Physics of Biological Action and Perception

Front Cover
Physics of Biological Action and Perception
Physics of Biological Action and Perception
Contents
Preface
The preamble
1 - Introduction
2 - Definition of living system
	2.1 Specific features of parametric control
	2.2 Examples of Biological Physical Laws from movement science
		2.2.1 Stretch reflex
		2.2.2 Other reflexes as Biological Physical Laws
		2.2.3 Predictive (feedforward) aspects of behaviors
		2.2.4 Where do Biological Physical Laws come from?
3 - Redundancy and abundance
	3.1 Problems of motor redundancy
		3.1.1 Optimization of movements
		3.1.2 Inverse optimization
		3.1.3 Optimal feedback control
	3.2 Systems of coordinate: how to count degrees of freedom
	3.3 Principle of abundance
4 - Stability in abundant systems
	4.1 Definitions and examples of stability
	4.2 Task-specific stability and the concept of uncontrolled manifold
	4.3 Synergies stabilizing action
		4.3.1 Kinetic, kinematic, and muscle activation synergies
		4.3.2 Anticipatory control of stability
		4.3.3 Physiological mechanisms of synergies
		4.3.4 Impaired control of stability
		4.3.5 Stability and optimality
	4.4 Activity of neuronal populations and action stability
	4.5 Dealing with strong perturbations
5 - Control with referent coordinates
	5.1 The equilibrium-point hypothesis: the muscle level
	5.2 Control at the joint level
	5.3 Control at the effector level
	5.4 Drifts in performance as natural behaviors
		5.4.1 Drifts in force production tasks
		5.4.2 Complex force and phase drifts
		5.4.3 Drifts in kinematic tasks
		5.4.4 Drifts during standing
		5.4.5 Performance drifts in more natural actions
	5.5 Brain mechanisms of control with referent coordinates
		5.5.1 Neuronal populations and encoding of referent coordinates
	5.6 Movement stability in the space of control variables
		5.6.1 Referent coordinate–based synergies
		5.6.2 Unintentional changes in performance at the referent coordinate level
		5.6.3 Are there descending and ascending synergies?
		5.6.4 Why do people coactivate muscles?
	5.7 Disordered control with referent coordinates
		5.7.1 Movements after loss of sensory feedback
		5.7.2 Spasticity
		5.7.3 Impaired control of stability (ICS syndrome)
		5.7.4 Using control tools in an unusual way
6 - Kinesthetic perception
	6.1 Main proprioceptors and what they measure
		6.1.1 Problems with measuring percepts
	6.2 Efferent copy
	6.3 Vibration-induced kinesthetic illusions
	6.4 Perceptual stability
	6.5 Transformations involved in actions and perceptions
		6.5.1 The Kohnstamm phenomenon and podokinetic effect
	6.6 The concept of iso-perceptual manifold
		6.6.1 Counting dimensions within the IPM
	6.7 Motor equivalence and perceptual equivalence
		6.7.1 Motor equivalence and structure of variance
		6.7.2 Perceptual equivalence
		6.7.3 Allowed and disallowed percepts
		6.7.4 Linked perception of kinematic and kinetic variables
	6.8 Other well-known and unknown illusions
7 - Stability of Gist
	7.1 Encoding–decoding within the body
	7.2 Gist–Text–Gist transformations
	7.3 Systems of coordinate: the Iso-Gist Manifold
		7.3.1 Moving to an Iso-Gist Manifold: the role of preconceptions
	7.4 Stability of sound versus stability of Gist
	7.5 Structured variance: the “Chinese Room” problem
	7.6 Playing chess
		7.6.1 Information–action coupling
8 - Problems and conjectures
References
Index
	A
	B
	C
	D
	E
	F
	G
	H
	I
	J
	K
	L
	M
	N
	O
	P
	R
	S
	T
	U
	V
	W
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