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از ساعت 7 صبح تا 10 شب
ویرایش: سری: ISBN (شابک) : 1061071081 ناشر: سال نشر: 1978 تعداد صفحات: 427 زبان: English فرمت فایل : DJVU (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 4 مگابایت
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Physics Reports vol.47 به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب گزارش فیزیک جلد 47 نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
Contents......Page 7
Table of Cases......Page 20
Table of Statutes......Page 56
Preface......Page 61
Acknowledgments......Page 62
Chapter 1 An introduction to law school......Page 63
1.1.1 Understand what law is......Page 64
1.1.2 Work effectively at law school......Page 65
The common law method......Page 66
Legal problem solving......Page 67
Research......Page 68
1.1.4 Remember that reputation matters......Page 69
1.1.5 Be seen at law school......Page 70
1.2 Conclusion......Page 71
Chapter 2 Theories of contract law......Page 72
2.1.1 History......Page 73
Standard form contracts......Page 75
Hypothetical and actual consent......Page 76
2.2 The contract as promise......Page 78
2.3 The contract as property......Page 80
2.3.1 Property and the reliance theory of contract......Page 82
The harm principle......Page 83
The corrective justice principle......Page 84
Chapter 3 Offer......Page 85
3.0 Introduction......Page 86
3.1 Offer and acceptance......Page 87
3.2.1 Is there an offer?......Page 88
3.2.2 The existence of a definite promise......Page 90
3.3 Invitations to treat......Page 91
3.4 Mere puffery......Page 94
3.5.2 Shop sales......Page 98
3.5.3 Auctions......Page 99
3.5.5 Ticket cases......Page 100
3.6 Termination of offers......Page 110
3.6.1 Revoking a unilateral contract......Page 111
Chapter 4 Acceptance......Page 115
4.1.1 ‘A meeting of minds’......Page 116
4.1.2 Consciousness of the offer......Page 118
4.2 Communication of the acceptance......Page 119
4.2.2 Acceptance by conduct......Page 121
4.3.1 The postal rule......Page 123
4.3.2 Instantaneous methods of communication......Page 126
Chapter 5 Consideration......Page 131
5.1 Defining consideration......Page 132
5.1.1 The benefit/detriment requirement......Page 133
5.1.2 The bargain requirement......Page 134
5.2 Consideration must move from the promisee......Page 135
5.3.1 Adequacy......Page 136
5.3.2 Sufficiency......Page 137
5.4 Illusory consideration......Page 138
5.5 Past consideration is not adequate consideration......Page 139
5.6.1 Compromise......Page 140
5.7 Existing duties......Page 141
5.7.2 Existing duty imposed by a contract in which the promisee is already bound......Page 142
5.8 Promises to pay lesser sums......Page 146
Chapter 6 Capacity to contract......Page 149
6.1.1 The position under the common law......Page 150
6.1.2 Statutory amendments to the common law......Page 151
6.2 Mentally disabled and intoxicated persons......Page 153
6.3.1 What is a corporation?......Page 155
6.3.2 Legal capacity to contract......Page 156
6.3.3 Contracts preceding incorporation......Page 157
6.4 Unincorporated associations......Page 158
6.4.1 Liability of committees......Page 159
6.5 The Crown......Page 160
6.6.1 Vesting and transfer of property on bankruptcy......Page 162
6.6.2 Disclaiming onerous property......Page 163
6.6.3 Rights and responsibilities following bankruptcy......Page 164
6.7 Married women......Page 166
Chapter 7 Intention to create legal relations......Page 168
7.0 Introduction......Page 169
7.1 Domestic arrangements......Page 170
7.1.1 From presumption to construction......Page 171
7.2.1 Express exclusions......Page 172
7.2.2 Mere representations and puffery......Page 173
7.2.3 From presumption to construction......Page 175
Ermogenous v Greek Orthodox Community of SA Inc......Page 176
7.3.1 Government schemes and agreements......Page 178
7.3.2 Voluntary associations......Page 179
7.3.3 Registered companies......Page 180
Chapter 8 Certainty and completeness......Page 182
8.0 Introduction......Page 183
8.1.1 Severability......Page 185
8.1.2 Clauses capable of more than one meaning......Page 187
8.1.3 Discretion and ‘subject to finance’ clauses......Page 189
8.2 Illusory promises......Page 192
8.3 Completeness......Page 194
8.3.1 Specific performance......Page 195
8.4 Agreements to negotiate in good faith......Page 197
Chapter 9 Estoppel......Page 203
9.1 The concept of estoppel......Page 204
9.1.1 A unified doctrine of estoppel?......Page 206
9.1.2 An argument for maintaining the distinction......Page 208
9.2 Promissory estoppel......Page 210
9.2.1 Elements......Page 217
iii Detrimental reliance......Page 219
vi Unconscionability......Page 220
