND MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS Terminology Benign Neoplasms Malignant Neoplasms ETIOLOGY OF CANCER Genetic and Molecular Basis of Cancer Host and Environmental Factors CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Tissue Integrity Systemic Manifestations Paraneoplastic Syndromes SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT Screening Diagnostic Methods Cancer Treatment CHILDHOOD CANCERS Incidence and Types Biology of Childhood Cancers Diagnosis and Treatment REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT III: Disorders of Integrative Function CHAPTER 9: Stress and Adaptation HOMEOSTASIS Constancy of the Internal Environment Control Systems Feedback Systems STRESS AND ADAPTATION The Stress Response Coping and Adaptation to Stress DISORDERS OF THE STRESS RESPONSE Effects of Acute Stress Effects of Chronic Stress Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment and Research of Stress Disorders REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 10: Alterations in Temperature Regulation BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION Mechanisms of Heat Production Mechanisms of Heat Loss INCREASED BODY TEMPERATURE Fever Hyperthermia DECREASED BODY TEMPERATURE Hypothermia REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 11: Activity Tolerance and Fatigue EXERCISE AND ACTIVITY TOLERANCE Types of Exercise Physiologic and Psychological Responses of Exercise Assessment of Activity and Exercise Tolerance Exercise and Activity Tolerance in Older Adults ACTIVITY INTOLERANCE AND FATIGUE Mechanisms of Fatigue Acute Physical Fatigue Chronic Fatigue BED REST AND IMMOBILITY Physiologic Effects of Bed Rest Time Course of Physiologic Responses Psychosocial Responses Management of People Who Are Immobile or on Bed Rest REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT IV: Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity CHAPTER 12: Mechanisms of Infectious Disease INFECTIOUS DISEASES Terminology Agents of Infectious Disease MECHANISMS OF INFECTION Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Portal of Entry Source Symptomatology Disease Course Site of Infection Virulence Factors DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES Diagnosis Treatment BIOTERRORISM AND EMERGING GLOBAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES Bioterrorism Global Infectious Diseases REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 13: Innate and Adaptive Immunity THE IMMUNE RESPONSE Cytokines and Their Role in Immunity INNATE IMMUNITY Epithelial Barriers Cells of Innate Immunity Pathogen Recognition Soluble Mediators of Innate Immunity The Complement System ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY Antigens Cells of Adaptive Immunity B Lymphocytes and Humoral Immunity T Lymphocytes and Cellular Immunity Lymphoid Organs Active versus Passive Immunity Regulation of the Adaptive Immune Response DEVELOPMENTAL ASPECTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Transfer of Immunity from Mother to Infant Immune Response in the Older Adult References CHAPTER 14: Inflammation, Tissue Repair, and Wound Healing THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE Acute Inflammation Chronic Inflammation Systemic Manifestations of Inflammation TISSUE REPAIR AND WOUND HEALING Tissue Repair Wound Healing REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 15: Disorders of the Immune Response IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS Humoral (B Cell) Immunodeficiencies Cell-Mediated (T Cell) Immunodeficiencies Combined T-Cell and B-Cell Immunodeficiencies Disorders of the Complement System Disorders of Phagocytosis Stem Cell Transplantation HYPERSENSITIVITY DISORDERS Type I, Immediate Hypersensitivity Disorders Type II, Antibody-Mediated Disorders Type III, Immune Complex–Mediated Disorders Type IV, Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity Disorders Latex Allergy TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNOPATHOLOGY Mechanisms Involved in Transplant Rejection AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE Immunologic Tolerance Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Disease REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 16: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome THE AIDS EPIDEMIC AND TRANSMISSION OF HIV INFECTION Emergence of AIDS Transmission of HIV Infection PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL COURSE Molecular and Biologic Features of HIV Classification