Porous Pavements Integrative Studies in Water Management and Land Development

Front cover......Page 1
Series Statement: Integrative Studies in Water Management and Land Development......Page 6
Foreword by Series Editor: Targeting Causes Rather Than Treating Symptoms......Page 8
PURPOSE AND NEED......Page 10
ARRANGEMENT AND CONTENT......Page 11
ADDITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION......Page 12
ROLES OF PRACTITIONERS......Page 13
References......Page 14
About the Author......Page 16
KIM SORVIG......Page 18
Table of Contents......Page 20
THE MAGNITUDE OF PAVEMENTS IN AMERICA......Page 22
ALTERNATIVE PATTERNS OF NEW DEVELOPMENTS......Page 26
WHERE NOT TO MAKE PAVEMENTS POROUS......Page 27
THE PROMISE OF CLEAN WATER......Page 28
THE PROMISE OF LONG-LIVED TREES......Page 31
THE PROMISE OF COOL CITIES......Page 36
THE PROMISE OF QUIET STREETS......Page 39
THE PROMISE OF SAFE DRIVING......Page 41
THE PROMISE OF REDUCING COST......Page 43
THE PROMISE OF MEETING DEVELOPMENT REGULATIONS......Page 44
THE PROMISE OF PRESERVING NATIVE ECOSYSTEMS......Page 45
THE PROMISE OF BEAUTY......Page 47
REFERENCES......Page 50
CONTENTS......Page 56
SURFACE AND BASE COURSES......Page 57
OVERLAY......Page 58
RESERVOIR......Page 59
LATERAL OUTLET......Page 61
POROUS AGGREGATE......Page 63
POROUS TURF......Page 64
OPEN-JOINTED PAVING BLOCKS......Page 66
POROUS CONCRETE......Page 68
POROUS ASPHALT......Page 69
SOFT PAVING MATERIALS......Page 70
EXAMPLES OF SELECTIVE APPLICATION......Page 72
CARDINAL RIDGE, MEDFORD, NEW JERSEY......Page 73
PIER A PARK, HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY......Page 76
MITCHELL CENTER ARENA, MOBILE, ALABAMA......Page 78
SELECTIVE APPLICATION......Page 79
PAVEMENT EDGES......Page 80
FURTHER CONSTRUCTION......Page 82
APPROPRIATE SPECIFICATION......Page 84
APPROPRIATE MAINTENANCE AND SIGNAGE......Page 86
TRADEMARKS......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 88
CONTENTS......Page 90
THE LOAD OF TRAFFIC ON PAVEMENT......Page 91
THE BEARING OF LOAD BY SUBGRADE......Page 92
SUBGRADE SOILS......Page 94
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE BEARING VALUE......Page 97
UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION......Page 98
SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT SUBGRADE SOILS......Page 100
THE STRUCTURAL ROLES OF PAVEMENT MATERIALS......Page 102
REQUIRED PAVEMENT THICKNESS......Page 105
FILTER LAYERS AND GEOTEXTILES......Page 107
COMPACTION......Page 110
CONSTRUCTION WITH LITTLE OR NO COMPACTIONS......Page 113
FROST DEPTH......Page 114
PROTECTION OF SUBGRADE......Page 117
PROTECTION OF PAVEMENT RESERVOIR......Page 119
EXPERIENCES IN COLD CLIMATES......Page 120
ADAPTATION TO SWELLING SUBGRADE......Page 124
ADAPTATION TO PLASTIC SUBGRADE......Page 126
SUPPORT OF PAVEMENT EDGES......Page 127
RESTRAINT OF FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT EDGES......Page 128
PROTECTION OF PAVEMENT EDGES......Page 130
TRADEMARKS......Page 132
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 136
CONTENTS......Page 140
SURFACE INFILTRATION RATE......Page 143
RUNOFF COEFFICIENT......Page 146
