Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract

Front Cover
 Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract
 Copyright
 Contents
 Contributors
 Preface
 Volume 1
 Section I: Basic Cell Physiology, Genetics, and Growth of the GI Tract
 Chapter 1: Transcription and Epigenetic Regulation
 1.1. Overview of Gene Organization
 1.1.1 Nucleic Acids
 1.1.2 Nucleic Acid Polymers: DNA, RNA
 1.1.3 Gene Composition
 1.1.4 RNA Species
 1.1.5 Linking Gene Structure to Function
 1.2. Epigenetic Influences
 1.2.1 DNA Methylation
 1.2.2 Histone Modifications
 1.2.2.1 Histone Acetylation
 1.2.2.2 Histone Methylation
 1.2.2.2.1 Histone Methylation at Lysines. 1.2.2.2.2 Histone Methylation at Arginines1.2.2.3 Histone Phosphorylation
 1.2.3 Chromatin-Binding Proteins
 1.2.4 Epigenetics and Development
 1.2.5 Epigenetics and Cancer
 1.3. Anatomy of a Gene Promoter
 1.3.1 DNA Elements
 1.4. Methodology
 1.4.1 Structural Methods
 1.4.1.1 Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assays
 1.4.1.2 Microarray Technology
 1.4.1.3 Whole Genome Sequencing
 1.4.1.4 Proteomics
 1.4.1.5 Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
 1.5. Posttranscriptional Processing
 1.5.1 Polyadenylation
 1.5.2 RNA Splicing
 1.5.2.1 The Spliceosome
 1.5.2.2 Alternative Splicing. 1.5.2.3 Regulated Posttranscriptional Mechanismsâ#x80
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mRNA Stability1.5.2.4 Regulated Posttranscriptional Mechanismsâ#x80
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mRNAs
 1.6. Transport Across the Nuclear Membrane
 1.7. Concluding Remarks
 Acknowledgment
 References
 Chapter 2: Gastrointestinal Hormones
 2.1. Introduction
 2.1.1 Production and Processing of Peptides by Enteroendocrine Cells
 2.1.2 How Do EECs Respond to Nutrition-Related Stimuli?
 2.1.3 Pathophysiology Affecting Multiple Enteroendocrine Cell Subtypes
 2.1.4 Details of Specific Gut Hormones With Known Biological and Pathophysiological Roles
 2.2. Gastrin
 2.2.1 Synthesis. 2.2.2 Secretion2.2.3 Function
 2.2.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.3. SST
 2.3.1 Synthesis
 2.3.2 Secretion
 2.3.3 Receptors
 2.3.4 Function
 2.3.4.1 Stomach
 2.3.4.2 Gastrointestinal Motility
 2.3.4.3 Intestinal and Pancreatic Endocrine and Exocrine Secretion
 2.3.4.4 Splanchnic Circulation
 2.3.5 Clinical Aspects
 2.4. Ghrelin
 2.4.1 Synthesis
 2.4.2 Secretion
 2.4.3 Function
 2.4.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.5. CCK
 2.5.1 Synthesis
 2.5.2 Secretion
 2.5.3 Function
 2.5.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.6. Secretin
 2.6.1 Synthesis
 2.6.2 Secretion
 2.6.3 Function
 2.6.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.7. Motilin
 2.7.1 Secretion. 2.7.2 Function2.7.3 Clinical Aspects
 2.8. Neurotensin
 2.8.1 Synthesis
 2.8.2 Secretion
 2.8.3 Function
 2.8.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.9. GIP
 2.9.1 Synthesis
 2.9.2 Secretion
 2.9.3 Function
 2.9.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.10. Proglucagon-Derived Peptides
 2.10.1 Synthesis
 2.10.2 Secretion
 2.10.3 GLP-1
 2.10.4 GLP-2
 2.10.5 Oxyntomodulin
 2.10.6 Glicentin
 2.11. PYY
 2.11.1 Synthesis
 2.11.2 Secretion
 2.11.3 Function
 2.11.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.12. Insulin-Like Peptide 5
 2.12.1 Synthesis
 2.12.2 Secretion
 2.12.3 Function
 2.12.4 Clinical Aspects
 2.13. Serotonin and Histamine.