Polymer nanocomposites

Cover Page......Page 1
Related titles......Page 3
Title Page......Page 4
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2006......Page 5
2 Epoxy nanocomposites based on layered silicates and other nanostructured fillers......Page 6
5 Polystyrene/clay nanocomposites......Page 7
9 Poly(butylene terephthlate) (PBT) based nanocomposites......Page 8
12 Rubber-clay nanocomposites......Page 9
15 Filled polymer nanocomposites containing functionalized nanoparticles......Page 10
19 Polymer/graphite nanocomposites......Page 11
20 Wear resisting polymer nanocomposites: preparation and properties......Page 12
Contributor contact details......Page 14
Preface......Page 18
PART I - Layered silicates......Page 20
1.1 Introduction......Page 22
1.3 Synthesis of nylon 6-clay hybrid (NCH)......Page 23
1.4 Characterization of NCH......Page 25
1.5 Crystal structure of NCH (Kojima, 1995)......Page 31
1.6 Properties of NCH (Kojima, 1993a)......Page 38
1.7 Synthesizing NCH using different types of clay (Usuki, 1995)......Page 40
1.8 Improving the synthesis method of NCH......Page 42
1.9 Other types of nylon......Page 43
1.10 Conclusions......Page 45
1.12 References......Page 46
2.1 Introduction......Page 48
2.2 Epoxy-layered silicate nanocomposites......Page 50
2.3 Epoxy-nanocomposites based on other nanofillers......Page 66
2.4 Ternary epoxy nanocomposite systems......Page 67
2.5 Future trends......Page 72
2.6 References......Page 73
3.1 Introduction......Page 76
3.2 Definition and categories of biodegradable polymers......Page 77
3.4 Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposite technology......Page 78
3.5 Structure and properties of layered silicates......Page 81
3.6 Techniques used for the characterization of nanocomposites......Page 82
3.7 Biodegradable polymers and their nanocomposites......Page 83
3.8 Properties......Page 105
3.9 Biodegradability......Page 120
3.10 Melt rheology and structure-property relationship......Page 125
3.11 Foam processing of biodegradable nanocomposites......Page 134
3.12 Conclusions......Page 136
3.14 References......Page 138
4.1 Introduction......Page 149
4.2 Chemical compatibilization and compounding......Page 150
4.3 Nanostructure......Page 153
4.4 Performance......Page 161
4.7 References......Page 166
5.1 Introduction......Page 170
5.2 Organically modified clay......Page 171
5.3 Surface-initiated polymerization (SIP)......Page 174
5.4 Syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS)/clay nanocomposite......Page 179
5.5 Properties of nanocomposites......Page 182
5.7 References......Page 188
6.1 Introduction......Page 191
6.2 Materials and characterization......Page 193
6.3 Synthesis of PEA/bentonite nanocomposites through in situ emulsion polymerization......Page 194
6.4 Preparation and microstructure of casting-film of PEA/bentonite nanocomposites from emulsion......Page 195
6.5 Performance of PEA/bentonite nanocomposites......Page 198
6.6 Conclusions and future trends......Page 203
6.7 Acknowledgements......Page 204
6.8 References......Page 205
7.1 Introduction......Page 207
7.2 Synthesis of clay-acrylate nanocomposites......Page 209
7.3 Properties of clay-acrylic nanocomposites......Page 214
7.4 Conclusions......Page 221
7.5 References......Page 222
8.1 Introduction......Page 225
8.2 Dispersion of Na+ montmorillonite in water soluble polymers......Page 226
8.3 Crystallization behavior......Page 230
8.4 Overview of nanocomposite structure and crystallization behavior......Page 240
8.5 Materials properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/ Na+ montmorillonite nanocomposites......Page 241
8.7 References......Page 250
9.1 Introduction......Page 253
9.2 Impact modification of PBT by blending......Page 254
9.3 PBT/organoclay nanocomposite......Page 258
9.4 EVA/organoclay nanocomposite......Page 261
9.5 PBT/EVA-g-MAH/organoclay ternary nanocomposite......Page 266
9.6 Conclusions......Page 270
9.8 References......Page 273
10.1 Introduction......Page 275
10.3 Flame retardant mechanism......Page 276
10.4 Nanocomposites and conventional flame retardants......Page 284
10.5 Conclusion and future trends......Page 286
10.6 References......Page 287
11.2 Background on polymer barrier properties......Page 292
11.3 Experimental methods......Page 296
11.4 Permeation and diffusion models relevant to polymer nanocomposites......Page 298
11.5 Polymer nanocomposites diffusivity......Page 301
11.6 Polymer nanocomposites sorption......Page 305
11.7 Polymer nanocomposites permeability......Page 306
11.8 Conclusions and future trends......Page 310
11.9 References......Page 311
12.2 Overview of rubbers (elastomers)......Page 316
12.3 Fillers predominantly used in the rubber industry......Page 321
12.4 Rubber crosslinking systems......Page 323
12.5 Types of rubber-clay nanocomposite......Page 324
12.6 Comparison of properties achieved in rubber- clay nanocomposites......Page 336
12.7 Conclusions......Page 340
12.8 References......Page 341
PART II - Nanotubes, nanoparticles and inorganic......Page 346
13.1 Introduction......Page 348
13.2 Mechanical properties: elastic properties and strength......Page 350
13.3 Carbon nanotube - polymer interface......Page 356
13.4 Long-term performance of unidirectional CNT/ epoxy composites......Page 365
13.5 Conclusions......Page 372
13.6 References......Page 373
14.1 Introduction......Page 378
14.2 Fabrication of the composite by the drawing process......Page 381
14.3 Fabrication of the composite by ultra high- pressure sintering......Page 391
14.4 Application potential......Page 397
14.6 References......Page 405
15.2 Organic and polymer materials for light-emitting diodes......Page 408
15.3 Luminescent polymer for device applications......Page 410
15.4 Photo-oxidation of emitting polymers......Page 412
15.5 Nanoparticles approaches to enhance the lifetime of emitting polymers......Page 415
15.7 References......Page 428
16.1 Introduction......Page 431
16.2 Preparation and surface modification of nano- CaCO......Page 432
16.3 Fabrication of polymer/CaCO3 nanocomposites......Page 436
16.4 Characterization......Page 439
16.5 Applications......Page 452
16.6 Conclusions and future trends......Page 453
16.7 References......Page 454
17.1 Introduction......Page 459
17.2 Classification of magnetic polymer nanocomposites......Page 461
17.3 Synthesis......Page 466
17.4 Characterization......Page 474
17.5 Magnetic properties......Page 485
17.6 Future trends......Page 489
17.7 References......Page 490
18.1 Introduction......Page 504
18.2 Experimental......Page 506
18.3 Results when IPTS was used as a coupling agent......Page 512
18.4 Results when GPTS was used as a coupling agent......Page 519
18.5 Conclusions......Page 525
18.6 References......Page 526
19.1 Introduction......Page 529
19.2 Features of graphite......Page 530
19.3 Structures of polymer/graphite nanocomposites......Page 538
19.4 Preparations of polymer/graphite nanocomposites......Page 539
19.5 Properties......Page 548
19.6 Conclusions......Page 551
19.8 References......Page 552
20.1 Introduction......Page 559
20.2 Surface treatment......Page 561
20.3 Composites manufacturing......Page 567
20.4 Wear performance and mechanisms......Page 577
20.5 Conclusions and future trends......Page 587
20.7 References......Page 589
Index......Page 597