Polymer Stabilization and Degradation-American Chemical Society

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
ACS Symposium Series......Page 3
FOREWORD......Page 4
PdftkEmptyString......Page 0
PREFACE......Page 5
1 Introduction to Hindered Amine Stabilizers......Page 8
Early Free Radical Research......Page 9
Stable Free Radicals......Page 10
Stable Free Radicals in Polymer Stabilization......Page 12
Literature Cited......Page 17
Discovery......Page 18
Synthesis......Page 20
Chemistry of Nitroxyl Radicals......Page 25
Developments in Nitroxyl Radical Synthesis......Page 27
Application......Page 28
Polymer Stabilization......Page 29
Other Fields of Hindered Amine and Nitroxyl Radical Application......Page 36
Literature Cited......Page 39
Degradation and Stabilization......Page 43
Stable Nitroxyl Radicals......Page 44
Hindered Amine Compounds......Page 48
Selection of Practical Stabilizers......Page 56
Literature Cited......Page 59
4 A Decade of Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers......Page 61
Early Results......Page 63
Literature Cited......Page 74
5 Mechanistic Studies of Sterically Hindered Amines In the Photooxidation of Liquid Polypropylene Model Substances......Page 75
Results of Model Investigations on Isooctane......Page 77
Discussion......Page 84
b) Analytical procedures......Page 91
Literature Cited......Page 92
6 Reactions of Aminyl Radicals and Mechanisms of Amine Regeneration as Inhibitors of Oxidation......Page 93
Literature Cited......Page 96
7 Hindered Diazacycloalkanones as Ultraviolet Stabilizers and Antioxidants......Page 97
Acknowledgment......Page 103
Literature Cited......Page 104
SUMMARY......Page 105
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 106
REFERENCES......Page 113
Experimental......Page 114
Results and Discussion......Page 115
Literature Cited......Page 121
10 Electron Spin Resonance Determination of Nitroxide Kinetics in Acrylic/Melamine Coatings Relationship to Photodegradation and Photostabilization Kinetics......Page 123
Experimental......Page 124
Results and discussion......Page 125
Conclusion......Page 137
Literature Cited......Page 138
11 Stabilization of Polypropylene Multifilaments Utility of Oligomeric Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers......Page 140
Results and Discussion......Page 141
Acknowledgements......Page 149
Literature Cited......Page 150
12 Hexahydropyrimidines as Hindered Amine Light Stabilizers......Page 151
Experimental......Page 152
Results & Discussion......Page 153
Literature Cited......Page 157
13 Mechanisms of Aromatic Amine Antidegradants......Page 158
References......Page 172
14 Polymer-Bound Antioxidants......Page 174
Polymer-Bound Antioxidants......Page 177
Theoretical Implications of Polymer-Bound Antioxidants......Page 193
Literature Cited......Page 196
15 Polymerizable, Polymeric, and Polymer-Bound(Ultraviolet) Stabilizers......Page 198
Polymerizable and Bound Ultraviolet Stabilizers......Page 200
Polymerizable Antioxidants......Page 209
Literature Cited......Page 210
The Computer Model......Page 212
The Reaction Scheme......Page 214
Modelling Photooxidation......Page 221
Modelling Stabilization......Page 226
Literature Cited......Page 233
17 Investigation of Thermal Oxidation and Stabilization of High-Density Polyethylene......Page 236
Results and Discussion......Page 237
Literature Cited......Page 247
18 Bis- and Trisphosphites Having Dioxaphosphepin and Dioxaphosphocin Rings as Polyolefin-Processing Stabilizers......Page 248
Experimental Section......Page 249
Processing Stability of Polypropylene......Page 252
Hydrolytic Stability Test......Page 253
Comparative Effectiveness of Experimental Processing Stabilizers in Polyolefins......Page 254
Polyethylene......Page 255
Hydrolytic Stability of Experimental Processing Stabilizers......Page 256
Acknowledgments......Page 257
Literature Cited......Page 258
19 Formation of Anomalous Structures in Poly(vinyl chloride) and Their Influence on the Thermal Stability Effect of Polymerization Temperature and Pressure......Page 259
Experimental......Page 261
Results and Discussion......Page 264
Acknowledgments......Page 282
References......Page 283
20 Degradation of Poly(vinyl chloride) According to Non-Steady-State Kinetics......Page 285
Results and Discussion......Page 286
Literature Cited......Page 297
21 Effect of Antioxidants on the Thermooxidative Stabilities of Ultraviolet-Cured Coatings......Page 299
RESULTS......Page 300
DISCUSSION......Page 308
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......Page 310
REFERENCES......Page 311
22 Photooxidation of Poly(phenylene oxide) Polymer......Page 312
Results and Discussion......Page 313
Literature Cited......Page 326
23 Photoaging of Polycarbonate: Effects of Selected Variables on Degradation Pathways......Page 328
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 329
RESULTS......Page 330
I. Films Without Added BPA......Page 333
DISCUSSION......Page 343
I. Effects of Variables......Page 344
II. Photolysis Products and Possible Mechanisms......Page 345
III. Scission Patterns......Page 348
Literature Cited......Page 349
24 Photooxidation and Photostabilization of Unsaturated Cross-linked Polyesters......Page 351
Results and Discussion......Page 352
Literature Cited......Page 356
25 Polypropylene Degradation by γ-Irradiation in Air......Page 357
Experimental......Page 358
Results......Page 359
Discussion......Page 365
Literature Cited......Page 368
26 Comparison of Chemiluminescence with Impact Strength for Monitoring Degradation of Irradiated Polypropylene......Page 370
Experimental......Page 371
Results......Page 372
Discussion......Page 378
Literature Cited......Page 381
27 Chemiluminescence in Thermal Oxidation of Polymers: Apparatus and Method......Page 383
Apparatus......Page 384
Method......Page 385
Initial Stages of Oxidation......Page 387
Advanced Stages of Oxidation......Page 390
Experimental Conditions......Page 391
Initial Stages of Oxidation......Page 392
Advanced Stages of Oxidation......Page 401
Conclusions......Page 404
Literature Cited......Page 405
28 Physical Techniques for Profiling Heterogeneous Polymer Degradation......Page 406
Oxygen Diffusion Effects......Page 407
Rapid Identification of Heterogeneous Degradation: Metallographic Polishing......Page 408
Degradation Profiling in Terms of Relative Hardness......Page 409
Effect of Heterogeneous Degradation on Macroscopic Property Changes: Viton......Page 411
Experimental......Page 414
Conclusions......Page 416
Literature Cited......Page 417
29 Synthesis of Biodegradable Polyethylene......Page 418
Biodegradable Polyamides......Page 419
Biodegradable Addition Polymers......Page 420
Determination of Biodegradability......Page 422
Experimental......Page 425
Literature Cited......Page 426
Author Index......Page 427
A......Page 428
C......Page 429
D......Page 430
E......Page 431
H......Page 432
M......Page 434
O......Page 435
P......Page 436
R......Page 438
S......Page 439
U......Page 440
Z......Page 441