and Phases of HIV Infection Clinical Course PREVENTION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT Prevention Diagnostic Methods Treatment HIV INFECTION IN PREGNANCY AND IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Preventing Perinatal HIV Transmission Diagnosis of HIV Infection in Children Clinical Presentation of HIV Infection in Children REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT V: Disorders of Neural Function CHAPTER 17: Organization and Control of Neural Function NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS Neurons Neuroglial Cells Metabolic Requirements of Nervous Tissue NEUROPHYSIOLOGY Action Potentials Synaptic Transmission Messenger Molecules DEVELOPMENTAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Embryonic Development Segmental Organization STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN Spinal Cord The Brain THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Autonomic Efferent Pathways Sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System Central Integrative Pathways Autonomic Neurotransmission REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 18: Somatosensory Function, Pain, and Headache ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF SOMATOSENSORY FUNCTION Sensory Systems Sensory Modalities Clinical Assessment of Somatosensory Function PAIN Pain Theories Pain Mechanisms and Pathways Pain Threshold and Tolerance Types of Pain Assessment of Pain Management of Pain ALTERATIONS IN PAIN SENSITIVITY AND SPECIAL TYPES OF PAIN Alterations in Pain Sensitivity Special Types of Pain HEADACHE AND ASSOCIATED PAIN Headache Migraine Headache Cluster Headache Tension-Type Headache Chronic Daily Headache Temporomandibular Joint Pain PAIN IN CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS Pain in Children Pain in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 19: Disorders of Motor Function ORGANIZATION AND CONTROL OF MOTOR FUNCTION Organization of Movement The Motor Unit Spinal Reflexes Motor Pathways Assessment of Motor Function DISORDERS OF THE MOTOR UNIT Skeletal Muscle Disorders Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction Lower Motor Neuron Disorders Peripheral Nerve Disorders DISORDERS OF THE CEREBELLUM AND BASAL GANGLIA Disorders of the Cerebellum Disorders of the Basal Ganglia UPPER MOTOR NEURON DISORDERS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis Vertebral and Spinal Cord Injury REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 20: Disorders of Brain Function MANIFESTATIONS AND MECHANISMS OF BRAIN INJURY Manifestations of Brain Injury Mechanisms of Brain Injury TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY Primary and Secondary Brain Injuries Hematomas CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE Cerebral Circulation Stroke (Brain Attack) INFECTIONS AND NEOPLASMS Infections Brain Tumors SEIZURE DISORDERS Etiology Classification Diagnosis and Treatment Status Epilepticus Nonconvulsive Seizures REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 21: Sleep and Sleep Disorders NEUROBIOLOGY OF SLEEP Neural Structures and Pathways The Sleep–Wake Cycle Circadian Rhythms Melatonin SLEEP DISORDERS Diagnostic Methods Circadian Rhythm Disorders Insomnia Narcolepsy Sleep-Related Movement Disorders Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders Parasomnias SLEEP AND SLEEP DISORDERS IN CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Children Sleep and Sleep Disorders in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 22: Disorders of Thought, Emotion, and Memory PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Incidence and Prevalence The Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders Understanding Psychiatric Disorders TYPES OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS Schizophrenia Mood Disorders Anxiety Disorders Substance Use Disorders DISORDERS OF MEMORY AND COGNITION Normal Cognitive Aging Dementia REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT VI: Disorders of Special Sensory Function CHAPTER 23: Disorders of Visual Function DISORDERS OF THE ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE EYE Disorders of the Eyelids Disorders of the Lacrimal System DISORDERS OF THE CONJUNCTIVA, CORNEA, AND UVEAL TRACT Disorders of the Conjunctiva Disorders of the Cornea Disorders of the Uveal Tract The Pupil and Pupillary Reflexes INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE AND GLAUCOMA Control of Intraocular Pressure Glaucoma DISORDERS