Popular Music in America: The Beat Goes On

Cover
Contents
Preface
About the Author
Intro
Unit 1: Points of Entry
	Chapter 1: Melody in Popular Music
		The Riff, a Historical Perspective
		Melody in Twenty-First-Century Popular Music
	Chapter 2: Rhythm
		Three Meanings of "Beat"
		From Melody to Rhythm
		"Beat" and Rhythm
	Chapter 3: The Sounds of Popular Music
		Sources of Instrumental Sounds in Popular Music
		Performance Style
		The New Sound World of Twenty-First-Century Popular Music
	Chapter 4: Behind the Scenes: Harmony, Texture, and Form
		Harmony
		Texture
		Form
	Chapter 5: Musical Style in Popular Music
		Style in Music
		Melody, Rhythm, Sound
Unit 2: The Beginnings of American Popular Music
	Chapter 6: Sources of Popular Music
		African Influences
		Folk Music from the British Isles
		Upper- and Middle-Class European Music
		American Popular Music, from Sources to Syntheses
	Chapter 7: The Parlor Song
		Cultural Life in Early Nineteenth-Century America
		Stephen Foster and the Parlor Song
	Chapter 8: Minstrelsy
		The Minstrel Show
		Dan Emmett and Music for the Minstrel Show
		Routes to Popularity: Written and Oral Traditions
		Social Acceptance and Synthesis
		Minstrelsy and American Popular Music
		The Popular Music Industry
	Chapter 9: Popular Song at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
		Tin Pan Alley
		Waltz Songs
		Stage Entertainment
	Chapter 10: The Concert Band
		The Concert Band
		Sousa and the Concert Band
		Stars and Stripes Forever, a Famous March
Unit 3: The Emergence of Black Music
	Chapter 11: Ragtime
		Ragtime Emerges
		Scott Joplin
		The Sound of the Piano Rag
		Ragtime Enters Popular Culture
		The Legacy of Ragtime
		Ragtime as a Catalyst for Change
	Chapter 12: Syncopated Dance Music
		Ragtime Dance
		James Reese Europe and the Foxtrot
		Syncopating the Mainstream
	Chapter 13: Early Commercial Blues
		The First Commercial Blues Styles
		Classic Blues
		The Legacy of Blues Style
	Chapter 14: Early Jazz
		The Roots of Jazz
		The New Orleans Jazz Band
		King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band
		The Essence of Jazz: Swing and Improvisation
		Louis Armstrong: Jazz as a Soloist's Art
		Jazz in America during the 1920s
Unit 4: Popular Song in the Modern Era
	Chapter 15: The Early Modern Era: Music, Society, and Technology
		Sex, Booze, and All That Jazz
		The First Technological Revolution: From Radio to Talking Pictures
		The Modern Era in Popular Music
	Chapter 16: The New Rhythms of Popular Song
		The New Rhythms of Popular Song
		Dance Fads of the 1920s
		The Dance Orchestras of the 1920s
		Rhythm Songs
		Song and Dance
	Chapter 17: The Integration of Popular Song
		The Record and Recording
		A New Kind of Popular Song
		AABA Form
		Jean Goldkette's Orchestra
		The New Sounds of Modern-Era Popular Song
	Chapter 18: Mainstreaming the Blues
		The 1920s, a Breakthrough for Black Musicians
		Mainstreaming the Blues
		Blues in Popular Song
	Chapter 19: Popular Singing after 1930
		Bing Crosby: Quintessential Crooner
		Billie Holiday and Song Interpretation
	Chapter 20: Popular Song on Stage and Screen
		Musical Stage Entertainment in the 1920s
		The Innovations of Show Boat
		The Acceptance of the Modern Popular Song
Unit 5: The Swing Era
	Chapter 21: Big-Band Swing
		The Sound of Big-Band Swing
		Swing Rhythm and the Rhythm Sections
		Fletcher Henderson and the Roots of Big-Band Swing
		Swing as Popular Music
		Swing and Sweet
	Chapter 22: Jazz in the Swing Era
