Placemaking and Cultural Landscapes

Foreword: Landscapes of Hope and Care
Preface and Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Author
Editors and Contributors
Part I The Framing
1 Interfaces Among Placemaking and Cultural Landscapes: Review and Appraisal
	1.1 Placemaking: A Vision and March
	1.2 Culture and Global Understanding
	1.3 Cultural Landscape: Enveloping Heritage
	1.4 Placemaking, Cultural Heritage, and SDGs
	References
2 Vision and Exposition of Placemaking Under ACLA: Homage and Memorial Tribute to Sung-Kyun Kim
	2.1 Initiation: Platform and Career
	2.2 Sung-Kyun Kim: Career and Leadership
	2.3 Sung-Kyun Kim: Patronizing the ACLA and Guidance
	2.4 Sung-Kyun Kim: Contributions to Placemaking and Cultural Landscape
	2.5 Sung-Kyun Kim: Vision and Action
	References
3 Pung-su: Evolving Cultural Landscapes and Placemaking in Korea
	3.1 Culture and Pung-su: Nature-Human Interconnectedness
	3.2 Pung-su in Korea
	3.3 The Attributes Framing Pung-su and Promoting Placemaking
	3.4 Hahoe (Hahwe): Village on the Winding River
	3.5 Epilogue: Concluding Remarks
	References
4 Cultural Landscapes: Integrating Culture and Nature to Uplift Global Sustainability Through the Lenses of the UN SDGs 2030 Agenda
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The Concept of Sustainability and the UN SDGs
	4.3 The Biocultural Diversity of Cultural Landscapes
	4.4 Sustainability and Cultural Landscapes
	4.5 Budj Bim, Australia, Indigenous Landscape
	4.6 Jackson Park, Unites States, Designed Historic Landscape
	4.7 UNESCO HUL and Indian Urban Heritage
	4.8 Conclusion
	References
5 Branding the Image of Religious Heritage in India
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Start of Incredible India Campaign
	5.3 An Overview of Visual Representation in Indian Tourism Campaigns
	5.4 Case Study 1: Journey to God’s Own Country
	5.5 Case Study 2: Breathe in a Bit of Gujarat
	5.6 Dynamics Between Religious Heritage and Tourism
	5.7 Evaluation-Based Image Branding
	5.8 Concluding Remarks
	Notes
	References
6 Cultural Landscapes: Essence and Application Perspectives in Georgia
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Definition, Essence and Geography of Cultural Landscape
	6.3 Traditional Agricultural (Agro) Landscapes—Peculiarities of Structure and Functioning
	6.4 Cultural Landscapes of Georgia (for UNESCO Nomination)
	6.5 Large-Scale Cultural Landscape—Historical–Geographical Province of Kakheti
	6.6 Medium-Scale Cultural Landscape—Truso Valley
	6.7 Medium-Scale Cultural Landscape (#2)—Khevsureti Mountain Region
	6.8 Small-Scale Cultural Landscape—Vardzia Canyon (Mtkvari River Valley)
	6.9 Conclusion
	References
Part II Placemaking: Identity and Exposition
7 Ayodhya, India: Placemaking and Transformation of Historic Urban Landscape
	7.1 Ayodhya: The Geographical Personality
	7.2 Historical Context
	7.3 Rāmajanmabhumi: Placemaking and Rejuvenation
	7.4 Queen Huh Memorial Park: Cultural Strategy and Placemaking of Ayodhya
	7.5 Indo-Korean Interfaces in Placemaking Through Queen Hue Memorial Park
	7.6 Prospecting Placemaking: Reviving the Essence of Holy-Heritage Cities
	References
8 Placemaking Approach in Revitalizing Cultural Tourism in Temple Towns: Case of Melukote, Karnataka
	8.1 Introduction: Temple Towns as Cultural Landscapes
	8.2 Methodology
	8.3 Need to Revitalize the Temple Towns as Heritage Sites
	8.4 Placemaking as a Strategy for Revitalizing Temple Towns and Foster Cultural Tourism
	8.5 Context Study of a Cultural and Heritage Site—Melukote, Temple Town South Karnataka
		8.5.1 Tangible and Intangible Layers of Melukote
	8.6 Context Study and Analysis
	8.7 Proposed Placemaking Strategies for Temple Town—Context Melukote
	8.8 Conclusion
	References
9 The Challenges of Integrated Conservation and Development in Historic Rural Landscapes; Case Study: The Historic Villages of East Azerbaijan, Iran
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Historic Rural Landscape
	9.3 Challenges in the Conservation of Historic Rural Environments
	9.4 Challenges of Rural Development and Conservation in Iran
	9.5 Case Study: Four Villages in the East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
		9.5.1 Historic Rural Landscape of Ushtabin, Jolfa, Iran
		9.5.2 Historic Rural Landscape of Kandovan, Osku, Iran
		9.5.3 Historic Rural Landscape of Jeraghil, Azarshahr, Iran
		9.5.4 Historic Rural Landscape of Zonuzaq, Marand, Iran
	9.6 Existing Challenges in Historic Rural Landscape of East Azerbaijan Villages
	9.7 Concluding Remarks
	References
10 Chinese Cities as Sacred Landscapes: The Case of the Capitals of the Ming Dynasty
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 The Project of Ming Nanjing
	10.3 The City Walls
	10.4 The Imperial Palace
	10.5 The New Capital in Fengyang
		10.5.1 The Urban Plan
		10.5.2 The Sacred Landscape of the New Capital
	10.6 Ming Beijing
		10.6.1 The Urban Plan
		10.6.2 Astronomy and Feng Shui of Ming Beijing
	10.7 Conclusions
	References
11 Archetypal Characters of Sacred Places and Cultural Landscape: Sansa, Korean Buddhist Mountain Monasteries Comparing Cistercian Architecture