OF THE LENS AND LENS FUNCTION Disorders of Refraction and Accommodation Cataracts DISORDERS OF THE VITREOUS AND RETINA Disorders of the Vitreous Disorders of the Retina DISORDERS OF NEURAL PATHWAYS AND CORTICAL CENTERS Optic Pathways Visual Cortex Visual Fields DISORDERS OF EYE MOVEMENT Extraocular Eye Muscles and Their Innervation Strabismus Amblyopia Eye Examination in Infants and Children REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 24: Disorders of Hearing and Vestibular Function DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM Disorders of the External Ear Disorders of the Middle Ear and Eustachian Tube Disorders of the Inner Ear Disorders of the Central Auditory Pathways Hearing Loss DISORDERS OF VESTIBULAR FUNCTION The Vestibular System and Vestibular Reflexes Vertigo Motion Sickness Disorders of Peripheral Vestibular Function Disorders of Central Vestibular Function Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT VII: Disorders of the Hematopoietic System CHAPTER 25: Blood Cells and the Hematopoietic System COMPOSITION OF BLOOD AND FORMATION OF BLOOD CELLS Plasma Blood Cells Formation of Blood Cells (Hematopoiesis) DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Blood Count Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 26: Disorders of Hemostasis MECHANISMS OF HEMOSTASIS Vascular Constriction Formation of the Platelet Plug Blood Coagulation Clot Retraction Clot Dissolution HYPERCOAGULABILITY STATES Hypercoagulability Associated with Increased Platelet Function Hypercoagulability Associated with Increased Clotting Activity BLEEDING DISORDERS Bleeding Associated with Platelet Disorders Bleeding Associated with Coagulation Factor Deficiencies Bleeding Associated with Vascular Disorders Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 27: Disorders of Red Blood Cells THE RED BLOOD CELL Hemoglobin Synthesis Red Cell Production Red Cell Destruction Red Cell Metabolism and Hemoglobin Oxidation Laboratory Tests BLOOD TYPES AND TRANSFUSION THERAPY ABO Blood Groups Rh Types Blood Transfusion Reactions ANEMIA Blood Loss Anemia Hemolytic Anemias Anemias of Deficient Red Cell Production POLYCYTHEMIA Absolute Polycythemia—Primary Absolute Polycythemia—Secondary AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN RED BLOOD CELLS Red Cell Changes in the Neonate Red Cell Changes With Aging REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 28: Disorders of White Blood Cells and Lymphoid Tissues HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPHOID TISSUES Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) Bone Marrow and Hematopoiesis Lymphoid Tissues NONNEOPLASTIC DISORDERS OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS Neutropenia (Agranulocytosis) Infectious Mononucleosis NEOPLASTIC DISORDERS OF LYMPHOID AND HEMATOPOIETIC ORIGIN Malignant Lymphomas Leukemias Plasma Cell Dyscrasias REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT VIII: Disorders of Cardiovascular Function CHAPTER 29: Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular System ORGANIZATION OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Pulmonary and Systemic Circulations Volume and Pressure Distribution PRINCIPLES OF BLOOD FLOW Relationships between Blood Flow, Pressure, and Resistance Wall Tension, Radius, and Pressure Distention and Compliance THE HEART AS A PUMP Functional Anatomy of the Heart Cardiac Cycle Regulation of Cardiac Performance THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION AND CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW Blood Vessels Arterial System Venous System Local and Humoral Control of Blood Flow THE MICROCIRCULATION AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Structure and Function of the Microcirculation Capillary–Interstitial Fluid Exchange The Lymphatic System NEURAL CONTROL OF CIRCULATORY FUNCTION Autonomic Nervous System Regulation Central Nervous System Responses REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 30: Disorders of Blood Flow in the Systemic Circulation BLOOD VESSEL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Endothelial Cells Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells DISORDERS OF THE ARTERIAL CIRCULATION Hyperlipidemia Atherosclerosis Vasculitis Polyarteritis Nodosa Giant Cell Temporal Arteritis Arterial Disease of the Extremities Acute Arterial Occlusion Atherosclerotic Occlusive Disease Thromboangiitis Obliterans Raynaud Disease and Phenomenon Aneurysms Aortic Aneurysms Aortic Dissection DISORDERS OF THE