Polymers for Packaging and Containers in Food Industry

Contents
......Page 6
Introduction......Page 12
1.1 The nutritive value of foodstuffs......Page 16
1.2 Methods and technology of preserving food products and raw materials......Page 20
1.3 Technology of preserving the quality of foodstuffs in manufacturing, transportation and sales......Page 28
1.4.1 General information on chemical food preservatives......Page 35
1.4.2 Mechanism of action of chemical preservatives......Page 37
1.4.3 Characteristics and application of chemical preservatives......Page 39
1.4.4 Methods for identification of preservatives......Page 45
1.4.5 Fat antioxidants......Page 46
1.4.6 Effect of oxidation on the food value of fats......Page 55
1.4.7 Inhibition of autooxidation processes......Page 57
1.4.8 Characteristics and application of antioxidants and synergists......Page 60
1.4.9 Comparative efficiency, methods of treatment and admissible concentrations of antioxidants......Page 74
1.4.10 Methods for identification of antioxidants......Page 76
2.1 Food polymers......Page 82
2.2 Hygienic characteristics of packaging materials' components......Page 86
2.3 Methods of packaging foodstuffs......Page 93
3.1 Internal stresses in coatings using cellulose......Page 116
3.2.1 Justification of the composition of the coating......Page 120
3.2.2 Copolymer-based coatings......Page 123
3.2.3 Coatings based on lacquer compositions......Page 126
3.2.4 Design of heat sealed seams......Page 129
3.2.5 Justification of the choice of solvent......Page 132
3.2.6 Wetting of hydrated cellulose film with some organic solvents and solutions of SVN-80 on the basis of these solvents......Page 134
3.2.7 Working-out of an optimal process regime for producing cellophane SVN-80......Page 136
3.3 Modification of cellulose diacetate for packaging materials......Page 138
3.4 Interaction of cellulose with water......Page 141
4.1 Bases of the formation of protective and decorative finish coatings......Page 144
4.2 Application of aqueous dispersions of polymers for finishing products......Page 150
4.3 The formation mechanism, structure and properties of finishing packaging materials from aqueous dispersions......Page 156
4.4 Characteristics of finishing packaging materials......Page 162
4.5 Aqueous dispersions of polymers for finishing coatings, offset papers and inks......Page 165
4.6 Properties of finishing coatings from aqueous dispersions of acrylic polymers......Page 169
4.7 Specifics of forming coatings on paper and offprints......Page 188
5.1 Purpose of canning containers......Page 192
5.2 Field of application and efficiency of use......Page 194
5.3 Requirements to the properties of coatings for canning containers......Page 195
5.4 Coatings for protection of canning containers......Page 197
5.5 Compositions based on oligomer systems......Page 200
5.6 Oleo-resinous lacquers......Page 202
5.7 Polyvinyl chloride-based lacquers......Page 203
5.8 Oligoesters and water-base, water-soluble and water-dispersion binders......Page 204
5.9 Compositions with high dry residue and ink powders......Page 206
5.10 Coatings for protection of the outer surface of canning containers......Page 207
6.1 Ways of improving the protective properties of coatings......Page 212
6.2 Effect of the nature of the support on the structure and properties of coatings......Page 213
6.3 Structure formation in solutions of epoxyphenol compositions and the properties of coatings......Page 214
6.4 Dependence of the properties of can lacquers on the structure of phenol-formaldehyde oligomers......Page 219
6.5 Fields of application of canning containers and methods of their modification......Page 223
6.6 Structure and properties of coatings based on epoxy oligomers......Page 227
6.7 Technology of producing protective polymer coatings......Page 230
6.8 Specific features of forming epoxyphenol coatings for canning containers......Page 233
7.1 Coatings with enhanced adhesion to aluminium and its alloys......Page 242
7.2 The role of solvent in the formation of the properties of coatings for canning containers......Page 243
7.3 Effect of the nature of epoxy oligomers on the properties of coatings......Page 247
7.4 Water-base compositions for protection of canning containers......Page 248
7.5 Modification of polyvinyl chloride compositions by thermoplastics......Page 251
7.6  Effect of the structure of the block copolymer chain on the properties of coatings......Page 252
7.7 Development of the method for improving the protective properties of polyvinyl chloride compositions by modification with block copolymers......Page 253
7.8 Studies of the relaxation properties of coatings from polyvinyl chloride compositions modified by thermoplastics......Page 257
7.9 Modified perchlorovinyl coatings with increased shelf-life......Page 260
8.1 Purpose and fields of application......Page 264
8.2 Methods of forming metallized layers on polymer materials......Page 265
8.3 Protective coatings for metallized materials......Page 269
8.4 Methods of modifying the structure and properties of epoxy coatings......Page 271
8.5 Protective coatings from copolymers of regular structure......Page 275
8.6.1 Combined material based on polyethylene, paper and aluminium foil......Page 278
