Political Science: An Introduction

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Preface
Part I The Bases of Politics
	Chapter 1 Politics and Political Science
		What Is Politics?
			Classic Works: Concepts and Percepts
		What Is Political Science?
			Classic Thought: “Never Get Angry at a Fact”
			Methods: Learning a Chapter
		Theory in Political Science
			Theories: Models: Simplifying Reality
		“Political Theory” versus Theory in Political Science
			Classic Works: Not Just Europeans
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 2 Political Ideologies
		What Is Ideology?
			Theories: The Origins of Ideologies
		Liberalism
		Conservatism
		Socialism
		Nationalism
			Methods: Theses
		Ideology in Our Day
			Case Studies: Islamism: A Political Ideology Emanating from Islam
			Democracy: Authoritarian Capitalism
		Is Ideology Finished?
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 3 States
		Institutionalized Power
			Classic Works: Aristotle’s Six Types of Government
		Effective, Weak, and Failed States
			Theories: Political Development in Three Stages
		Unitary or Federal Systems
			Methods: Sources
			Case Studies: The Shaky Lives of Confederations
		Electoral Systems
			Case Studies: French and German Variations
		States and the Economy
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 4 Constitutions and Rights
		Constitutions
		The Highest Law of the Land
			Case Studies: The Dangers of Changing Constitutions
			Case Studies: Canada’s New Constitution
		Can Constitutions Ensure Rights?
		The Adaptability of the U.S. Constitution
			Theories: What Is a Right?
		Freedom of Expression in the United States
			Methods: References
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 5 Regimes
		Representative Democracy
		Democracy in Practice: Elitism or Pluralism?
		Totalitarianism
			Democracy: Dahl’s “Influence Terms”
			Methods: Tight Writing
			Democracy: Why Democracies Fail
		Authoritarianism
			Case Studies: Democracy in Iraq?
		The Democratization of Authoritarian Regimes
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
Part II Political Attitudes
	Chapter 6 Political Culture
		What Is Political Culture?
			Classic Works: The Civic Culture
			Democracy: Civil Society
			Methods: Quotations
		The Decay of Political Culture
			Case Studies: Soviet Political Culture and the New Russia
		Elite and Mass Subcultures
			Theories: Culture and Development
		Minority Subcultures
			Case Studies: “Yes Scotland!” versus “Better Together”
			Democracy: The Three Israels
		Political Socialization
			Classic Works: The Authoritarian Personality
			Case Studies: China Builds Unity
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 7 Public Opinion
		What Public Opinion Is and Isn’t
			Democracy: A Short History of Polling
		The Shape of Public Opinion
			Classic Works: Almond’s Three Publics
			Democracy: Opinion Curves
		Public-Opinion Polls
			Methods: Variables
		American Opinion
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
Part III Political Interactions
	Chapter 8 Political Communication
		The Mass Media and Politics
			Classic Works: The Two-Step Flow of Mass Communications
			Democracy: The Tendency to Media Oligopoly
		Social Media
			Case Studies: The Media and War
		The Giant: Television
			Methods: Defining Variables
			Theories: The Framing of News
		Are We Poorly Served?
			Case Studies: The Media and Watergate
		The Adversaries: Media and Government
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 9 Interest Groups
		The Ubiquity of Interest Groups
			Theories: Countervailing Power
		Interest Groups and Government
			Case Studies: French Antipluralism
		Effective Interest Groups
			Case Studies: Trade Unions and the Right to Strike in the U.K.
			Methods: Tables
		Interest Group Strategies
			Classic Works: Olson’s Theory of Interest Groups
		Interest Groups: An Evaluation
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 10 Parties
		Methods: Cross-Tabulations
		Functions of Parties
			Democracy: Parties That Ignore Voters
		Parties in Democracies
			Theories: What Is a “Relevant” Party?
			Classic Works: Duverger’s Three Types of Parties
		Classifying Political Parties
			Classic Works: Kirchheimer’s “Catchall” Party
		Party Systems
			Democracy: Multiparty Systems Are More Fun
			Theories: Sartori’s Party Competition
		The Future of Parties
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 11 Elections
		Why Do People Vote?
		Who Votes?
			Theories: Downs’s Theory of Voting
			Methods: Tendency Statements
		Who Votes How?
			Case Studies: Is the U.S. Electoral System Defective?
		Electoral Realignment
			Democracy: Partisan Polarization
		What Wins Elections?
			Democracy: Changing Positions
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
Part IV Political Institutions
	Chapter 12 Legislatures
		The Origins of Parliaments
		Presidential and Parliamentary Systems
			Classic Works: Where Did the U.S. System Originate?
		Bicameral or Unicameral?
		What Legislatures Do
			Methods: Longitudinal Studies
		The Decline of Legislatures
			Democracy: Pork-Barrel Politics
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 13 Executives and Bureaucracies
		Presidents and Prime Ministers
			Democracy: Israel’s Directly Elected Prime Ministers
			Democracy: Putin’s Authoritarianism
			Classic Works: Lasswell’s Psychology of Power
		Executive Leadership
			Democracy: An Imperial Presidency?
			Methods: Graphs
		Cabinets
			Classic Works: American Paranoia
		Bureaucracies
			Classic Works: Weber’s Definition of Bureaucracies
		The Trouble with Bureaucracy
			Theories: Bureaucratic Politics
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 14 Judiciaries
		Types of Law
			Classic Works: The Roots of Law
		The Courts, the Bench, and the Bar
			Case Studies: Common Law versus Code Law
		Comparing Courts
			Classic Works: Marbury v. Madison
		The Role of the Courts
			Methods: Scattergrams
		The Supreme Court’s Political Role
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
Part V What Political Systems Do
	Chapter 15 Political Economy
		What Is Political Economy?
			Case Studies: How High Are U.S. Taxes?
		Government and the Economy
			Methods: Maps
		What Is Poverty?
			Democracy: Poverty and Ideology
			Case Studies: Welfare Spending versus Tax Expenditures
		The Costs of Welfare
		How Big Should Government Be?
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 16 Violence and Revolution
		System Breakdown
		Types of Violence
			Methods: Thinkpieces
			Theories: Rising Expectations
		Terrorism
			Case Studies: Revolutionary Political Warfare in Vietnam
		Revolutions
			Case Studies: The Iranian Revolutionary Cycle
		After the Revolution
			Case Studies: Violent versus Velvet Revolutions
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
	Chapter 17 International Relations
		What Is International Relations?
		Power and National Interest
			Methods: Avoid “They”
			Theories: Types of National Interest
		The Importance of Economics
		Why War?
			Classic Works: Kennan’s Dinosaur Analogy
		Keeping Peace
		Beyond Sovereignty?
			Democracy: The Democratic Peace
		U.S. Foreign Policy: Involved or Isolated?
			Theories: Klingberg’s Alternation Theory
			Classic Works: Thucydides on War
		Review Questions
		Key Terms
		Further Reference
Glossary
Index