RUNOFF VELOCITY AND TIME TRAVEL......Page 148
SYMPHONY SQUARE, AUSTIN, TEXAS......Page 149
DISPOSITION OF WATER BELOW PAVEMENT SURFACE......Page 150
STORAGE CAPACITY......Page 152
EFFECTIVE STORAGE......Page 153
ALLOWABLE PONDING TIME......Page 156
RESERVOIR DISCHARGE THROUGH PERFORATED PIPE......Page 157
RESERVOIR-LIMITED DISCHARGE......Page 158
OBSERVATIONS IN NOTTINGHAM AND WHEATLEY, ENGLAND......Page 161
INFILTRATION INTO SUBGRADE......Page 163
SOIL INFILTRATION RATE......Page 164
INFILTRATION PONDING TIME AND RESERVOIR THICKNESS......Page 166
LATERAL DISCHARGE FOLLOWING PARTIAL INFILTRATION......Page 167
SUBSURFACE DISPOSITION OF INFILTRATED WATER......Page 169
WATERSHED DISCHARGE OF INFILTRATED WATER......Page 171
WATER-QUALITY TREATMENT......Page 173
CONSTITUENTS IN PAVEMENT STORMWATER......Page 175
CAPTURE OF SOLIDS AND ATTACHED METALS......Page 176
BIODEGRADATION OF OIL......Page 180
SUPPLEMENTAL TREATMENT BY SUBGRADE INFILTRATION......Page 181
CUMULATIVE RAINWATER INFILTRATION......Page 182
TRADEMARKS......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 186
CONTENTS......Page 192
VIABLE ROOTING MEDIA......Page 195
ROOTING VOLUME......Page 196
THE ROLE OF A PAVEMENT’S SURFACE COURSE......Page 198
STONE-SOIL MIXTURE (CORNELL STRUCTURAL SOIL)......Page 201
ESCS MIXTURES (ARNOLD AIR-ENTRAINED SOIL)......Page 205
SAND MIXTURE (AMSTERDAM TREE SOIL)......Page 208
PROVISIONS FOR ALL BASE-COURSE ROOTING MIXTURES......Page 210
SPECIAL TREATMENT AT THE TREE BASE......Page 213
TRADEMARKS......Page 215
REFERENCES......Page 216
CONTENTS......Page 220
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AGGREGATE MATERIALS......Page 221
PARTICLE SHAPE......Page 222
GRADATION......Page 223
BEARING STRENGTH......Page 227
STANDARD GRADATIONS OF MINERAL AGGREGATE......Page 228
DURABILITY OF MINERAL AGGREGATE......Page 230
SPECIFICATIONS FOR MINERAL AGGREGATE......Page 231
ESCS AGGREGATE MATERIALS......Page 232
DURABILITY OF ESCS AGGREGATES......Page 234
RECYCLED AGGREGATE MATERIALS......Page 235
APPROPRIATE SETTINGS......Page 236
APPROPRIATE SURFACE MATERIALS......Page 237
STABILIZATION AGGREGATE MATERIAL......Page 238
MAINTENANCE AGGREGATE SURFACES......Page 240
HERTY MALL, ATHENS, GEORGIA......Page 241
POROUS AGGREGATE SURFACES IN RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS......Page 243
MEDFORD, NEW JERSEY......Page 244
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK......Page 245
QUIET WATERS PARK, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND......Page 246
LINCOLN STREET STUDIO, COLUMBUS, OHIO......Page 248
RIVERBEND EAST, ATHENS, GEORGIA......Page 249
POROUS AGGREGATE SURFACES IN PLAYGROUNDS......Page 250
VANDERGRIFT PARK, ARLINGTON, TEXAS......Page 252
BARNES HOSPITAL, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI......Page 253
POROUS AGGREGATE BASE COURSES AND RESERVOIRS......Page 254
POROUS AGGREGATE FILTER LAYERS AND USE OF GEOTEXTILES......Page 256
AGGREGATE LAYER......Page 257
SEPARATION GEOTEXTILE......Page 258
TRADEMARKS......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
CONTENTS......Page 262
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TURF AND TRAFFIC......Page 264