		Small-Group Jazz in the Swing Era
		Benny Goodman
		Goodman, Music, and Race
		Count Basie: Improvisation in Big-Band Swing
		Duke Ellington, Painter in Sound
Unit 6: Blues and Black Gospel Come in from the Outskirts, 1925-1950
	Chapter 23: Country Blues
		The Roots of the Blues
		The Blues and African Culture
		The Life of a Bluesman: Blind Willie McTell
		Blind Lemon Jefferson: "Old-Fashioned Blues"
		The Sound of Country Blues in the Delta: Robert Johnson
	Chapter 24: Good Time Blues
		Hokum
		Boogie-Woogie
	Chapter 25: Black Gospel
		Black Gospel Music
		The Early Years of Gospel
		Male Quartets
		Female Gospel Soloists
		Gospel Harmony
Unit 7: Country and Folk Music Come in from the Outskirts
	Chapter 26: The Emergence of Country Music
		The Emergence of Country Music
		Ralph Peer and the Business of Country Music
		Vernon Dalhart and Country Music's First Big Hit
		"The Prisoner's Song"
		Success versus Identity in Country Music
	Chapter 27: Country Music's Seminal Acts
		The Carter Family
		Jimmie Rodgers
		Country Music: Tradition versus Innovation
	Chapter 28: Putting the "Western" in Country Music
		The Boundaries of Country Music
		Horse Operas
		Putting the Swing in Country Music
		The Expansion of Country Music
	Chapter 29: Folk Music in the 1930s and 1940s
		Woody Guthrie and Contemporary Folk Music
		"Do-Re-Mi"
		Relocating Folk Music
		Lead Belly, an Authentic Songster
		From Folk to Pop
		"Goodnight, Irene"
	Chapter 30: Honky-Tonk
		Country Music after 1945
		Hank Williams
		"Lovesick Blues"
		Kitty Wells and the Heart of Country Music
		Honky-Tonk and the Evolution of Country Music
	Chapter 31: Bluegrass, a Neo-Traditional Style
		Bill Monroe and the Birth of Bluegrass
Unit 8: Latin Music in the United States, 1900s-1950s
	Chapter 32: Latin Music in the United States, 1900-1940
		Latin Music in the United States
		The Assimilation of Latin Music
		The Habanera and Tango
		Mainstreaming Latin Music
		The Rumba
		Americanized Latin Music: Cugat, Porter, and the Latin Song
		American versus Latin Rhythms
	Chapter 33: Mambo: A Latin/American Fusion
		The Mambo
Unit 9: Popular Music Matures: Musical Theater, Modern Jazz, and Song Interpretation
	Chapter 34: The Golden Age of Musical Theater
		Rodgers and Hammerstein and the Golden Age of Musical Theater
		South Pacific
		Beyond the Broadway Musical: West Side Story
		Leonard Bernstein
		West Side Story
		"Cool" and the Innovations of West Side Story
		Golden Age Musicals
	Chapter 35: Modern Jazz
		Bop: A Music of Liberation
		Charlie Parker and "Salt Peanuts"
		Jazz as Art
		The Modern Jazz Quartet: Jazz as Concert Music
		Modern Jazz = Jazz
	Chapter 36 Popular Song Interpretation
		Song Interpretation
		Nat Cole
		Frank Sinatra
Unit 10: Rhythm and Blues, 1946-1954
	Chapter 37: The Emergence of Rhythm and Blues
		Black Social and Economic Issues in the 1950s
		Jump Bands
		"Choo Choo Ch'Boogie"
		Big-Beat Rhythm and Blues
	Chapter 38: Electric Blues
		Muddy Waters
		The Sound of Electric Blues
		"(I'm Your) Hoochie Coochie Man"
	Chapter 39: Early Doo-Wop
		The Sound of Upbeat Doo-Wop
		Doo-Wop: Voices as Instruments
		Cover Versions and Commercial Success
Unit 11: Rock and Roll
	Chapter 40: Rock and Roll Begins
		Teens in the 1950s
		The Beginnings of Rock and Roll
		Bill Haley’s "Rock around the Clock"
		The First Rock and Roll Record?
	Chapter 41: Elvis Presley
		Elvis Presley: The First Rock-and-Roll Star
		Elvis at Sun
		Rockabilly
		Elvis in Hollywood
		The King of Rock and Roll?
