Planning Indian Megacity Regions: Spatial Model, Development Dynamics and Future Advances

Series Editor’s Foreword
Foreword by Taibat Lawanson
Foreword by Dr. B. Misra
Foreword by M. L. Chotani
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
About the Author
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Evolution of Megacities and Megacity Regions
	1.1 Growth and Spatial Distribution of Large Cities
		1.1.1 Global Scenario
		1.1.2 Growth of Million-Plus Cities in India
			1.1.2.1 Geographical Distribution of M+ Cities
			1.1.2.2 Primacy at State-Level
			1.1.2.3 Constituents of Megacities
			1.1.2.4 Characteristics of Megacities in India
	1.2 Evolution of New Regional Spatial Patterns
		1.2.1 Urban Corridors
			1.2.1.1 DMIC
			1.2.1.2 Chennai–Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC)
			1.2.1.3 Bengaluru–Mumbai Economic Corridor (BMEC)
			1.2.1.4 Vizag–Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC)
			1.2.1.5 Amritsar–Kolkata Industrial Corridor (AKIC)
			1.2.1.6 Defence Corridor
			1.2.1.7 East Coast Economic Corridor
		1.2.2 Mega-Regions
		1.2.3 City/Metro-City/Megacity Regions
			1.2.3.1 City Region: Definition
			1.2.3.2 Metro-City Regions
			1.2.3.3 Megacity Regions
		1.2.4 Polycentric Regions
			1.2.4.1 Functional/Morphological Polycentricity
	Annexure 1.1
	References
2 Megacity Region Spatial Model
	2.1 Earlier Attempts
	2.2 Polarised Activity Centres Model
	2.3 Adaptation of PAC Model for Megacity Region
		2.3.1 Approach to Conceptualisation
		2.3.2 Structure of a Megacity Region
		2.3.3 Spatial Configuration
			2.3.3.1 Basis for Spatial Arrangement
			2.3.3.2 Basic Cell of the Model: A Village
			2.3.3.3 Basic Spatial Unit of the Model: Cluster of Villages
			2.3.3.4 Micro-region
			2.3.3.5 Sub-region
			2.3.3.6 Megacity Region
	2.4 Basic Characteristics of the Megacity Region Spatial Model
		2.4.1 Road Hierarchy and Pattern
			2.4.1.1 Advance Reservation for Other Transit Systems
		2.4.2 Settlement Pattern
		2.4.3 Flexibility in the Model Application
			2.4.3.1 Application to Coastal Megacity Regions
			2.4.3.2 Application as Urban Corridors
			2.4.3.3 Application to City-Regions
			2.4.3.4 Regional Spatial Unit-Wise Planning
			2.4.3.5 Flexibility to Spatial Planners
	2.5 Testing the Megacity Region Spatial Model
		2.5.1 The Radius of Influence of a Megacity
		2.5.2 Overall Spatial Configuration
		2.5.3 Total Area of the Megacity Region
		2.5.4 Hierarchical Regional Spatial Units and Their Governance
			2.5.4.1 Micro-regions
			2.5.4.2 Sub-regions
		2.5.5 Composition of Megacity Region Core
		2.5.6 Test Results
	2.6 Application of Megacity Region Spatial Model
		2.6.1 Application as a Descriptive Tool
			2.6.1.1 Appraisal of Existing Regional Plans: Examples of NCR and MMR
		2.6.2 Application as a Prescriptive Tool
			2.6.2.1 Steps for Application of the Spatial Model at Sub-regional/District Level
			2.6.2.2 Steps for Application of the Model at Micro-regional/Block Level
		2.6.3 Application of the Spatial Model to Megacity Regions in Other Countries
	Annex 2.1
	References
3 Dynamics of Megacity Regional Development
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Need for Preparation of Regional Plan for Delhi
		3.2.1 The Mass Migration of 1947–48
		3.2.2 Establishing an Institutional Framework for Regional Planning
			3.2.2.1 High Power Board
			3.2.2.2 Constitution of NCR Planning Board
	3.3 Dynamics of Spatial Development
		3.3.1 Spatial Structure
		3.3.2 Spatial Patterns
			3.3.2.1 Hierarchy of Settlements
			3.3.2.2 Settlement Pattern
			3.3.2.3 Land Utilisation Zones
			3.3.2.4 Land Cover