TURFGRASS SPECIES AND VARIETIES......Page 266
WARM-SEASON GRASSES......Page 267
COOL-SEASON GRASSES......Page 269
THE USGA PROFILE......Page 271
THE CALIFORNIA PROFILE......Page 272
SAND-BASED ROOT ZONE MIXTURES......Page 273
TURFGRASS INSTALLATION......Page 275
BASE COURSE DRAINAGE, STABILITY, ROOTING......Page 276
IRRIGATION......Page 278
MOWING......Page 279
AERATION......Page 280
OVERSEEDING......Page 281
TRAFFIC CONTROL......Page 282
TURF INFILTRATION RATE......Page 283
SAND-BASED ROOT ZONES......Page 284
UNREINFORCED TURF FOR PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC......Page 285
SCOTT AMPHITHEATER, SWARTHMORE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA......Page 286
OTHER CLIMATES......Page 287
BIG TOP FLEA MARKET, FLORIDA......Page 289
MALL GEORGIA......Page 290
MUIRFIELD VILLAGE, OHIO......Page 292
OVERLAID MESHES......Page 293
EMBEDDED MATS......Page 295
INTEGRAL FIBERS......Page 296
LINO LAKES STATE BANK, MINNESOTA......Page 298
URBAN VENTURES SOCCER FIELD, MINNESOTA......Page 299
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 301
REFERENCES......Page 302
CONTENTS......Page 306
GEOCELL INSTALLATION......Page 307
MAINTENANCE COST......Page 308
GEOBLOCK......Page 310
RITZ-CARLTON HUNTINGTON HOTEL, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA......Page 311
REMOTE TRAILS, ALASKA AND WISCONSIN......Page 312
GRASSPAVE2......Page 316
ORANGE BOWL, MIAMI, FLORIDA......Page 318
WESTFARMS MALL, FARMINGTON, CONNECTICUT......Page 319
TRACE POINTE, CLINTON, MISSISSIPPI......Page 322
BLUE CROSS BLUE SHIELD, SOUTHFIELD, MICHIGAN......Page 323
GRASSROAD AND TUFFTRACK......Page 324
HYATT REGENCY HOTEL, LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA......Page 325
CALIFORNIA JPIA, LA PALMA, CALIFORNIA......Page 326
GRASSY PAVERS......Page 327
MEDGAR EVERS BUILDING, JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI......Page 328
RESIDENCE, SANTA MONICA, CALIFORNIA......Page 329
BURGER KING RESTAURANT, HENDERSON, NORTH CAROLINA......Page 330
GRAND CANYON TRUST, FLAGSTAFF, ARIZONA......Page 331
FROSTBURG STATE UNIVERSITY, FROSTBURG, MARYLAND......Page 333
NIGEL’S PITCH, MIDDLETOWN, RHODE ISLAND......Page 335
OTHER MODELS OF PLASTIC GEOCELLS......Page 338
STONE MOUNTAIN STATE PARK, GEORGIA......Page 339
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 342
CONTENTS......Page 344
THE CONCRETE PAVING BLOCK INDUSTRY......Page 345
BLOCKS OPEN-JOINTED SURFACES......Page 347
CONSTRUCTION OF OPEN-JOINTED BLOCK PAVEMENTS......Page 350
BASE BEDDING MATERIALS......Page 351
EDGE RESTRAINT......Page 352
CONTRAST POTENTIAL AGGREGATE GRADATIONS......Page 353
AGGREGATE CLOGGING RESTORATION......Page 355
VEGETATED JOINTS......Page 357
FACTORS BLOCK LAYER’S CONTRIBUTION STABILITY......Page 358
THE INTERACTION BLOCK-LAYER STABILITY INFILTRATION......Page 359
DRAINSTONE CONCRETE BLOCK......Page 360
ENGLISH PARK, ATLANTA, GEORGIA......Page 361
ECOLOC CONCRETE BLOCK......Page 363
ANNSVILLE CREEK PADDLESPORTS CENTER, CORTLAND, NEW YORK......Page 366
ECO-LOGIC CONCRETE BLOCK......Page 368
PIER A PARK, HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY......Page 369
