Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Based Composites and Nanocomposites

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Engineering Materials Series
Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Based Composites and Nanocomposites
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Contents
Fabrication of PVC Based Composites and Nanocomposites by Mechanical Mixing
	1. Introduction
	2. Premixing and Its Equipment
		2.1 Premixing Principle
		2.2 Premixing Process
		2.3 Premixing Effect
		2.4 Premixing Equipment
	3. Blending and Its Equipment
		3.1 Twin-Screw Extruder Introduction
		3.2 Engaging Co-rotating Parallel Twin-Screw Extruder
		3.3 Engaging Counter-Rotating Parallel Twin-Screw Extruder
		3.4 Engaging Counter-Rotating Conical Twin-Screw Extruder
		3.5 Planetary Screw Extruder
	4. PVC High-Performance Regulation Technology
	5. Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Fabrication of PVC-Based Composites by Freeze-Drying and Their Reinforcement Using Nanomaterials
	1. Introduction
	2. Effects of Freeze-Drying on PVC Structures
	3. Changes in Characteristic Properties of Freeze-Dried Structures
	4. Mechanical Properties of Freeze-Dried PVC Nanocomposites
	5. New-Generation of Composites Using Flakes of Graphene
	6. Long-Term Lithium Battery Using Lyophilization
	7. Conclusion
	References
Interface Modification and Characterization of PVC Based Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Fillers Used in PVC Composites
	3. Interface Modification: Physical Modification Methods
		3.1 Plasma Treatment
		3.2 Ultrasonic Irradiation
		3.3 Surfactant Modification
	4. Interface Modification: Chemical Modification Methods
		4.1 Acid and Acetylation Treatment
		4.2 Alkaline Treatment or Mercerization
		4.3 Maleated Coupling Agent
		4.4 Silane Coupling Agent
		4.5 Titanate Coupling Agent
		4.6 Benzoyl Chloride Treatment
		4.7 Chitosan-Based Treatment
		4.8 Phthalate Treatment
	5. Interface Characterization Methods
		5.1 Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectrometry
		5.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays
		5.3 X-ray Computed Tomography
		5.4 Pull-Out Micromechanical Test
		5.5 Dynamic Mechanical (Thermal) Analysis
		5.6 Rheological Properties
	6. Conclusion
	References
Natural Fiber Reinforced PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Classification of Natural Fibers
	3. Plant Fibers
	4. Animal Fibers
	5. Mineral Fibers
	6. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibers
	7. Thermosets and Thermoplastics Based Natural Fiber Composites
	8. Natural Fiber Composites Applications
	9. Natural Fiber Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Composites
	10. Natural Fiber Poly (Vinyl Chloride) Nanocomposites
	11. Summary
	References
Chitin and Chitosan Based PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Chitin and Chitosan
	3. Chitosan and PVC Composites
	4. Future Trends and Perspectives
	References
Carbon Fiber and Carbon Black Reinforced PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. PVC History and Sustainability
		2.1 PVC History
		2.2 PVC Sustainability
	3. PVC Structure and Additives
		3.1 PVC Polymerization and Structure
		3.2 PVC Fusion and Processing
		3.3 PVC Degradation
		3.4 PVC Formulations and Additives
	4. PVC-Based Nanofillers
		4.1 CFs
		4.2 Carbon Black
	5. PVC Reinforced with CF and Carbon Black Nanocomposites
		5.1 PVC Reinforced with CFs
		5.2 PVC Reinforced with CB
	6. Effect of Nanofillers on the Physico-Mechanical Properties
	7. Conclusion
	8. Future Prospective
	References
Mica and Glass Fiber-Filled PVC Composites
	1. Introduction
	2. Methodology
	3. Results and Discussion
		3.1 Glass Fiber-Filled PVC Composites
		3.2 Mica-Filled PVC Composites
	4. Discussion and Final Considerations
	References
Metal Carbonate Reinforced PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Manufacturing Process
		2.1 In Situ Polymerization
		2.2 Solution Blending
		2.3 Melt Blending
	3. General Impact of Filler
		3.1 Tensile Strength