			3.3.2.5 Road Patterns
	3.4 Dynamics of Socio-Economic Development
		3.4.1 Policy of Containment of Delhi’s Population
		3.4.2 Policy of Dispersal of Employment-Generating Activities from Delhi
			3.4.2.1 Policy of Dispersal of Central Government Offices
			3.4.2.2 Policy of Dispersal of Wholesale Markets
			3.4.2.3 Policy of Dispersal of Industries
		3.4.3 Regional Transport Policy/Strategy
			3.4.3.1 Road-Based Transport Policy
			3.4.3.2 Policy on Rail Network
			3.4.3.3 Air Transport Policy
		3.4.4 Communication Policy
		3.4.5 Information Technology Policies
		3.4.6 Environment Policy
	3.5 Summing Up
	References
4 Megacity Regional Governance and Plan Implementation
	4.1 Effect of Megacity Regional Plan
	4.2 Megacity Regional Governance
		4.2.1 Types of Megacity Regional Governance Systems
	4.3 Regional Governing Bodies in India
		4.3.1 Ministries/Departments/Agencies
		4.3.2 Statutory Authorities
		4.3.3 Constitutional Provisions on Territorial and Local Governance
			4.3.3.1 Metropolitan Planning Committees
			4.3.3.2 District Planning Committee
			4.3.3.3 Urban Local Governing Bodies
			4.3.3.4 Rural Local Governing Bodies
	4.4 Plan Implementation
		4.4.1 Implementation Strategy
		4.4.2 Implementation Through Modifications to the Sub-Regional/Development Plans
		4.4.3 Implementation Through Statutory Provision
		4.4.4 Implementation Through Projects
			4.4.4.1 Projects by Public Sector
			4.4.4.2 Projects by Private Sector
			4.4.4.3 Projects Through Public–Private-Partnership (PPP)
			4.4.4.4 Projects Through Public-Public-Partnership
			4.4.4.5 Projects Through People-Public–Private-Partnership (PPPP)
		4.4.5 Implementation Through Central/State Government Interventions
		4.4.6 Implementation Through Advocacy
	4.5 Resource Mobilisation
		4.5.1 Land and Land Assembly
			4.5.1.1 Land Acquisition
			4.5.1.2 Land Pooling and Redistribution Scheme/Town Planning Scheme
			4.5.1.3 Accommodation Reservation
			4.5.1.4 Transferable Development Right
		4.5.2 Fiscal Resource Mobilisation
			4.5.2.1 Central/State Government Grants
			4.5.2.2 Grant Through Central Government Missions/Programmes/Schemes
			4.5.2.3 Market Borrowings
			4.5.2.4 Bilateral/Multilateral Funds
			4.5.2.5 Domestic Funds
			4.5.2.6 Internal Accruals
			4.5.2.7 Funding Through Convergence of Schemes
			4.5.2.8 Foreign Direct Investment
		4.5.3 Human Resource Mobilisation
	Annexure 4.1
	Annexure 4.2
	Annexure 4.3
	Annexure 4.4
	References
5 Emerging Advances in Regional Spatial Planning
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Transforming Global Urban Geography
	5.3 Emerging New Tools for Planning
		5.3.1 Spatial Data Infrastructure
		5.3.2 Geographic Information System
		5.3.3 Blockchain
		5.3.4 Megacity Region Spatial Model
	5.4 Innovative Spatial Planning Approaches
		5.4.1 Transit Oriented Development
		5.4.2 Performance/Outcome Based Development
		5.4.3 Zero Waste City
		5.4.4 Eco-industrial Parks
		5.4.5 Special Economic Zones
		5.4.6 One District, One Product Programme
		5.4.7 Integrated Townships
		5.4.8 Theme Cities
		5.4.9 Rurban Cluster
	5.5 Need for Megacity Regional Spatial Planning
	5.6 Evolving Manners of Regional Spatial Planning
		5.6.1 Integrated Spatial Planning
		5.6.2 Collaborative Spatial Planning
		5.6.3 Proactive Planning
	5.7 Emerging Thrust Areas in Spatial Planning
		5.7.1 Sustainability and Inclusiveness
		5.7.2 Resilience and Adaptation
			5.7.2.1 Climate Change
			5.7.2.2 Pandemic Covid-19
			5.7.2.3 Technological Changes
		5.7.3 Conservation of Heritage and Culture
		5.7.4 Fostering Innovations
	5.8 Way Forward in the 21st Century
	References