ECO-STONE CONCRETE BLOCK......Page 370
MICKEL FIELD, WILTON MANORS, FLORIDA......Page 371
GIOVANNI DRIVE, WATERFORD, CONNECTICUT......Page 374
CASTAIC LAKE WATER CONSERVATORY, SANTA CLARITA, CALIFORNIA......Page 376
HARBOURFRONT FIRE STATION, TORONTO, ONTARIO......Page 377
SF-RIMA CONCRETE BLOCK......Page 379
ALDEN LANE NURSERY, LIVERMORE, CALIFORNIA......Page 381
FOREST HILL APARTMENTS, WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA......Page 383
MANUFACTURED CONCRETE SLABS......Page 384
CONCRETE RUBBLE SLABS......Page 385
WOODEN BLOCKS......Page 387
METAL PLATES......Page 388
NATURAL STONE......Page 389
BRICKS......Page 391
OPEN PATTERNS WITH RECTANGULAR PAVING BLOCKS......Page 393
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 394
REFERENCES......Page 397
CONTENTS......Page 402
THE CONCRETE GRID MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY......Page 403
CONSTRUCTION OF OPEN-CELLED GRID PAVEMENTS......Page 405
GRASS PERFORMANCE IN GRID CELLS......Page 407
VILLA DUCHESNE SCHOOL, SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI......Page 409
CHECKERBLOCK CONCRETE GRID......Page 410
SANDS POINT MUSEUM, SANDS POINT, NEW YORK......Page 412
GRASSCRETE CONCRETE GRID SLAB......Page 414
ANDERSON SCHOOL MANAGEMENT, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA......Page 415
FURMAN OFFICE, CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA......Page 416
MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAINT LOUIS, MISSOURI......Page 418
MONOSLAB CONCRETE GRID......Page 419
CHRISTIAN MEETING ROOM, GAHANNA, OHIO......Page 420
BALTIMORE ZOO, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND......Page 422
TURFSTONE CONCRETE GRID......Page 423
SAN LUIS BAY INN, AVILA BEACH, CALIFORNIA......Page 425
TUMWATER HISTORICAL PARK, OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON......Page 426
MUNICIPAL PARKING LOT, DAYTON, OHIO......Page 428
BLUE HERON, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND......Page 429
OPEN-CELLED PAVING BRICKS......Page 431
TRADEMARKS......Page 432
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 434
REFERENCES......Page 435
CONTENTS......Page 438
THE POROUS CONCRETE PAVING INDUSTRY......Page 439
COST POROUS CONCRETE......Page 442
HYDROLOGY OF POROUS CONCRETE......Page 443
RUNOFF......Page 445
WATER QUALITY......Page 446
CONSTITUENTS OF POROUS CONCRETE......Page 447
AGGREGATE......Page 448
PORTLAND CEMENT ITS SUPPLEMENTS......Page 449
ADMIXTURES......Page 450
SLAB SUBBASE......Page 451
ITS ALTERNATIVES......Page 452
CONTROL JOINTS......Page 453
EXPANSION JOINTS......Page 455
INSTALLER’S QUALIFICATIONS......Page 456
PROPORTIONING MIXTURE......Page 457
PLACEMENT CURING......Page 458
TESTING QUALITY CONTROL......Page 459
834 EAST OCEAN BOULEVARD, STUART, FLORIDA......Page 460
827 S.E. FIFTH STREET, STUART, FLORIDA......Page 461
HOBE SOUND SPRINKLERS, HOBE SOUND, FLORIDA......Page 462
COUNCIL ON AGING OF MARTIN COUNTY, STUART, FLORIDA......Page 463
JONES ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTER, NEWTON, GEORGIA......Page 464
SOUTHFACE INSTITUTE, ATLANTA, GEORGIA......Page 465