9.2.2 Relief under equitable estoppel......Page 221
9.3 Common law estoppel......Page 223
Chapter 10 Formalities......Page 225
10.1 Statute of Frauds......Page 226
10.1.1 Relevant provisions......Page 228
What should the written evidence contain?......Page 232
10.1.2 Signature......Page 234
10.1.3 Joinder of documents......Page 236
Parol and oral evidence......Page 239
10.2.1 Acceptance......Page 240
10.3 Effect of non-compliance......Page 241
10.4 Part performance......Page 242
Chapter 11 Express terms......Page 249
11.1 Pre-contractual terms......Page 250
11.1.1 Promissory nature......Page 252
11.2 Incorporation of terms......Page 258
11.2.1 Incorporation by signature......Page 259
11.2.2 Incorporation by reference and reasonable notice......Page 260
11.2.3 Incorporation through course of dealing......Page 261
Chapter 12 Construing terms......Page 264
12.1.1 Parol evidence rule......Page 265
Partly oral and partly written contracts......Page 268
Collateral contracts......Page 271
Variation of contracts and rectification of documents......Page 272
12.2 Extrinsic evidence admitted in the interpretation of documents......Page 273
12.2.1 Evidence of subjective intention......Page 274
12.2.3 Evidence of customary or common usage......Page 276
12.2.4 Evidence of subsequent conduct......Page 277
12.4 Estoppel and the construction of written contracts......Page 278
Chapter 13 Implied terms......Page 282
13.1 Terms implied in fact......Page 283
13.1.1 Formal contracts......Page 284
Business efficacy......Page 285
Obviousness......Page 286
Consistency......Page 288
13.2 Terms implied by custom......Page 289
13.3 Terms implied by law......Page 291
13.3.1 The implied duty of good faith......Page 293
The development of the implied duty of good faith......Page 294
13.3.2 The implied duty to cooperate......Page 298
Chapter 14 Privity of contract......Page 301
14.1 The development of the privity rule......Page 302
14.2 Privity of contract......Page 305
14.2.1 Privity and the doctrine of consideration......Page 307
14.3 Remedies......Page 309
14.3.1 Damages at common law......Page 310
14.3.2 Remedies in equity......Page 313
Trusts......Page 316
14.4 Trident v McNiece......Page 318
14.5 Exceptions to the privity rule......Page 329
14.6 Third party beneficiaries and exclusion clauses......Page 330
Chapter 15 The doctrine of frustration......Page 332
15.1 The application of the doctrine......Page 333
15.1.2 Without the fault of either party......Page 338
Onus of proof......Page 341
15.1.3 Radically alter the performance of the contract......Page 345
15.2.1 External events......Page 347
15.2.2 Personality: death or incapacity......Page 348
15.2.4 Frustration of purpose: the principle of Krell v Henry......Page 349
15.2.5 Uncontemplated events......Page 350
15.2.7 Illegality......Page 351
15.2.8 War......Page 352
15.2.9 Delay......Page 353
15.4 Land......Page 354
15.5.1 Automatic discharge of obligation......Page 358
15.5.2 Discharge in futuro......Page 360
Chapter 16 Misrepresentation......Page 365
16.0 Introduction......Page 366
16.2 Positive misrepresentation......Page 367
16.2.1 Mere puffery......Page 368
16.2.2 Statements of opinion......Page 371
16.2.3 Statements of intention......Page 373
16.2.4 Statements of law......Page 374
16.3 Silence......Page 377
16.3.1 Where the silence distorts some positive representation......Page 378
16.3.3 Where the parties are in a fiduciary relationship......Page 381
16.4.2 Negligent misrepresentation......Page 382
16.6 Who may sue for misrepresentation?......Page 384
Where the statement is non-inducing......Page 385
Where the plaintiff does not act on the representation......Page 386
16.7 Rescission......Page 387
Chapter 17 Misleading or deceptive conduct......Page 390
17.1 The objective of s 18......Page 391
17.2 Conduct in trade or commerce......Page 392
17.3.1 The Taco Bell steps......Page 396
17.3.2 The ordinary and reasonable person......Page 398
17.4.2 Silence where disclosure is expected......Page 401
17.4.5 Character merchandising......Page 402
Chapter 18 Unconscionable conduct......Page 405
18.1 The elements of unconscionability......Page 406
18.1.1 Special disadvantage......Page 408
Constitutional or situational disadvantage......Page 409
Limitations to the concept of special disadvantage......Page 410
ACCC v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd......Page 412
Bridgewater v Leahy......Page 415
Louth v Diprose......Page 420
18.4 Statutory unconscionability......Page 426
Chapter 19 Undue influence......Page 430
19.0 Introduction......Page 431
19.1.1 Actual undue influence......Page 432
19.1.2 Presumed undue influence......Page 434
19.2.2 Guardian and ward......Page 440