VENOUS CIRCULATION Varicose Veins Chronic Venous Insufficiency Venous Thrombosis REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 31: Disorders of Blood Pressure Regulation THE ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE Mechanisms of Blood Pressure Regulation Blood Pressure Measurement HYPERTENSION Primary (Essential) Hypertension Systolic Hypertension Secondary Hypertension Malignant Hypertension High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents High Blood Pressure in Older Adults ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION Pathogenesis Etiology Diagnosis Treatment REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 32: Disorders of Cardiac Function DISORDERS OF THE PERICARDIUM Acute Pericarditis Pericardial Effusion and Cardiac Tamponade Constrictive Pericarditis CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Coronary Circulation Acute Coronary Syndrome Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease CARDIOMYOPATHIES Primary Cardiomyopathies Secondary Cardiomyopathies INFECTIOUS AND IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS Infective Endocarditis Rheumatic Heart Disease VALVULAR HEART DISEASE Hemodynamic Derangements Mitral Valve Disorders Aortic Valve Disorders HEART DISEASE IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN Embryonic Development of the Heart Fetal and Perinatal Circulation Congenital Heart Defects Kawasaki Disease REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 33: Disorders of Cardiac Conduction and Rhythm CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM Action Potentials Electrocardiography DISORDERS OF CARDIAC RHYTHM AND CONDUCTION Mechanisms of Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders Types of Arrhythmias and Conduction Disorders Diagnostic Methods Treatment REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 34: Heart Failure and Circulatory Shock HEART FAILURE Pathophysiology of Heart Failure Acute Heart Failure Syndromes Clinical Manifestations of Heart Failure Diagnosis and Treatment CIRCULATORY FAILURE (SHOCK) Pathophysiology of Circulatory Shock Cardiogenic Shock Hypovolemic Shock Distributive Shock Obstructive Shock Complications of Shock HEART FAILURE IN CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS Heart Failure in Infants and Children Heart Failure in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT IX: Disorders of Respiratory Function CHAPTER 35: Structure and Function of the Respiratory System STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Conducting Airways Lungs and Respiratory Airways Pulmonary Vasculature and Lymphatic Supply Innervation Pleura EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE LUNGS Basic Properties of Gases Ventilation and the Mechanics of Breathing Lung Volumes Pulmonary Function Studies Efficiency and the Work of Breathing EXCHANGE AND TRANSPORT OF GASES Ventilation Perfusion Mismatching of Ventilation and Perfusion Diffusion Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport CONTROL OF BREATHING Respiratory Center Regulation of Breathing Cough Reflex Dyspnea REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 36: Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms, and Childhood Disorders RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS The Common Cold Rhinosinusitis Influenza Pneumonias Tuberculosis Fungal Infections CANCER OF THE LUNG Histologic Subtypes and Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment RESPIRATORY DISORDERS IN CHILDREN Lung Development Manifestations of Respiratory Disorders or Infection in the Infant or Small Child Respiratory Disorders in the Neonate Respiratory Infections in Children REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 37: Disorders of Ventilation and Gas Exchange PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF VENTILATION AND DIFFUSION DISORDERS Hypoxemia Hypercapnia DISORDERS OF LUNG INFLATION Disorders of the Pleura Atelectasis OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISORDERS Physiology of Airway Disease Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bronchiectasis Cystic Fibrosis CHRONIC INTERSTITIAL (RESTRICTIVE) LUNG DISEASES Etiology and Pathogenesis of Interstitial Lung Diseases Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment Occupational and Environmental Interstitial Lung Diseases Sarcoidosis DISORDERS OF THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION Pulmonary Embolism Pulmonary Hypertension Cor Pulmonale ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISORDERS Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Acute Respiratory Failure REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT X: Disorders of Renal Function and Fluids and Electrolytes CHAPTER 38: Structure and Function of the Kidney KIDNEY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Gross Structure and Location Renal Blood Supply The Nephron Urine Formation Regulation of Renal Blood Flow Elimination Functions of the Kidney Endocrine Functions of the Kidney Action of Diuretics TESTS OF RENAL FUNCTION Urine Tests Glomerular Filtration Rate Blood Tests Cystoscopy Ultrasonography Radiologic and Other Imaging Studies REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 39: Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance COMPOSITION AND COMPARTMENTAL DISTRIBUTION OF BODY FLUIDS Dissociation of Electrolytes Diffusion and Osmosis Compartmental Distribution of Body Fluids Capillary–Interstitial Fluid Exchange SODIUM AND WATER BALANCE Body Water Balance Sodium Balance Mechanisms of Regulation Thirst and Antidiuretic Hormone Disorders of Sodium and Water Balance POTASSIUM BALANCE Regulation of Potassium Balance Disorders of Potassium Balance CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND MAGNESIUM BALANCE Mechanisms Regulating Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Balance Disorders of Calcium Balance Disorders of Phosphorus Balance Disorders of Magnesium Balance REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 40: Disorders of Acid–Base Balance MECHANISMS OF ACID–BASE BALANCE Acid–Base Chemistry Metabolic Acid and Bicarbonate Production Calculation of pH Regulation of pH Laboratory Tests DISORDERS OF ACID–BASE BALANCE Metabolic Versus Respiratory Acid–Base Disorders Compensatory Mechanisms Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 41: Disorders of Renal Function CONGENITAL AND INHERITED DISORDERS OF THE KIDNEYS Congenital Disorders of the Kidneys Inherited Cystic Kidney Diseases Simple and Acquired Renal Cysts OBSTRUCTIVE DISORDERS Mechanisms of Renal Damage Renal Calculi URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment Infections in Special Populations DISORDERS OF GLOMERULAR FUNCTION Etiology and Pathogenesis of Glomerular Injury Types of Glomerular Disease Glomerular Lesions Associated with Systemic Disease TUBULOINTERSTITIAL DISORDERS Renal Tubular Acidosis Pyelonephritis Drug-Related Nephropathies MALIGNANT TUMORS OF THE KIDNEY Wilms Tumor Renal Cell Carcinoma REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 42: Acute Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease ACUTE RENAL INJURY Types of Acute Renal Injury Diagnosis and Treatment CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE Definition and Classification Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Other Indicators of Renal Function Clinical Manifestations Treatment CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 43: Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract CONTROL OF URINE ELIMINATION Bladder Structure Neural Control of Bladder Function Diagnostic Methods of Evaluating Bladder Structure and Function ALTERATIONS IN BLADDER FUNCTION Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction and Stasis Neurogenic Bladder Disorders Urinary Incontinence CANCER OF THE BLADDER Etiology and Pathophysiology Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT XI: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function CHAPTER 44: Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Middle Gastrointestinal Tract Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Gastrointestinal Wall Structure MOTILITY Control of Gastrointestinal Motility Swallowing and Esophageal Motility Gastric Motility Small Intestinal Motility Colonic Motility and Defecation HORMONAL, SECRETORY, AND DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS Gastrointestinal Hormones Gastrointestinal Secretions Intestinal Flora DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION Carbohydrate Absorption Fat Absorption Protein Absorption REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 45: Disorders of Gastrointestinal Function COMMON MANIFESTATIONS OF GI DISORDERS ANOREXIA, NAUSEA, AND VOMITING Anorexia Nausea Retching and Vomiting DISORDERS OF THE ESOPHAGUS Congenital Anomalies Dysphagia Esophageal Diverticulum Tears (Mallory-Weiss Syndrome) Hiatal Hernia Gastroesophageal Reflux Cancer of the Esophagus DISORDERS OF THE STOMACH Gastric Mucosal