WEBB BRIDGE PARK, ALPHARETTA, GEORGIA......Page 468
POROUS CONCRETE ON THE WEST COAST......Page 469
TOWARD POROUS CONCRETE IN COLD CLIMATES......Page 471
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 473
REFERENCES......Page 474
CONTENTS......Page 478
ASPHALT CEMENT......Page 481
AGGREGATE......Page 482
PROPORTIONING MIXTURE......Page 483
FRANKLIN INSTITUTE, 1970–1972......Page 484
THE PROBLEM ASPHALT DRAIN-DOWN......Page 485
THE UNIVERSITY DELAWARE PROTOTYPE, 1973......Page 487
CONTEMPORARY CHANGES IN POROUS ASPHALT MIXTURES......Page 489
CONSTRUCTION OF POROUS ASPHALT PAVEMENT......Page 492
REQUIRED THICKNESS......Page 494
COST WITHOUT STORMWATER MANAGEMENT......Page 496
COST WITH STORMWATER MANAGEMENT......Page 497
COST TRADEOFFS PRACTICE......Page 498
POROUS ASPHALT HYDROLOGY......Page 500
DECLINE INFILTRATION RATE UNDER TRAFFIC LOAD......Page 501
DECLINE OF INFILTRATION RATE UNDER WINTER SANDING......Page 502
WATER-QUALITY EFFECTS......Page 503
POROUS ASPHALT MAINTENANCE AND REHABILITATION......Page 504
QUIET WATERS PARK, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND......Page 505
SIEMENS OFFICE, GREAT VALLEY, PENNSYLVANIA......Page 507
WALDEN POND STATE RESERVATION, CONCORD, MASSACHUSETTS......Page 509
MORRIS ARBORETUM, PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA......Page 514
RESIDENTIAL STREET, LULEÅ, SWEDEN......Page 515
RT. 87, CHANDLER, ARIZONA......Page 516
THE DEVELOPMENT OVERLAY TECHNOLOGY......Page 517
EFFECTS OF POROUS ASPHALT OVERLAYS ON SAFETY......Page 519
EFFECTS POROUS OVERLAYS ON NOISE......Page 520
EFFECTS OF POROUS OVERLAYS ON HYDROLOGY......Page 521
RECENT EXPERIENCE IN OREGON......Page 523
RECENT EXPERIENCE IN GEORGIA......Page 525
REFERENCES......Page 528
CONTENTS......Page 534
THE THEORY AND PRACTICE OF SOFTNESS......Page 535
WHERE TO USE SPS......Page 537
SAFETY AND ACCESSIBILITY OF LOOSE-FILL SURFACES......Page 538
SPS INSTALLATION......Page 539
CONSIDERATIONS FOR USE OF ORGANIC MATERIALS......Page 540
WOOD AND BARK MATERIALS......Page 541
EXAMPLES OF WOOD AND BARK MULCH INSTALLATIONS......Page 544
ENGINEERED WOOD FIBER......Page 546
ORGANIC CROP BY-PRODUCTS......Page 549
GRANULAR RECYCLED RUBBER......Page 550
REFERENCES......Page 556
CONTENTS......Page 560
DECKING AND ITS EFFECTS......Page 563
NATURAL WOOD IN DECK CONSTRUCTION......Page 565
DECAY-SUSCEPTIBLE SPECIES......Page 566
PLASTIC AND COMPOSITE LUMBER IN DECK CONSTRUCTION......Page 567
ON-GRADE DECKS......Page 568
CARPINTERIA MARSH, CARPINTERIA, CALIFORNIA......Page 569
1010 ON THE GREEN, ANCHORAGE, ALASKA......Page 570
ELEVATED DECKS......Page 571
CURBS AND RAILINGS......Page 572
ELM BROOK CROSSING, MINUTEMAN NATIONAL PARK, MASSACHUSETTS......Page 575
ARCADIA SANCTUARY, EASTHAMPTON, MASSACHUSETTS......Page 577
COLUMBUS ZOO, COLUMBUS, OHIO......Page 578
RIVERWALK, JACKSONVILLE, FLORIDA......Page 579
THE LANDINGS, SKIDAWAY ISLAND, GEORGIA......Page 580
PUNCHEON BOARDWALKS IN ALASKA......Page 581
JAPANESE GARDEN, MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN, SAINT LOUIS......Page 582
TRADEMARKS......Page 583
REFERENCES......Page 586
Index......Page 588
Back cover......Page 600