Political ideology in Britain

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
List of Figures and Tables......Page 11
Preface......Page 12
Political ideas and ideologies......Page 14
Ideas, power and interests......Page 15
Ideology as dogmatism – the 'end of ideology'......Page 18
Contemporary approaches to the study of ideology......Page 19
Studying ideologies – the issue of bias......Page 20
Elements of ideologies......Page 21
Classifying ideologies – left and right......Page 24
Levels of ideology......Page 27
Power, influence and indoctrination......Page 28
Ideology and pragmatism in British politics......Page 30
Moderation and consensus in British politics......Page 32
The British political tradition......Page 33
Further reading......Page 35
Introduction......Page 36
Liberalism: underlying assumptions and values......Page 38
The Whig tradition......Page 41
Radicals......Page 43
Classical economics and utilitarianism......Page 45
Victorian liberalism......Page 47
Liberalism, capitalism and democracy......Page 50
The New Liberalism......Page 52
The decline of the Liberal Party – and the triumph of liberalism?......Page 55
The ideas of modern Liberals and Liberal Democrats......Page 56
Further reading......Page 58
Introduction: traditional and contemporary Conservatism......Page 60
The Tory tradition......Page 61
Conservatism: reaction and gradualism......Page 62
Reason and tradition......Page 66
Human imperfection......Page 67
Authority, leadership and Tory democracy......Page 69
The defence of property......Page 71
Paternalism and social reform......Page 73
Protection and Tory collectivism......Page 75
Patriotism and imperialism......Page 78
Further reading......Page 79
Introduction......Page 81
Socialist values......Page 82
Evolutionary and revolutionary socialism......Page 83
Working-class politics in nineteenth-century Britain......Page 86
Marxism and the British labour movement......Page 88
Trade unionism and labourism......Page 90
Ethical socialism......Page 93
Fabian socialism......Page 94
State socialism and alternatives to state socialism......Page 96
Labour in power? MacDonaldism......Page 99
Labour in power – the Attlee government......Page 100
Revisionism, fundamentalism and pragmatism......Page 102
Socialism inside and outside the Labour Party......Page 105
Further reading......Page 106
Introduction......Page 108
What is nationalism......Page 109
When and why nationalism developed......Page 110
Varieties of nationalism......Page 111
Nations and states in Britain......Page 116
Nationalism in nineteenth-century Britain......Page 120
Scottish and Welsh nationalism......Page 121
Nationalism and devolution......Page 123
Europe, regionalism and nationalism......Page 126
Globalization, decentralization and the future of nationalism......Page 128
Further reading......Page 130
Introduction: racism and fascism......Page 132
Racist ideology: critical issues......Page 133
The origins and development of racism......Page 134
'Scientific' racism......Page 137
Fascism and Nazism......Page 138
British fascism......Page 140
Immigration and race in modern Britain – a new racism?......Page 142
Racism, class and religion......Page 144
Institutional racism......Page 146
Anti-racism......Page 147
Ethnic-minority community mobilization......Page 149
Multiculturalism......Page 151
Further reading......Page 154
Introduction......Page 156
The origins and development of feminist thought – liberal feminism......Page 157
Modern feminist criticism of liberal feminism......Page 159
Socialist and Marxist feminism......Page 161
Criticism of socialist and Marxist feminism......Page 163
Radical feminism......Page 164
Criticism of radical feminism......Page 168
Eco-feminism......Page 169
The impact of the New Right – Conservative feminism?......Page 171
Feminism and post-modernism......Page 173
Post-feminism or new feminism?......Page 175
Further reading......Page 179
Introduction......Page 181
Green and other ideologies......Page 182
Greens and the Right......Page 183
Greens and the Left......Page 184
Key elements of Green thinking......Page 186
Limits to growth – sustainability......Page 187
Ecocentrism......Page 188
The holistic approach......Page 191
Small is beautiful?......Page 192
Green strategy......Page 194
Further reading......Page 202
1975: a change in direction......Page 203
Classical liberalism, neo-liberalism and the free market......Page 204
Neo-conservatism......Page 208
Tensions within Thatcherism......Page 210
Ideology and pragmatism......Page 211
The legacy of Thatcherism......Page 214
From Thatcher to Major......Page 215
Conservatism for the twenty-first century – Hague and after......Page 217
Further reading......Page 221
A new party with a new ideology?......Page 223
Old Labour, democratic socialism and social democracy......Page 224
New Labour?......Page 226
The international context......Page 228
The end or redefinition of socialism......Page 229
A third way?......Page 232
New Labour in government......Page 234
New Labour in the new millennium......Page 236
Further reading......Page 237
British politics and the wider world......Page 239
More of the same? The continuation of two-party duopoly......Page 240
Party and ideological realignment?......Page 241
The end of British politics as we know it?......Page 243
Radical alternatives?......Page 244
The growth of alienation and apathy?......Page 245
Bibliography......Page 248
C......Page 262
F......Page 263
I......Page 264
N......Page 265
R......Page 266
T......Page 267
W......Page 268