Political Geography of Cities and Regions: Changing Legitimacy and Identity

Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Preface
1 Introduction: looking beyond national populism
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Anti-urbanism: from national populism to local resistance identities
	1.3 Metropolitan regions and the neoliberal dogma of urban competitiveness
	1.4 Studying the legitimation of the governance of cities and regions
2 The relational and territorial perspectives
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 From small genetic differences to opposing moral systems
	2.3 Jane Jacobs systems of survival
		2.3.1 The commercial syndrome of the relational perspective
		2.3.2 The guardian syndrome of the territorial perspective
		2.3.3 The symbiotic and parasitical relations between the systems of survival
	2.4 From morality to identity
	2.5 Legitimising spatial governance
		2.5.1 Institutional framework
		2.5.2 Consent
		2.5.3 Justifiability
	2.6 Territorial and relational: two perspectives, one society
3 Early modernity and urban autonomy
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Territories and urban regional linkages in pre-modern times
		3.2.1 The revolt of the Dutch elite against the Habsburg Empire
		3.2.2 Declaration of Dutch independence
		3.2.3 From freedom from Spain to the freedom of the seas
	3.3 The governance of the Dutch countryside by the urban elite
		3.3.1 Urban manorial estates
		3.3.2 Volkert Overlander: urban merchant and lord of the manor
	3.4 Duisburg: from an autonomous merchant city to Prussian territorial control
		3.4.1 The rise and decline of Duisburg as an autonomous city
		3.4.2 The integration of Duisburg within the Prussian territory
	3.5 Conclusion: did the emerging relational transform the territorial perspective?
4 Industrial modernity: integrating cities in the national territory
	4.1 Introduction: from territorial protection to social security
	4.2 Justifying territorial regulation
		4.2.1 Mercantilism: maximising territorial resources
		4.2.2 Regulating production through consumption: the invisible hand of the market
		4.2.3 Justifying national industrialisation: Friedrich List
	4.3 The development of the German state and industrialisation: from liberalisation to the territorialisation of everything
		4.3.1 The political fragmenting of an integrated industrialising Ruhr region
		4.3.2 Krupp: identifying with the company and the nation
		4.3.3 The downscaling of control: company towns securing workers in garden cities, Rheinhausen
		4.3.4 The upscaling of control from the company town to the Ruhr region
		4.3.5 The rescaling the governance of the Ruhr region: upwards to the federal state and downwards to amalgamated municipalities
	4.4 Amsterdam and the formation of the Dutch territorial state
	4.5 Industrial modernity: the territorialisation of the state, the economy, and society
5 Late modernity: from territorial regulation to competition
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 The delegitimation of industrial modernity: the failures of the welfare state
	5.3 The falling from grace of the housing icons of industrial modernity
		5.3.1 Purmerend: from quantitative growth of housing to qualitative liveability
		5.3.2 Rheinhausen: breaking the bond of steel
	5.4 Legitimising the society of singularities in late modernity
		5.4.1 The rise of the educated urban middle classes
	5.5 Conclusion
6 Metropolitan regions: competitiveness justifying the new institutional framework
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Urban competitiveness
		6.2.1 The rise of the metropolitan region
	6.3 From the national regulation of the Randstad to promoting the competitiveness of the metropolitan region Amsterdam
		6.3.1 The Randstad: from regulating housing to stimulating urban competitiveness
		6.3.2 The emergence of the metropolitan region Amsterdam
		6.3.3 The competitiveness agenda of the metropolitan region Amsterdam
		6.3.4 Regional landscape and urban competitiveness: Park Brederode
	6.4 Restructuring the Ruhr region: metropolisation around heritage parks
		6.4.1 Celebrating de-industrialisation: the IBA Emscherpark as the central park of the metropolitan region Ruhr
		6.4.2 Landscape park Duisburg Nord
		6.4.3 Institutionalising the metropolitan region Ruhr
	6.5 Conclusion
7 Challenging the metropolitan region: local resistance identities
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Identifying with the Ruhr region?
		7.2.1 Ruhr region divided by the Rhineland and Westphalia and engulfed by NRW
		7.2.2 The negative identity discourse on the Ruhr region: uprooted workers and pollution
		7.2.3 The newly educated middle classes supporting the post-industrial identity discourse of the Ruhr region
		7.2.4 Those left behind in deindustrialised towns in the Ruhr region
		7.2.5 Ruhr cities: inside the metropolitan region, but outside the regional identity discourse
		7.2.6 Herten
	7.3 Metropolitan housing overwhelming the ramparts of the local identity of Muiden
		7.3.1 Muiden’s hypermarket as spectre of uncontrolled urbanisation for national spatial planning
		7.3.2 The gunpowder factory powering the local community
		7.3.3 The closure of the munitions factory
		7.3.4 Local opposition to the doubling of the size of the village of Muiden
		7.3.5 The new urban village
	7.4 Villages in Katwijk regulating urbanisation: externally, all for one, internally all against each other
		7.4.1 The urban threat from Leiden and Amsterdam
		7.4.2 Amalgamating villages to protect their village identities from uncontrolled urbanisation
		7.4.3 Urbanisation in the form of an extra village
	7.5 From village to villages: West Betuwe
		7.5.1 A local growth coalition in Geldermalsen
		7.5.2 Averting the threat of a twelfth village with refugees
		7.5.3 Embracing dozens of extra villages to protect against urban influence
		7.5.4 “We the people . . .”
	7.6 Conclusion
8 The resurgence of the territorial perspective: universal villagism and localised territorialisations
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 From horizontal to vertical villagism
	8.3 From vertical villagism at the backdoor to national populism at the front door
		8.3.1 The winner takes it all: the precariat falling behind
		8.3.2 Spatial segregation and polarisation
		8.3.3 Regional communities
		8.3.4 Urban communities
	8.4 Political polarisation
	8.5 The territorialisation of global environmentalism
		8.5.1 Global territorialisation
		8.5.2 The greening and territorialisation of the metropolitan region Amsterdam
		8.5.3 Buiksloterham: icon of a new inclusive metropolitan region, or just another gentrified waterfront enclave?
		8.5.4 Self-enclavisation?
	8.6 Conclusion
9 Conclusion: the cycle of dominance of the territorial and relational perspectives
	9.1 Opposite perspectives
	9.2 Symbiosis or dangerous hybrid
	9.3 Conflicts take different forms in different spatial contexts
	9.4 The evolution of the perspectives and their elements
	9.5 Cycle of dominance in legitimating governance
Index