8.6.2 Hermeticity of polymer packaging......Page 280
8.6.3 Coextruded polyethylene films for packaging dairy produce and their quality indices......Page 283
9.1 Purpose and production of multilayer materials......Page 288
9.2 Prospects of using metallized packaging materials......Page 293
9.3 Polymer films as the base for metallization......Page 295
9.4 Methods of modifying the properties of films......Page 299
9.5 Structure and properties of film materials......Page 301
9.6 Ways of protecting metallized packaging materials......Page 304
9.7 Effect of modification on the properties of protective coatings from epoxy compositions......Page 305
9.8 Technology of producing protective coatings with improved performance properties......Page 309
9.9 Ways of thixotropic decrease of internal stresses in the formation of coatings from polymer dispersions for finishing of packaging materials......Page 310
9.10 Modification of finishing dispersions for paper and offprints by polymer systems......Page 316
9.11 Combined packaging materials with increased protective properties......Page 324
9.12 Effect of pH of the medium on the specific features of structure formation and the properties of coatings from polymer dispersions......Page 326
9.13 Polyurethane chemically resistant coatings for protection of container and packaging materials......Page 332
9.14 Protective polyurethane coatings and adhesive compounds......Page 336
10.1 Problems of storage of agricultural raw materials and foodstuffs......Page 344
10.2 Selectively permeable polymer materials......Page 345
10.3 Effect of diffusion characteristics of polymer materials on the formation of a gas medium......Page 346
10.5 Efficiency of using polymer materials and protective coatings in long-time storage of fruits......Page 351
11.1 Corrosion resistance of coatings for transport containers......Page 356
11.2 Structural conversions in hardening of thermosetting oligomers......Page 357
11.3 Formation kinetics of coatings from polymerization oligomers......Page 362
11.4 Causes of internal stresses in formation of coatings......Page 368
11.5 Effect of the nature of hardener and initiator on the formation and properties of coatings for transport containers......Page 377
11.6 Biodeterioration of container/packaging materials......Page 392
11.7 Effect of the polymerization initiation method on the formation and properties of coatings for transport containers......Page 398
11.8 Studies of the possibility of using stabilized radicals in protective coatings......Page 406
12.1 Coatings based on Ftorlon copolymers......Page 412
12.2 Structure of modified Ftorlon coatings......Page 413
12.3 Coatings based on modified and ladder polyphenyl sesquioxanes......Page 414
12.4 Photohardenable epoxy acrylates for protection of transport containers......Page 416
12.5 Physicochemical bases of developing photohardenable coatings......Page 417
12.6 Photochemical processes and structural transformations in formation of coatings under the action of ultraviolet light......Page 421
12.7 Properties of epoxy acrylate coatings for transport containers......Page 432
12.8 Biocidal coatings based on styromal......Page 436
13.1.1 Methods of protecting storage tanks for potable 96% ethyl alcohol......Page 442
13.1.2 Objects and methods of studies......Page 443
13.1.3 Results of studies......Page 444
13.1.4 Technology of anticorrosion protection of the inner surface of ethyl alcohol storage tanks......Page 447
13.2 Bactericidal wear-resistant coatings for storage and processing of grain and grain products......Page 451
13.3.1 Modified coatings of tanks for storage of vegetable oil......Page 455
13.3.2 Results of tests......Page 459
13.4 Food-grade coatings resistant to the action of sign-variable temperatures......Page 463
14.1 Methods of utilization of packaging materials......Page 466
14.3 Photodegradable polymers......Page 467
14.4 Modified photodegradable polymers......Page 469
14.5 Principles of developing modifiers for biodegradable materials......Page 473
14.6.1 Secondary plastic raw materials in the public reproduction process......Page 475
14.6.2 Sources and turnarounds of secondary polymer raw materials......Page 476
14.6.3 Economic assessment of secondary plastic raw materials......Page 479
14.6.4 Collection and use of thermoplastic wastes from domestic consumption sphere......Page 481
14.6.5 Separation of plastic wastes from domestic garbage......Page 484
14.6.6 Application of plastic wastes as fillers and additives......Page 486
14.6.7 Mechanism of degradation......Page 488
14.6.8 Energy efficiency of incineration of plastic wastes......Page 490
14.8 Use of secondary energy resources......Page 491
14.9 Economic and ecological aspects of utilization of secondary raw materials......Page 493
14.10 Self-degrading polymer materials......Page 496
15 Packaging of meat and meat products......Page 502
15.1 Range of single-layer packaging materials in meat packaging......Page 503
15.2 Combined film materials......Page 509
15.3 Modern trends in the development of chilled meat packaging technology......Page 514
15.4 Methods and equipment for packaging of meat and meat products......Page 519
15.5 Active packaging technology......Page 523
Conclusion......Page 528
References......Page 530