	Chapter 42: The Architects of Rock and Roll
		Little Richard
		Chuck Berry
		The Evolution of Rock and Roll
	Chapter 43: Buddy Holly and the Viral Evolution of Rock and Roll
		The Viral Evolutionof Rock and Roll
		Buddy Holly
		Beyond the Dance Floor in Holly’s "Not Fade Away"
		The Day the Music Died
	Chapter 44: Doo-Wop in the Late 1950s
		Gospel's Influence on Rhythm and Blues
		Slow Doo-Wop
		The Producer in the Early Rock Era
		Leiber and Stoller
		The Coasters
		Doo-Wop and Black Pop
	Chapter 45: R&B Solo Singing in the Late 1950s
		Solo Singers
		Ray Charles
		"What'd I Say"
	Chapter 46: Rock and Rhythm and Blues in the Early 1960s
		The Adolescence of Rock: The Early Sixties
		The Shirelles and the Rise of Girl Groups
		Surf Music
		The Beach Boys
Unit 12: The Rock Revolution: 1964-1970
	Chapter 47: The Rock Revolution: A Historical Perspective
		Social and Cultural Change in the 1960s
		Rock: A Revolutionary Music
		The New Sounds of Rock
		Rock Attitudes and the Musical Message
		The Ascendancy of Rock
	Chapter 48: Bob Dylan Makes Rock Matter
		From Folk to Rock
		Dylan Rocks
		The Importance of Bob Dylan
	Chapter 49: The Beatles
		Beatlemania and the British Invasion
		The Musical Evolution of the Beatles
		"A Hard Day's Night"
		Dylan-Inspired Seriousness (and Humor) in "Eleanor Rigby"
		The Sound World of the Beatles in "A Day in the Life"
		The Legacy of the Beatles
	Chapter 50: Motown
		The Motown Pyramid
		The Motown Sound
		The Supremes
		Marvin Gaye
		Motown: Updating Black Pop
	Chapter 51: Rock
		Group-Oriented Rock and the Rolling Stones
		The Rolling Stones "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"
		Solo-Oriented Rock and Jimi Hendrix
	Chapter 52: Soul
		Soul and Black Consciousness
		Soul Music
		James Brown
		Aretha Franklin
		The Decline and Legacy of Soul
	Chapter 53: San Francisco and the Diversity of Rock
		Acid Rock and Jefferson Airplane
		The Decline of Psychedelia
		Down to Earth: Janis Joplin and the Blues
Unit 13: Rock and R&B after 1970
	Chapter 54: Commerce and Technology in 1970s Rock
		The Business of Rock
		The New Mainstream
		Elton John and the Expansion of Mainstream Rock
	Chapter 55: Rock in the Early 1970s
		The Who
		Led Zeppelin
		Heavy Metal and Early 1970s Rock
		A Timeless Music
	Chapter 56: Black Pop in the 1970s
		Stevie Wonder
		The Sound of Philadelphia
		The O'Jays
	Chapter 57: Gender, Art, and the Boundaries of Rock
		The Singer-Songwriters
		Elevating the Feminine
		Joni Mitchell
		Glam Rock: Rock as Spectacle and Artifice
		David Bowie/Ziggy Stardust
		Stretching Rock's Boundaries
	Chapter 58: Steely Dan and the Art of Recording
		Steely Dan
Unit 14:  New Trends of the Late 1970s
	Chapter 59: Funk
		From Soul to Funk: Sly and the Family Stone
		George Clinton and Funk
		Earth, Wind & Fire and a Black Music Synthesis
	Chapter 60: Reggae
		Jamaican Independence and Social Unrest
		Rastafarianism
		Rhythm and Blues and Jamaican Popular Music
		From Ska to Reggae
		Jimmy Cliff and the Sound of Reggae
		Bob Marley and 1970s Reggae
		Reggae as an International Music
	Chapter 61: Disco
		From Discotheques to Disco
		Donna Summer: The Queen of Disco
		The Village People: Disco out of the Closet
		Disco: Culture, Reception, and Influence
	Chapter 62: Punk
		The Roots of Punk
		The Power of Punk
		The Sex Pistols
	Chapter 63: Punk Reverberations
		New Wave
		The Talking Heads
		The Clash and the Evolution of Punk
		The Reverberations of Punk
Unit 15: Latin Music since 1960
