Physics Reports vol.389

PR_v389_p000......Page 1
Light dripline nuclei......Page 5
Introduction......Page 6
Physics at the driplines---a brief history......Page 7
Production of dripline nuclei......Page 10
Experiments in the dripline regions......Page 11
Halo states in dripline nuclei......Page 13
General conditions for halo occurrence......Page 15
Determinations of the size of halo states......Page 16
Two-body halos......Page 21
Three-body halos......Page 26
The A=8 isobar......Page 28
The five-body structure of 8He......Page 29
Continuum excitations......Page 30
Molecular structure......Page 33
Magic numbers......Page 34
Unbound He isotopes......Page 36
The N=7 isotones......Page 38
Beyond the proton dripline......Page 40
Beta-decays at the driplines......Page 42
Exotica and new possibilities......Page 47
References......Page 50
Mesons beyond the naive quark model......Page 64
Introduction......Page 65
The light meson spectrum......Page 66
Jaffe's four-quark states......Page 69
One-pion exchange......Page 73
Predictions for deuteronlike meson--meson bound states......Page 75
Are the scalars below 1GeV non-qq states?......Page 77
The hadronic widths of the a0(980) and f0(980) mesons......Page 78
Radiative widths of the phi(1020) to a0(980)gamma and f0(980)gamma......Page 79
The f0(980) produced in Ds3pi......Page 82
A possible interpretation of the nature of a0(980) and f0(980)......Page 83
The f0(600) (or sigma)......Page 84
The kappa(800)......Page 87
Observation of a charm-strange state DsJ(2317)......Page 88
Do we have a complete scalar nonet below 1 GeV?......Page 90
Theoretical predictions......Page 91
Is the f0(1500) meson the ground state scalar glueball?......Page 93
Hadronic decay width......Page 95
2gamma-decay width......Page 98
Mixing with qq states......Page 99
The tensor glueball......Page 100
The pseudoscalar glueball......Page 102
Theoretical predictions......Page 105
A 1- + exotic meson, the pi1(1400)......Page 107
Another 1- + exotic meson, the pi1(1600)......Page 111
Other hybrid candidates......Page 113
Conclusions and outlook......Page 114
References......Page 116
Dynamics of ionization in atomic collisions......Page 121
Introduction......Page 122
Time-dependent theory......Page 123
Born approximation......Page 125
Distorted wave theories......Page 128
Coupled channel approximations......Page 132
Direct solutions of time-dependent Schrödinger equation......Page 137
General formalism......Page 140
S-ionization and superpromotion......Page 141
T-ionization and top-of-barrier electrons......Page 143
D-ionization and radial decoupling......Page 145
Scale transformation of Solov'ev and Vinitsky......Page 146
Sturmian basis......Page 148
Wave functions and transition amplitudes in Fourier space......Page 149
Numerical solutions......Page 152
Total ionization cross sections......Page 153
Differential cross sections......Page 155
Conclusions......Page 157
References......Page 158
The covariant-evolution-operator method in bound-state QED......Page 162
Introduction......Page 164
General......Page 166
Perturbation theory. Extended model space......Page 168
Second quantization. The electron-field operators......Page 170
The linked-diagram expansion......Page 173
All-order procedures. The coupled-cluster approach......Page 174
Coupled-cluster approach......Page 175
Pair correlation......Page 176
Numerical evaluation......Page 177
No-virtual-pair approximation......Page 178
General......Page 180
The time-evolution operator......Page 182
Nondegenerate case......Page 183
Extended model space. The generalized Gell--Mann--Low relation......Page 186
The reduced time-evolution operator......Page 188
Wave operator and effective Hamiltonian......Page 189
Time-independent interactions......Page 191
Time-dependent interactions......Page 194
Generalization to all orders......Page 197
S-matrix formulation......Page 199
Single-photon exchange. The photon propagator......Page 200
S-matrix for single-photon exchange......Page 201
The electron propagator......Page 203
The electron self-energy......Page 205
Self-energy renormalization......Page 207
The vacuum polarization......Page 208
Single-photon exchange......Page 209
Single-photon exchange. Alt.......Page 211
Nonradiative two-photon exchange......Page 212
Separable ladder diagram......Page 213
Electron self-energy......Page 215
Screened self-energy......Page 216
Fourier transform of the covariant evolution operator......Page 219
General......Page 220
The Fourier transform of the two-times Green's function......Page 222
Extended model space. (Quasi)degeneracy......Page 223
Irreducible part......Page 229
Reducible part......Page 230
General comparison between the Green's-function and the evolution-operator methods......Page 231
Hyperfine structure and Zeeman effect......Page 233
Applications on heliumlike ions......Page 234
