Pocket ECGs: A Quick Information Guide

Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Preface......Page 5
Acknowledgments......Page 6
The Electrocardiogram 1......Page 8
The ECG......Page 10
The normal ECG......Page 11
The heart......Page 12
Conduction system......Page 14
Waveform direction......Page 15
ECG paper......Page 16
ECG leads–I, II, III......Page 18
Augmented limb leads—aVR, aVL,and aVF......Page 20
Precordial (chest) leads—V1, V2, V3, V4,V5, and V6......Page 22
Modified chest leads (MCL)......Page 23
Analyzing the ECG 2......Page 24
Five-step (and nine-step) process......Page 26
Methods for determining the heart rate......Page 28
Dysrhythmias by heart rate......Page 32
Determining regularity......Page 34
Methods used to determine regularity......Page 36
ECG waveforms......Page 48
Sinus Dysrhythmias 3......Page 62
Normal sinus rhythm characteristics......Page 64
Sinus bradycardia characteristics......Page 66
Sinus tachycardia characteristics......Page 68
Sinus dysrhythmia characteristics......Page 70
Sinus arrest characteristics......Page 72
Atrial Dysrhythmias 4......Page 74
Wandering atrial pacemaker characteristics......Page 76
Premature atrial complexes (PAC) characteristics......Page 78
Atrial tachycardia characteristics......Page 84
Multifocal atrial tachycardia characteristics......Page 86
Atrial flutter characteristics......Page 88
Atrial fibrillation characteristics......Page 90
Junctional Dysrhythmias 5......Page 92
Premature junctional complexes (PJCs) characteristics......Page 94
Junctional escape rhythm characteristics......Page 96
Accelerated junctional rhythm characteristics......Page 98
Junctional tachycardia characteristics......Page 100
VentricularDysrhythmias 6......Page 102
Premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) characteristics......Page 104
Idioventricular rhythm characteristics......Page 108
Accelerated idioventricular rhythm characteristics......Page 110
Ventricular tachycardia characteristics......Page 112
AV Heart Blocks 7......Page 114
1st-degree AV heart block characteristics......Page 116
2nd-degree AV heart block, Type I (Wenckebach) characteristics......Page 118
2nd-degree AV heart block, Type II characteristics......Page 120
3rd-degree AV heart block characteristics......Page 122
Electrical Axis 8......Page 124
Direction of ECG waveforms......Page 126
Mean QRS Vector......Page 127
Method for determining QRS axis......Page 128
Lead I
......Page 129
Lead aVF......Page 130
Axis deviation......Page 131
Hypertrophy, Bundle Branch Block, and Preexcitation 9......Page 132
Right atrial enlargement......Page 134
Left atrial enlargement......Page 135
Left ventricular hypertrophy......Page 136
Right bundle branch block......Page 138
Left bundle branch block......Page 139
Left anterior hemiblock......Page 140
Left posterior hemiblock......Page 141
Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome......Page 142
Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome......Page 143
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction 10......Page 144
ECG changes associated with ischemia, injury, and infarction......Page 146
Identifying the location of myocardial ischemia, injury, and infarction......Page 147
Other Cardiac Conditions 11......Page 150
Pericarditis......Page 152
Pericardial effusion with low-voltage QRS complexes......Page 153
Pericardial effusion with electrical alternans......Page 154
Pulmonary embolism......Page 155
Pacemakers......Page 156
Electrolyte imbalances......Page 158
Digoxin effects seen on the ECG......Page 159
Index......Page 160