Popular Medicinal Plants in Portland and Kingston, Jamaica

Preface
Preface to the First Edition
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Chapter 1: Introduction
	Geographic location of research
	Research methodology
		Ethnobotanical interviews
		Plant collection and identification
		Data analysis and selection of plant species for the monographs in this work
		Review of the scientific literature and criteria for inclusion and exclusion
		Organization of the information in the monographs
	How to use this book
	Future studies
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 2: Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Asphodelaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 3: Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 4: Antigonon leptopus Hook. & Arn. (Polygonaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people):
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 5: Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 6: Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg (Moraceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 7: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 8: Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 9: Citrus × aurantium L. (Rutaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 10: Clinopodium brownei (Sw.) Kuntze (Lamiaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 11: Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 12: Crescentia cujete L. (Bignoniaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 13: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 14: Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Amaranthaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 15: Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 16: Jatropha gossypiifolia L. (Euphorbiaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 17: Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 18: Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 19: Petiveria alliacea L. (Phytolaccaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 20: Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (Myrtaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 21: Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	References
Chapter 22: Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Fabaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 23: Senna occidentalis (L.) Link (Fabaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 24: Solanum torvum Sw. (Solanaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 25: Turnera ulmifolia L. (Passifloraceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Chapter 26: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae)
	Botanical characteristics and propagation
	Where to find the plant
	Part used
	Jamaican cultural uses and beliefs
	Jamaican medicinal uses
		Major uses (mentioned by more than 20% of people)
		Minor uses (mentioned by more than 5% of people, but less than 20%)
	Reported medicinal uses across the Caribbean
	Reported medicinal uses across the world
	Clinical efficacy studies in humans
		Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy
		Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)
		Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)
		Metabolic syndrome
		Gastrointestinal conditions
	Safety information
		Side effects
		Toxicology
		Contraindications
		Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding
		Drug interactions
	Recommendations
	Selected bibliography
Common Plant Name Index
Index of Plant Names and Health Conditions