Barrier Gastritis Peptic Ulcer Disease Cancer of the Stomach DISORDERS OF THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES Irritable Bowel Syndrome Inflammatory Bowel Disease Infectious Enterocolitis Diverticular Disease Appendicitis Alterations in Intestinal Motility Alterations in Intestinal Absorption Neoplasms REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 46: Disorders of Hepatobiliary and Exocrine Pancreas Function THE LIVER AND HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM Metabolic Functions of the Liver Bile Production and Cholestasis Bilirubin Elimination and Jaundice Tests of Hepatobiliary Function DISORDERS OF HEPATIC AND BILIARY FUNCTION Hepatotoxic Disorders Viral Hepatitis Autoimmune Hepatitis Intrahepatic Biliary Disorders Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease Cirrhosis, Portal Hypertension, and Liver Failure Cancer of the Liver DISORDERS OF THE GALLBLADDER AND EXOCRINE PANCREAS Disorders of the Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts Disorders of the Exocrine Pancreas REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 47: Alterations in Nutritional Status NUTRITIONAL STATUS Energy Metabolism Energy Storage Energy Expenditure NUTRITIONAL NEEDS Dietary Reference Intakes Nutritional Needs Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Storage OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY Body Mass Index Causes of Obesity Types of Obesity Health Risks Associated with Obesity Prevention and Treatment of Obesity UNDERNUTRITION AND EATING DISORDERS Malnutrition and Starvation Eating Disorders REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT XII: Disorders of Endocrine Function CHAPTER 48: Mechanisms of Endocrine Control THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Hormones Control of Hormone Levels Diagnostic Tests REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 49: Disorders of Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism GENERAL ASPECTS OF ALTERED ENDOCRINE FUNCTION Hypofunction and Hyperfunction Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Disorders PITUITARY AND GROWTH DISORDERS Assessment of Hypothalamic–Pituitary Function Pituitary Tumors Hypopituitarism Growth and Growth Hormone Disorders Isosexual Precocious Puberty THYROID DISORDERS Control of Thyroid Function Hypothyroidism Hyperthyroidism DISORDERS OF ADRENAL CORTICAL FUNCTION Control of Adrenal Cortical Function Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Adrenal Cortical Insufficiency Glucocorticoid Hormone Excess (Cushing Syndrome) Incidental Adrenal Mass REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 50: Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome HORMONAL CONTROL OF GLUCOSE, FAT, AND PROTEIN METABOLISM Glucose, Fat, and Protein Metabolism Glucose-Regulating Hormones DIABETES MELLITUS Classification and Etiology Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Tests Treatment Acute Complications of Diabetes Counter-Regulatory Mechanisms and the Somogyi Effect and Dawn Phenomenon Chronic Complications Infections REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT XIII: Disorders of Genitourinary and Reproductive Function CHAPTER 51: Structure and Function of the Male Genitourinary System STRUCTURE OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Embryonic Development Testes and Scrotum Genital Duct System Accessory Organs Penis SPERMATOGENESIS AND HORMONAL CONTROL OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION Spermatogenesis Hormonal Control of Male Reproductive Function NEURAL CONTROL OF SEXUAL FUNCTION AND CHANGES WITH AGING Neural Control Changes with Aging REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 52: Disorders of the Male Genitourinary System DISORDERS OF THE PENIS Congenital and Acquired Disorders Disorders of Erectile Function Cancer of the Penis DISORDERS OF THE SCROTUM AND TESTES Congenital and Acquired Disorders Infection and Inflammation Neoplasms DISORDERS OF THE PROSTATE Infection and Inflammation Hyperplasia and Neoplasms REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 53: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES External Genitalia Internal Genitalia MENSTRUAL CYCLE Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle Ovarian Follicle Development and Ovulation Endometrial Changes Cervical Mucus Changes Menopause BREASTS Structure and Function Changes During Pregnancy and Lactation REVIEW EXERCISES REFERENCES CHAPTER 54: Disorders of the Female Reproductive