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Buddhism in Korea and Sansa Construction
	11.3 The Uniqueness of Sansa
		11.3.1 Tongdosa Temple
		11.3.2 Buseoksa Temple
		11.3.3 Bongjeongsa Temple
		11.3.4 Beopjusa Temple
		11.3.5 Magoksa Temple
		11.3.6 Seonamsa Temple
		11.3.7 Daeheungsa Temple
	11.4 Comparison Between the Seven Sansa Temples
	11.5 The Archetypal Characters in Formulating Sacred Sansa
	11.6 The New Cistercian Order in the European Medieval Christian World
		11.6.1 Isolated Natural Settings Near Water
		11.6.2 Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090–1153)
		11.6.3 Cistercian Architecture in Simplicity
		11.6.4 Tintern Abbey: Sacred-Industrial-Tourist Place
	11.7 Buddhist Sansa and Cistercian Sacred Building in the Monastery Setting
	11.8 Cultural Landscape and Sensing Spirits of Places
	11.9 Concluding Remarks
	References
12 Placemaking of the Barotse Cultural Landscape, Zambia
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Barotse Cultural Landscape
	12.3 Elements of the Barotse Cultural Landscape
		12.3.1 Royal Burial Sites
		12.3.2 The Kuomboka Ceremony
		12.3.3 Historic Canals
		12.3.4 Royal Palaces
		12.3.5 Mounds
		12.3.6 Liuwa National Park
		12.3.7 Natural Resources
		12.3.8 Other Elements of the Barotse Cultural Landscape
	12.4 Management System
	12.5 Factors Affecting the Management of the Barotse Cultural Landscape
		12.5.1 Change with Time
		12.5.2 Adoption of a Foreign Religion
		12.5.3 Leadership in Barotseland
	12.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
13 Pandemics, Situational Under-Tourism, and the Search for Sustainability
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Epidemics vs. Pandemics
	13.3 Pandemics and Tourism
	13.4 New Normal
	13.5 Situational Under-Tourism
	13.6 Conclusion: The Search for Sustainability
	References
14 Post-COVID-19 Strategies: Cloisters as Urban Oasis to Reconnect Heritage and Communities
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Florentine Heritage of Religious Interest and Cloisters
	14.3 The Framework of the UNESCO Initiative on Heritage of Religious Interest
	14.4 The Florentine Experience
	14.5 Future Perspectives: Need of a Census and a Geo-referencing of Cloisters
	14.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Part III Cultural Landscapes: Emergence and Scenario
15 Archaeological Sites in Northern Japan: Interfacing Landscape and Sacred Rituals
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Jomon Culture: The History
	15.3 Jomon Archaeological Sites
		15.3.1 Odai Yamamoto Site
		15.3.2 Sannai Maruyama Site
		15.3.3 Komakino Stone Circle
		15.3.4 Oyu Stone Circles
		15.3.5 Kitakogane Site
		15.3.6 Irie Site
	15.4 Sacred Stone Circles
	15.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
16 (Dis)Continuous Spiritual Significance and Ritual Use of Çatalhöyük and Ephesus Archaeological Landscapes: A Comparative Historical Overview
	16.1 Introduction: World Heritage of Spiritual Significance as a Source of Conflict or Dialogue?
	16.2 Tolerance Without Acceptance: “The Goddess” at Çatalhöyük
	16.3 Acceptance Without Tolerance: “The Mother” at Ephesus
	16.4 Discussion: (Dis)Continuities in Comparative Perspective
	16.5 Concluding Remarks
	References
17 Cultural Landscape Modelling: A Practical Approach for Evaluating Sustainability. The Historic Village “Maymand” in Iran
	17.1 Introduction
	17.2 Theoretical Frameworks
		17.2.1 Cultural Landscape Characters
		17.2.2 Cultural Landscape of Iran
		17.2.3 Cultural and Environmental Value in the Rural Landscape
		17.2.4 Rural Landscape Sustainability
	17.3 Meymand, Kerman Province, Iran
	17.4 Finding and Discussion
		17.4.1 Spatial Patterns and Culture
		17.4.2 Paradox of Economy and Environment
		17.4.3 Cultural and Environmental Value in Meymand
		17.4.4 Spatial Patterns and Natural Environment
		17.4.5 Economy
	17.5 Conclusion
	References
18 Reuse of Unoccupied Religious Monuments for Tourist Accommodation: Santa Maria da Ínsua (North of Portugal)
	18.1 Introduction
	18.2 Cultural Heritage and Tourism
	18.3 The Revive Programme
	18.4 The Convent and Fortress of Santa Maria da Ínsua in Caminha
		18.4.1 Historical Framework
		18.4.2 Architecture and Outstanding Value
		18.4.3 Strategies for Heritage Protection
	18.5 The Tourism-Related Indicators of Caminha
	18.6 Discussion
	18.7 Conclusion
	References
19 Survival of Heritage in Majuli in the Context of Climate Change
	19.1 Questioning the Survival and the Place Personality
	19.2 Heritage
	19.3 Resilience to Foster Cultural Rights and Justice
	19.4 Heritage of Majuli
	19.5 Observations from the Field
	19.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
20 ‘Pūch’ as an Institution for Maintaining the Cultural Landscape of the Kullu Valley
	20.1 Introduction
	20.2 Literature Review
	20.3 The Institution of Pūch in the Kullu Valley: The Land, the Debatās, and the People
	20.4 Shamanistic Rituals, Pūch, and Environmental Management
	20.5 Concluding Remarks
	References