Political ideologies: their origins and impact

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Brief Contents......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
 The Development of Ideology......Page 18
  The Source of Ideology......Page 19
  The Origin of the Term......Page 24
  Contemporary Definitions......Page 25
  Ideology and Philosophy......Page 28
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 29
 Preview......Page 31
 Change, or Policy Options......Page 32
  Radical......Page 35
  Liberal......Page 37
  Moderate......Page 39
  Conservative......Page 40
  Reactionary......Page 47
 Values, or Personal Philosophy......Page 49
 Motivation......Page 54
 The Changing Spectrum......Page 56
  Foreign Policy......Page 57
  Domestic Policy......Page 59
 Questions for Discussion......Page 62
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 63
 Preview......Page 64
  Nation and State......Page 65
  Theories of the Origin of the State......Page 70
 The History of Nationalism......Page 75
 The Theory of Nationalism......Page 78
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 84
 Preview......Page 85
 The Meaning of Democracy......Page 86
 The Social Contract......Page 88
 Later Social Contract Philosophers......Page 89
  Thomas Hobbes......Page 90
  John Locke......Page 91
 Jean Jacques Rousseau......Page 99
 Questions for Discussion......Page 102
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 103
 Capitalism......Page 104
  Capitalism after Smith......Page 106
  American Capitalism......Page 107
 Neoclassical Liberal Democratic Theory......Page 113
  Edmund Burke......Page 114
  James Madison......Page 116
  Jefferson's Alternative......Page 121
 The Emergence of Democratic Socialism......Page 123
  Utilitarianism and Positivist Law......Page 124
  Democratic Socialism......Page 125
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 130
 Preview......Page 132
  Democracy and the Legislative Process......Page 133
  Elite Theorism......Page 138
  The American System......Page 141
  The British System......Page 144
  Electoral Districts......Page 149
  Political Party Structures......Page 151
 Representation......Page 154
  Theories of Representation......Page 155
 Some Criticisms of Democracy......Page 156
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 157
 Development of Anarchism......Page 158
 Definition of Anarchism......Page 159
  The Pacifists......Page 164
  The Revolutionaries......Page 168
  Individualist Anarchists......Page 172
  Anarchistic Tendencies in the American Political Character......Page 174
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 176
 The Development of Socialism......Page 177
  Communism and Socialism......Page 179
  Ownership of Production......Page 180
  The Welfare State......Page 183
  The Socialist Intent......Page 185
  From the French Revolution to Marx......Page 187
 Marxism......Page 192
 Marx and Capitalism......Page 193
 The Basic Principles of Marxism......Page 195
  Marxist Theory of Social Structure......Page 196
  Marxist Historical Theory......Page 199
  Marxist Economic Theory......Page 203
  Marxist Theory of Revolution......Page 206
  The Marxist Political System......Page 208
  Internationalism......Page 209
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 210
 Preview......Page 211
  Revisionism......Page 212
  Marxism-Leninism......Page 214
  Lenin's and Stalin's Policies......Page 219
  Soviet Atrophy......Page 221
 China......Page 223
  The Belligerent Stage of the Revolution......Page 224
  The Political Stage of the Revolution......Page 226
  The Principles of Maoism......Page 234
  The Cuban Revolution......Page 238
  Fidelismo......Page 245
 The Re-Emergence of Socialism......Page 247
  American Socialism......Page 249
  Will Socialism Disappear?......Page 251
 Questions for Discussion......Page 252
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 253
 Preview......Page 254
  The Development of Fascism and National Socialism......Page 255
  Mussolini......Page 256
  Hitler......Page 259
  Irrationalism......Page 262
  Racism......Page 267
  Totalitarianism......Page 271
  Elitism......Page 273
  The Corporate State......Page 275
  Imperialism......Page 276
  Militarism......Page 277
 Contemporary Fascist and Neo-Nazi Movements......Page 278
  Right-Wing Extremism in the United States......Page 282
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 291
 Preview......Page 292
 Developing World Defined......Page 293
 Politics of the Developing World......Page 294
  Islamism......Page 301
  Other Religions in Politics......Page 304
 Economics of the Developing World......Page 305
 Developing World Democracies and Dictatorships......Page 313
  Guided Democracies......Page 314
  Terrorism......Page 316
 Questions for Discussion......Page 319
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 320
 Preview......Page 321
 Feminism......Page 322
  Endemic Sexism......Page 323
  The History of Feminism......Page 330
  Feminist Thought......Page 333
 Environmentalism......Page 335
  The Environmentalists......Page 345
 Suggestions for Further Reading......Page 350
Glossary......Page 351
Index......Page 364