Possibilities of merging of QED with MBPT......Page 236
Comparison of QED with MBPT......Page 237
The Bethe--Salpeter equation......Page 238
Pair functions with `uncontracted' photons......Page 240
Acknowledgements......Page 243
Evaluation of the single-photon exchange......Page 244
Evaluation of the two-photon ladder diagram......Page 247
Evaluation of the screened self-energy diagram......Page 250
Two-photon ladder......Page 251
Separable and nonseparable parts......Page 253
General rules......Page 255
Two-photon cross......Page 256
Screened self-energy......Page 257
References......Page 258
Nuclear spinodal fragmentation......Page 263
Introduction......Page 266
General features of thermodynamic stability......Page 268
Phase coexistence and spinodal instability......Page 270
Uniform matter......Page 272
Van der Waals fluid......Page 273
Nuclear matter......Page 274
Spinodal instability in classical many-body systems......Page 276
Two-component systems......Page 277
Mechanical and chemical stability in asymmetric nuclear matter......Page 279
Two-component nuclear matter......Page 281
Finite systems......Page 285
Isochore canonical ensembles......Page 287
Spinodal instability in molecular dynamics......Page 288
Concluding remarks about thermodynamics......Page 290
Onset of spinodal fragmentation......Page 292
Nuclear matter......Page 293
Hydrodynamical instabilities in classical fluids......Page 294
Collective motion in Fermi fluids......Page 295
The unstable response of Fermi liquids......Page 297
Linear response in semi-classical approaches......Page 300
Refined analysis of the linear-response treatment......Page 305
Role of the damping mechanism......Page 306
Evolving systems......Page 307
Linear response in quantum approaches......Page 308
Instabilities in asymmetric nuclear matter......Page 310
Thomas--Fermi dynamics......Page 314
Expanding nuclear systems......Page 317
Diabatic effects......Page 318
Quantal description of instabilities......Page 321
Concluding remarks about instabilities in finite systems......Page 330
From the linear regime towards chaotic evolution......Page 331
Chaos and collective motion......Page 332
Exploratory dynamical simulations......Page 337
Mean-field studies of fragmentation......Page 338
Nuclear Boltzmann dynamics......Page 339
Boltzmann--Langevin model......Page 341
Basic features......Page 342
Linearization of collective stochastic dynamics......Page 343
Lattice simulations of Boltzmann--Langevin dynamics......Page 347
Refinements......Page 350
Approximate Boltzmann--Langevin dynamics......Page 352
Reliability of one-body treatments......Page 354
Brownian one-body dynamics......Page 355
Concluding remarks about spinodal dynamics......Page 356
Entering the spinodal zone......Page 357
Role of heating and compression in semi-classical expansion......Page 360
Expansion and dissipation in TDHF simulations......Page 362
Role of the fluctuations on the expansion dynamics......Page 364
Investigations with many-body approaches......Page 366
Fragmentation studies......Page 369
Fragmentation with molecular dynamics......Page 370
First stochastic one-body simulations......Page 371
BOB simulations......Page 373
Isospin dependence of spinodal fragmentation......Page 376
Fragmentation of dilute isobars with A=197......Page 377
Radial collective flow......Page 382
Correlation between particles and fragments......Page 383
Temperature of the emitting source......Page 384
Comparison with the INDRA data......Page 385
Fragment velocity correlations......Page 389
Partition correlations......Page 391
Discussion......Page 392
Perspectives......Page 394
Acknowledgements......Page 396
Basics......Page 397
Thermodynamics......Page 398
Statistical weight......Page 399
Hot nuclei......Page 400
Landau parameters......Page 401
Density ripples......Page 402
Collective modes in unstable nuclear matter......Page 403
Appendix B. Boltzmann--Langevin transport treatment......Page 404
Expansion around the mean trajectory......Page 407
Lattice simulation method......Page 408
Simplified Boltzmann--Langevin model......Page 411
Minimal model......Page 412
Memory effects......Page 414
Relativistic formulation......Page 417
Fermi surface moments of higher degree......Page 418
Angular averages......Page 420
Legendre expansion......Page 421
Overlap matrix and dual basis......Page 422
Source terms......Page 423
Comoving variables......Page 424
Linear response......Page 425
Appendix E. Spinodal fragmentation in FMD......Page 427
Static properties......Page 428
Early fragmentation dynamics in dilute systems......Page 429
AMD framework......Page 430
Phase transitions in finite systems......Page 431
Dynamical evolution of excited and dilute finite systems......Page 432
Further developments of molecular dynamics......Page 433
References......Page 434
PR_v389_p441......Page 441