		3.2 Toughness
		3.3 Stiffness
		3.4 Thermal Stability
		3.5 Viscosity
		3.6 Particle Size and Shape Effect
		3.7 Effect of Particles Size and Shape of MgCO3
		3.8 Effect of Particles Size and Shape of CaCO3
	4. Surface Modification
		4.1 Silane Coupling Agent
		4.2 Titanate Coupling Agent
		4.3 Non-coupling Treatment
	5. Fire Retardancy
		5.1 CaCO3 as an Additive
		5.2 MgCO3 as an Additive
		5.3 ZnCO3As an Additive
		5.4 BaCO3 as an Additive
		5.5 Li2CO3 as an Additive
	6. Weathering Effect
	7. Conclusion
	References
POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Mechanical, Dynamic Mechanical, and Morphological Properties of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
	3. Thermal Properties of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
		3.1 Glass Transition Temperature of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
		3.2 Thermal Stability Analysis of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
	4. Rheological Properties of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
		4.1 Plasticizing Behavior of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
		4.2 Dynamic Rheological Behavior of POSS Reinforced PVC Nanocomposites
	References
Metal Particle Filled PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. The Fabrication of Metal Particle Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	2. Iron/Iron Oxide Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	3. Ag Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	4. Cu/CuO Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	5. ZnO Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	6. ZrO2 Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	7. Al2O3 Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	8. TiO2 Filled PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	9. Other Metal Fillers Based PVC Composites/Nanocomposites
	10. Challenges and Future Research
	References
Nanocomposite of PVC with CNT
	1. Introduction
	2. CNT-Based PNCs Preparation
		2.1 Solution Mixing
		2.2 Melt Mixing
		2.3 In Situ-Polymerization
	3. Carbon Nanotubes
	4. PVC-Based PNCs
	5. Effect of CNTs on the PVC-Based PNCs
		5.1 Mechanical Properties
		5.2 Thermal Properties
		5.3 Electrical Properties
		5.4 Permeation Behavior
	6 Conclusion
	References
Mechanical Properties of PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Mechanical Properties of Composites
	3. Mechanical Properties of PVC Nanocomposites
	4. Mathematical and Numerical Modeling of PVC-Based Composites/Nanocomposites
	5. Conclusions
	References
Scattering (X-ray, Light, Neutron) Studies of PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	3. Scattering Principle
	4. Determination of Scattering
	5. Important Reports on Scattering Studies of PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	6. Conclusion
	References
Thermal Characteristics, Stability, and Degradation of PVC Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Thermal Characteristics of PVC
		2.1 Thermal Degradation of PVC
	3. Thermal Degradation of PVC Composites
	4. Thermal Degradation of PVC Nanocomposites
		4.1 PVC Nanocomposites with Metal and Metal Oxide Nanofillers
		4.2 PVC Nanocomposites with Carbonaceous Nanofillers
		4.3 PVC Nanocomposites with Nanoclays
	5. Conclusions
	References
Dielectric Properties of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Composites and Nanocomposites
	1. Introduction
	2. Various Dielectric Properties
	3. Preparation of PVC Based Composites and Nanocomposites
	4. Dielectric Insulation Materials
	5. Dielectric Composites for Energy Storage Applications
	6. Summary and Conclusion
	References
Possible Interaction of PVC with Micro-and Nano-fillers
	1. Introduction
	2. PVC Matrix Composites Reinforced with Micro/Nano-fillers
	3. Interaction of PVC Matrix with Organic Fillers
		3.1 Interaction with Carbon-Based Fillers
	4. Interaction with Natural-Based Fillers
	5. Interaction of PVC Matrix with Inorganic Fillers
		5.1 Minerals and Metal Oxide Fillers
	References