	Chapter 65: Tejano Music
		The Characteristic Instruments of Tejano Music
		Flaco Jimenez
		The Range of Tejano Music
	Chapter 64: The Bossa Nova and Brazilian Music
		Music from Brazil
		Bossa Nova and Its Impact
	Chapter 66: Salsa and Tropical Latin Music
		The Sound of Traditional Salsa in the 1970s
		Salsa, Tradition, and the Marketplace
		Tropical Latin and Gloria Estefan
Unit 16: Country Music in the Rock Era
	Chapter 67: Countrifying Rock
		Roy Orbison
		Country and Rock in the 1960s
		The Eagles and the Rise of Country Rock
	Chapter 68: The Outsiders
		Inside and Outside in Country Music
		Merle Haggard
		The Outlaws: Waylon Jennings and Willie Nelson
	Chapter 69: Country Royalty
		George Jones and Tammy Wynette
		Singing with Feeling
		The Nashville Sound
		The Growth of Country Music
	Chapter 70: The Explosion of Country Music
		The New Traditionalists
		George Strait
		Alabama
		Putting the New in New Traditional Country
	Chapter 71: Country, Pop, and Glamour
		Dolly Parton and the Pursuit of Pop Success
		The Dixie Chicks and a Country Perspective on Rock
		Taylor Swift and "Cosmetic" Country
Unit 17: Electronica and Rap
	Chapter 72: The Digital Revolution
		Digital Audio
		The New Digital Technologies
		A Digital Democracy
	Chapter 73: Early Electronica
		The Antecedents of Electronica
		Ambient Music, the First Significant Electronic Style
		Music for Dancing, Places to Dance
		Mixes
		Early Electronica "No UFO's"
	Chapter 74: Electronica and the Mainstream
		Electronica as a Popular Music: Moby
		Deconstructing Popular Song
	Chapter 75: Early Rap
		Rap
		Forerunners of Rap
		Rap and African-American Culture
		Rap and Hip-Hop
		Grandmaster Flash: Messages and Techniques
		Public Enemy: Rap as a Political Music
	Chapter 76: Mainstreaming Rap
		The Case of Gangsta Rap
		Tupac Shakur
		Eminem and the Mainstreaming of Rap
Unit 18: Beyond Rock in the 1980s
	Chapter 77: Beyond Rock
		New Directions in the 1980s
		New Sounds and Rhythms
		"Insider/Outsider" Fusions
		MTV and Music Videos
	Chapter 78: Pop in the Eighties
		Pop in the 1980s
		Michael Jackson
		Madonna
	Chapter 79: Post-Punk/Post-Disco Fusions: The Music of Prince
		"Sign 'O' the Times"
	Chapter 80: The Maturation of Black Pop
		The New Black Pop
		Tina Turner
		Race and Romance in Popular Music
	Chapter 81: Punk-Inspired Pop
		Van Halen
	Chapter 82: Significant Rock
		Making Rock Relevant
		Bruce Springsteen
		U2
		Significant-Sounding Rock
	Chapter 83: Renewing Rock and Roll
		Neo-Traditional Trends of the Eighties
		John Mellencamp
Unit 19: Alternatives
	Chapter 84: From Punk to Alternative
		The Alternative Movement
		Early Alternative Rock
		The Persistence of Punk
		Sonic Youth
	Chapter 85: Other Alternatives: Heavy Metal and Alternative Fusions in the 1980s
		The Revival of Heavy Metal
		Metallica
		Alternatives beyond Punk: Infusions of Funk, Rap, and Heavy Metal
		The Red Hot Chili Peppers
	Chapter 86: Alienation
		Grunge
		Radiohead: The New Art Rock of the Nineties
		Alienation and Fragmentation
	Chapter 87: Women's Voices
		Ani DiFranco
Unit 20: Popular Music in the Twenty-First Century
	Chapter 88: The "Death" and Transfiguration of the Music Industry
		The "Comprehensive" Era
	Chapter 89: Sound Innovations of the 1990s
		Sound Parameters
		Genres and Generations: Popular Music in the Twenty-First Century
	Chapter 90: A Twenty-First-Century Sound
		Mainstreaming Sound in the Twenty-First Century
Glossary
Photo Credits
Index