19.2.3 Religious adviser and disciple......Page 442
19.3.1 Independent advice......Page 449
19.4 The principle in Yerkey v Jones......Page 450
19.5 Remedies......Page 454
Chapter 20 Duress......Page 457
20.1 The elements of duress......Page 458
20.2.1 Duress, undue influence and unconscionability......Page 459
20.3 Contracts made under duress are voidable......Page 460
Threats of violence......Page 461
Other threats......Page 462
20.4.3 Economic duress......Page 463
20.5 The overborne will and the nature of the threat......Page 470
20.5.2 The nature of the threat......Page 471
20.6 Causation......Page 475
20.7 Remedies......Page 476
Chapter 21 Unfair contract terms......Page 478
21.1 The Australian Consumer Law......Page 479
21.2 The rationale behind the Unfair Contract Terms regime......Page 480
21.3.1 A consumer contract......Page 482
21.3.2 A standard form contract......Page 483
21.3.3 An unfair term......Page 484
The ACL’s examples of unfair terms......Page 485
21.4 Remedies......Page 486
Chapter 22 Mistake......Page 489
22.0 Introduction......Page 490
22.1.1 Unilateral mistake as to identity......Page 492
When the parties have contracted at a distance......Page 493
When the parties have contracted face to face......Page 494
22.1.3 Unilateral mistake as to terms......Page 495
22.1.4 ‘Snapping up’ an offer......Page 496
22.2 Common and mutual mistake......Page 497
22.3.1 Identifying the subject matter......Page 498
Absence of subject matter......Page 499
22.4 Other categories of mistake......Page 501
22.5.1 Rescission......Page 502
22.5.4 Rectification......Page 506
For common mistake......Page 507
For unilateral mistake......Page 508
Chapter 23 Termination for breach......Page 513
23.1 Right to terminate conferred by contract......Page 514
23.1.2 Effect......Page 515
23.2.1 Repudiation......Page 517
Anticipatory breach......Page 521
23.2.2 Breach of essential term or condition......Page 522
23.2.3 Breach causing loss of substantial benefit......Page 525
23.3 Election to affirm the contract......Page 526
Chapter 24 Discharge of contract by performance and agreement......Page 532
24.1.1 Time of performance......Page 533
Application of the equitable rules......Page 534
24.1.2 Order of performance......Page 535
24.1.3 Level of performance......Page 536
24.3 Discharge by express or implied contractual terms......Page 537
Contingent condition to performance and formation......Page 539
Relevance of the duty to cooperate......Page 540
24.3.2 Non-fulfilment of contingent conditions......Page 541
Consequences of the non-fulfilment of a contingent condition......Page 542
Restrictions on the right to terminate......Page 544
Effect of termination......Page 546
24.4 Discharge by subsequent agreement......Page 547
24.6 Estoppel and termination......Page 548
Chapter 25 Common law damages......Page 552
25.1 Damages......Page 553
25.1.2 Proof of loss......Page 554
25.2.1 Expectation damages and reliance damages......Page 555
Loss of profits......Page 559
Loss of chance or opportunity......Page 560
Loss of use of money......Page 562
Mental distress and loss of reputation......Page 563
25.3 Account of profits (disgorgement)......Page 564
25.4 Liquidated damages......Page 566
25.5 Valuation and assessment......Page 568
25.5.1 Market value......Page 570
25.7 Proportionate liability......Page 573
Chapter 26 Limitations on the award of damages......Page 576
26.1.1 The ‘but for’ test......Page 577
26.1.3 Intervening events......Page 578
Contributory negligence breaking the chain of causation......Page 584
Intervening event created or enlarged by the breach......Page 587
26.2 Remoteness......Page 588
26.2.1 Hadley v Baxendale......Page 589
The first limb of Hadley v Baxendale......Page 590
The second limb of Hadley v Baxendale......Page 591
26.3 Mitigation......Page 593
26.3.2 Reasonable steps......Page 594
26.3.3 The impecunious plaintiff......Page 595
26.3.4 Attempts at mitigation which increase loss......Page 596
Chapter 27 Restitution and debt......Page 600
27.1 Restitution and contract provisions......Page 601
Failure of consideration......Page 602
27.2.3 Defences to claims for money......Page 604
27.3.1 The doctrine of substantial performance......Page 606
27.4 Deposits......Page 608
Chapter 28 Equitable remedies......Page 611
Consideration......Page 612
Inadequacy of common law damages......Page 613
(ii) Hardship to the defendant......Page 614
(iv) Readiness and willingness of the plaintiff to perform......Page 615
(v) Contracts for personal services......Page 618
(vi) Constant supervision by the court......Page 619
28.2 Injunctions......Page 620
28.4 Equitable damages......Page 621
Index......Page 624