Plate and Shell Structures: Selected Analytical and Finite Element Solutions

Content: Preface xvii Notation xix Part 1 Fundamentals: Theory and Modelling 1 1 General Information 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 Review of Theories Describing Elastic Plates and Shells 6 1.3 Description of Geometry for 2D Formulation 9 1.4 Definitions and Assumptions for 2D Formulation 16 1.5 Classification of Shell Structures 21 References 24 2 Equations for Theory of Elasticity for 3D Problems 26 Reference 30 3 Equations of Thin Shells According to the Three-Parameter Kirchhoff   Love Theory 31 3.1 General Equations for Thin Shells 31 3.2 Specification of Lame Parameters and Principal Curvature Radii for Typical Surfaces 38 3.3 Transition from General Shell Equations to Particular Cases of Plates and Shells 42 3.4 Displacement Equations for Multi-Parameter Plate and Shell Theories 45 3.5 Remarks 47 References 47 4 General Information about Models and Computational Aspects 48 4.1 Analytical Approach to Statics, Buckling and Free Vibrations 49 4.2 Approximate Approach According to the Finite Difference Method 51 4.3 Computational Analysis by Finite Element Method 54 4.4 Computational Models     Summary 55 Reference 55 5 Description of Finite Elements for Analysis of Plates and Shells 56 5.1 General Information on Finite Elements 56 5.2 Description of Selected FEs 58 5.3 Remarks on Displacement-based FE Formulation 69 References 70 Part 2 Plates 73 6 Flat Rectangular Membranes 75 6.1 Introduction 75 6.2 Governing Equations 76 6.3 Square Membrane under Unidirectional Tension 81 6.4 Square Membrane under Uniform Shear 83 6.5 Pure In-Plane Bending of a Square Membrane 85 6.6 Cantilever Beam with a Load on the Free Side 88 6.7 Rectangular Deep Beams 94 6.8 Membrane with Variable Thicknesses or Material Parameters 97 References 101 7 Circular and Annular Membranes 102 7.1 Equations of Membranes     Local and Global Formulation 102 7.2 Equations for the Axisymmetric Membrane State 104 7.3 Annular Membrane 105 References 109 8 Rectangular Plates under Bending 110 8.1 Introduction 110 8.2 Equations for the Classical Kirchhoff   Love Thin Plate Theory 110 8.3 Derivation of Displacement Equation for a Thin Plate from the Principle of Minimum Potential Energy 117 8.4 Equation for a Plate under Bending Resting on a Winkler Elastic Foundation 118 8.5 Equations of Mindlin   Reissner Moderately Thick Plate Theory 119 8.6 Analytical Solution of a Sinusoidally Loaded Rectangular Plate 122 8.7 Analysis of Plates under Bending Using Expansions in Double or Single Trigonometric Series 127 8.8 Simply Supported or Clamped Square Plate with Uniform Load 131 8.9 Rectangular Plate with a Uniform Load and Various Boundary Conditions     Comparison of STSM and FEM Results 135 8.10 Uniformly Loaded Rectangular Plate with Clamped and Free Boundary Lines     Comparison of STSM and FEM Results 139 8.11 Approximate Solution to a Plate Bending Problem using FDM 143 8.12 Approximate Solution to a Bending Plate Problem using the Ritz Method 151 8.13 Plate with Variable Thickness 153 8.14 Analysis of Thin and Moderately Thick Plates in Bending 155 References 159 9 Circular and Annular Plates under Bending 160 9.1 General State 160 9.2 Axisymmetric State 162 9.3 Analytical Solution using a Trigonometric Series Expansion 164 9.4 Clamped Circular Plate with a Uniformly Distributed Load 166 9.5 Simply Supported Circular Plate with a Concentrated Central Force 169 9.6 Simply Supported Circular Plate with an Asymmetric Distributed Load 171 9.7 Uniformly Loaded Annular Plate with Static and Kinematic Boundary Conditions 174 References 177 Part 3 Shells 179 10 Shells in the Membrane State 181 10.1 Introduction 181 10.2 General Membrane State in Shells of Revolution 182 10.3 Axisymmetric Membrane State 183 10.4 Hemispherical Shell 186 10.5 Open Conical Shell under Self Weight 193 10.6 Cylindrical Shell 195 10.7 Hemispherical Shell with an Asymmetric Wind Action 199 References 204 11 Shells in the Membrane-Bending State 205 11.1 Cylindrical Shells 205 11.2 Spherical Shells 221 11.3 Cylindrical and Spherical Shells Loaded by a Uniformly Distributed Boundary Moment and Horizontal Force 229 11.4 Cylindrical Shell with a Spherical Cap     Analytical and Numerical Solution 232 11.5 General Case of Deformation of Cylindrical Shells 237 11.6 Cylindrical Shell with a Semicircular Cross Section under Self Weight     Analytical Solution of Membrane State 238 11.7 Cylindrical Scordelis-Lo Roof in the Membrane-Bending State     Analytical and Numerical Solution 242 11.8 Single-Span Clamped Horizontal Cylindrical Shell under Self Weight 246 References 254 12 Shallow Shells 256 12.1 Equations for Shallow Shells 256 12.2 Pucher   s Equations for Shallow Shells in the Membrane State 260 12.3 Hyperbolic Paraboloid with Rectangular Projection 262 12.4 Remarks on Engineering Applications 266 References 267 13 Thermal Loading of Selected Membranes, Plates and Shells 268 13.1 Introduction 268 13.2 Uniform Temperature Change along the Thickness 270 13.3 Linear Temperature Change along the Thickness     Analytical Solutions 275 References 286 Part 4 Stability and Free Vibrations 287 14 Stability of Plates and Shells 289 14.1 Overview of Plate and Shell Stability Problems 289 14.2 Basis of Linear Buckling Theory, Assumptions and Computational Models 291 14.3 Description of Physical Phenomena and Nonlinear Simulations in Stability Analysis 298 14.4 Analytical and Numerical Buckling Analysis for Selected Plates and Shells 301 14.5 Snap-Through and Snap-Back Phenomena Observed for Elastic Shallow Cylindrical Shells in Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis 319 References 321 15 Free Vibrations of Plates and Shells 323 15.1 Introduction 323 15.2 Natural Transverse Vibrations of a Thin Rectangular Plate 325 15.3 Parametric Analysis of Free Vibrations of Rectangular Plates 328 15.4 Natural Vibrations of Cylindrical Shells 333 15.5 Remarks 337 References 338 Part 5 Aspects of FE Analysis 339 16 Modelling Process 341 16.1 Advantages of Numerical Simulations 341 16.2 Complexity of Shell Structures Affecting FEM 342 16.3 Particular Requirements for FEs in Plate and Shell Discretization 343 References 346 17 Quality of FEs and Accuracy of Solutions in Linear Analysis 347 17.1 Order of Approximation Function versus Order of Numerical Integration Quadrature 347 17.2 Assessment of Element Quality via Spectral Analysis 347 17.3 Numerical Effects of Shear Locking and Membrane Locking 350 17.4 Examination of Element Quality     One-Element and Patch Tests 354 17.5 Benchmarks for Membranes and Plates 357 17.6 Benchmarks for Shells 359 17.7 Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Solutions, Application of Various FE Formulations 361 References 362 18 Advanced FE Formulations 365 18.1 Introduction 365 18.2 Link between Variational Formulations and FE Models 366 18.3 Advanced FEs 373 References 383 A List of Boxes with Equations 387 B List of Boxes with Data and Results for Examples 389 Index 391