System DISORDERS OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA AND VAGINA Disorders of the External Genitalia Disorders of the Vagina DISORDERS OF THE CERVIX AND UTERUS Disorders of the Uterine Cervix Disorders of the Uterus DISORDERS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES AND OVARIES Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Ectopic Pregnancy Cancer of the Fallopian Tube Ovarian Cysts and Tumors DISORDERS OF PELVIC SUPPORT AND UTERINE POSITION Disorders of Pelvic Support Variations in Uterine Position MENSTRUAL DISORDERS Dysfunctional Menstrual Cycles Amenorrhea Dysmenorrhea Premenstrual Symptom Disorders DISORDERS OF THE BREAST Galactorrhea Mastitis Ductal Disorders Fibroadenoma and Fibrocystic Changes Breast Cancer INFERTILITY Male Factors Female Factors Assisted Reproductive Technologies REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 55: Sexually Transmitted Infections INFECTIONS OF THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts) Genital Herpes Molluscum Contagiosum Chancroid Granuloma Inguinale Lymphogranuloma Venereum VAGINAL INFECTIONS Candidiasis Trichomoniasis Bacterial Vaginosis VAGINAL–UROGENITAL–SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS Chlamydial Infections Gonorrhea Syphilis REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT XIV: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function CHAPTER 56: Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System BONY STRUCTURES OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM Bone Structures Bone Tissue Cartilage Hormonal Control of Bone Formation and Metabolism ARTICULATIONS AND JOINTS Tendons and Ligaments Types of Joints REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 57: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Trauma, Infection, Neoplasms INJURY AND TRAUMA OF MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES Athletic Injuries Soft Tissue Injuries Joint (Musculotendinous) Injuries Fractures Complications of Fractures and Other Musculoskeletal Injuries BONE INFECTIONS Osteomyelitis Tuberculosis of the Bone or Joint OSTEONECROSIS Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Treatment NEOPLASMS Characteristics of Bone Tumors Benign Neoplasms Malignant Bone Tumors Metastatic Bone Disease REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 58: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Developmental and Metabolic Disorders ALTERATIONS IN SKELETAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT Bone Growth and Remodeling Alterations during Normal Growth Periods Hereditary and Congenital Deformities Juvenile Osteochondroses Scoliosis METABOLIC BONE DISEASE Osteopenia Osteoporosis Osteomalacia and Rickets Paget Disease REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 59: Disorders of Musculoskeletal Function: Rheumatic Disorders SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE RHEUMATIC DISEASES Rheumatoid Arthritis Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Systemic Sclerosis/Scleroderma Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis SERONEGATIVE SPONDYLOARTHROPATHIES Ankylosing Spondylitis Reactive Arthropathies Psoriatic Arthritis Enteropathic Arthritis OSTEOARTHRITIS SYNDROME Epidemiology and Risk Factors Pathogenesis Clinical Manifestations Diagnosis and Treatment CRYSTAL-INDUCED ARTHROPATHIES Gout RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND OLDER ADULTS Rheumatic Diseases in Children Rheumatic Diseases in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References UNIT XV: Disorders of Integumentary Function CHAPTER 60: Structure and Function of the Skin STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE SKIN Skin Structures Skin Appendages Functions of the Skin MANIFESTATIONS OF SKIN DISORDERS Lesions and Rashes Pruritus Dry Skin Skin Variations in Dark-Skinned People REVIEW EXERCISES References CHAPTER 61: Disorders of Skin Integrity and Function PRIMARY DISORDERS OF THE SKIN Pigmentary Skin Disorders Infectious Processes Acne and Rosacea Allergic and Hypersensitivity Dermatoses Papulosquamous Dermatoses Arthropod Infestations ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, THERMAL, AND PRESSURE INJURY Skin Damage Caused by Ultraviolet Radiation Thermal Injury Pressure Ulcers NEVI AND SKIN CANCERS Nevi Skin Cancer AGE-RELATED SKIN MANIFESTATIONS Skin Manifestations of Infancy and Childhood Skin Manifestations and Disorders in Older Adults REVIEW EXERCISES References Appendix: Lab Values Glossary Index
