Porphyrin-based Supramolecular Architectures: From Hierarchy to Functions

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Monographs in Supramolecular Chemistry
Porphyrin-based Supramolecular Architectures: From Hierarchy to Functions
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Preface
Contents
1. Structural Design of Porphyrin-based MOFs
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Carboxylate Linkers
		1.2.1 Tetratopic Carboxylate Linkers
		1.2.2 Ditopic Carboxylate Linkers
		1.2.3 Hexatopic Carboxylate Porphyrin Linkers
		1.2.4 Octatopic Carboxylate Porphyrin Linkers
	1.3 Pyridinyl Porphyrin Linkers
		1.3.1 Tetratopic Pyridinyl Linkers
		1.3.2 Ditopic Pyridinyl Linkers
	1.4 Azole Porphyrin Linkers
		1.4.1 Tetratopic Pyrazolate Linkers
		1.4.2 Tetratopic Tetrazole Linkers
		1.4.3 Ditopic Imidazole Linkers
	1.5 Other Tetratopic Linkers
		1.5.1 Phosphonate Porphyrin Linkers
		1.5.2 Cyanoporphyrins
		1.5.3 Hydroxy Porphyrins
	1.6 Porphyrin Linkers
	References
2. Metalloporphyrins as Building Blocks to Supramolecular Architectures with Catalytic Functions
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Self-assembled Porphyrin Structures in Catalysis
		2.2.1 Confined Space Hydroformylation Catalysis
		2.2.2 Catalyst Stabilization and Size Selectivity in Confined Space
		2.2.3 Catalyst Stabilization and Lowering Overpotential in Confined Space
	2.3 Supramolecular Light Harvesting Porphyrin Assemblies – Chromophores
		2.3.1 Chromophore Organization
		2.3.2 Supramolecular Porphyrin Antennae
		2.3.3 Light Harvesting Using Supramolecular Polymer Assemblies of Porphyrins
		2.3.4 Supramolecular Scaffolds Pre-organizing Porphyrins
	2.4 Supramolecular Charge-separation with Porphyrin Assemblies – Charge-separation
		2.4.1 Discrete Supramolecular Charge-separation Assemblies
		2.4.2 Integrated Antenna/Charge-separation Assemblies
	2.5 Integrated Supramolecular Light-harvesting Porphyrin Catalyst Assemblies – Chromophore–Catalyst Assemblies
		2.5.1 Supramolecular Photochemical Proton Reduction
		2.5.2 Supramolecular Photochemical Water Oxidation
	2.6 Conclusion
	References
3. Design of Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Symmetry-guided Coordination Networks with Porphyrin Building Units
		3.2.1 Pyridyl-based Porphyrin Coordination Networks
		3.2.2 Self-assembly of Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks with Secondary Building Units
		3.2.3 Rod-packing Secondary Building Unit-based Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks
	3.3 Mixed-linker Approach for New Porphyrin-based Metal–Organic Frameworks
	3.4 Other Noteworthy Porphyrin-based Coordination Networks
		3.4.1 Coordination Networks Based on Sulfonate and Phosphonate-containing Porphyrin
		3.4.2 Self-assembly of Polyoxometalate-based Porphyrinic Coordination Networks
	3.5 Conclusions and Future Directions
	Abbreviations
	Acknowledgements
	References
4. Heterogeneous Catalysis of Porphyrin-based MOFs
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Catalysis of Cycloaddition Reactions
	4.3 Catalysis of Reactions Involving Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
	4.4 Other Reactions Catalyzed by Por-MOFs
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5. Porphyrin-encapsulating Metal–Organic Materials as Solid-state Mimics of Heme Enzymes
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Bioinspired Heme-based Materials
		5.1.2 Metal–Organic Framework Materials (MOFs)
		5.1.3 Metalloporphyrin-based Metal–Organic Materials
	5.2 Porphyrin-encapsulated
	5.3 MOMZymes: Porphyrin Encapsulated HKUST-1 MOFs
		5.3.1 MOMZymes II: Porphyrin-encapsulated MOM-XX MOFs
	5.4 Fe Protoporphyrin IX MOFs I: FePPIX@MIL101(Al)–NH2
		5.4.1 Fe Protoporphyrin IX MOFs II: FePPIX/Cu–MOF-74
		5.4.2 Fe Protoporphyrin IX MOFs III: FePPIX-encapsulated Zn MOF
	5.5 Summary and Future Perspectives
	Abbreviations
	References
6. Light Harvesting in Porphyrinbased Metal–Organic Frameworks
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Background of MOFs
	6.3 Introduction to PorMOFs
		6.3.1 PorMOFs with Pyridyl Binding Groups
		6.3.2 PorMOFs with Carboxylate Ligands
	6.4 Electronic and Photophysical Properties
		6.4.1 Energy Transfer
		6.4.2 Photo-induced Charge Transfer
		6.4.3 Charge Transfer in the Ground State
	6.5 Light-harvesting of PorMOFs
		6.5.1 Photocatalysis by PorMOFs
		6.5.2 Photoelectrochemical Processes in PorMOFs
		6.5.3 Electrocatalysis
	6.6 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
7. Nanoscale Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Photodynamic Therapy
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Applications of Porphyrinic nMOFs in PDT
		7.2.1 The Advantage of nMOFs as Photosensitizer Carriers
		7.2.2 Overcoming Tumor Hypoxia to Enhance Photodynamic Effect
		7.2.3 Improving the Method of Excitation to Enhance Photodynamic Effect
		7.2.4 PDT Combined with Immunotherapy for Metastatic Tumor Treatment
		7.2.5 Improving the Biosafety of Porphyrinic nMOFs in PDT
	7.3 Conclusion and Prospects
	References
8. Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Covalent Organic Frameworks: Pre-designable Structures and Tailor-made Materials
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Catalysis
		8.1.2 Adsorption
		8.1.3 Semiconductors
		8.1.4 Energy Storage
		8.1.5 Summary and Perspectives
	References
9. Catalysis via Porphyrin-based COFs
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Design and Description of Porphyrin COFs
		9.2.1 Structural Topology and Linkage Types
	9.3 Catalysis by Porphyrin-based COFs
		9.3.1 Catalytic Sites of Porphyrin COFs
		9.3.2 Catalysis Application of Porphyrin COFs
	9.4 Summary
	Abbreviations
	References
Subject Index