physical Rehabilitation

Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Contributing Editors
Contributing Authors
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Contents
Video Case Studies
SECTION ONE 
Clinical Decision Makingand Examination
	CHAPTER 1 
Clinical Decision Making
		CLINICAL REASONING/ CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
		INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY, AND HEALTH
		PATIENT/CLIENT MANAGEMENT
		DOCUMENTATION
		EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
		CLINICAL DECISION MAKING FRAMEWORKS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 2 
Examination of Vital Signs
		NORMATIVE VITAL SIGN DATA
		ALTERATIONS IN VITAL SIGN VALUES: OVERVIEW OF INFLUENTIAL VARIABLES
		PATIENT OBSERVATION
		TEMPERATURE
		PULSE
		RESPIRATION
		BLOOD PRESSURE
		RESOURCES
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 3 
Examination of Sensory Function
		SENSORY INTEGRATION
		SENSATION AND MOVEMENT
		SENSORY INTEGRITY
		CLINICAL INDICATIONS
		AGE-RELATED SENSORY CHANGES
		PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
		CLASSIFICATION OF THE SENSORY SYSTEM
		TYPES OF SENSORY RECEPTORS
		PATHWAYS FOR TRANSMISSION OF SOMATIC SENSORY SIGNALS
		SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX
		PREPARATION FOR ADMINISTERING THE SENSORY EXAMINATION
		THE SENSORY EXAMINATION
		RELIABILITY
		QUANTITATIVE SENSORY TESTING AND SPECIALIZED TESTING INSTRUMENTS
		CRANIAL NERVE FUNCTION
		SENSORY INTEGRITY WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF TREATMENT
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 4 
Musculoskeletal Examination
		PURPOSES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL EXAMINATION
		EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
		EVALUATION OF EXAMINATION FINDINGS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 5 
Examination of Motor Function: Motor Control and Motor Learning
		OVERVIEW OF MOTOR FUNCTION
		COMPONENTS OF THE EXAMINATION
		FACTORS THAT MAY CONSTRAIN THE MOTOR FUNCTION EXAMINATION
		ELEMENTS OF THE MOTOR FUNCTION EXAMINATION
		TASK ANALYSIS
		MOTOR LEARNING
		ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE
		EVALUATION
		DIAGNOSIS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 6 
Examination of Coordination and Balance
		EXAMINATION OF COORDINATION
		OVERVIEW OF THE MOTOR SYSTEM
		FEATURES OF COORDINATION IMPAIRMENTS
		AGE-RELATED CHANGES AFFECTING COORDINATED MOVEMENT
		COORDINATION TESTS
		ADMINISTERING THE COORDINATION EXAMINATION
		OUTCOME MEASURES: UPPER EXTREMITY COORDINATION
		OVERVIEW OF POSTURAL CONTROL AND BALANCE
		OUTCOME MEASURES: POSTURAL CONTROL AND BALANCE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 7 
Examination of Gait
		PURPOSES OF GAIT ANALYSIS
		SELECTION OF APPROACH TO GAIT ANALYSIS
		GAIT TERMINOLOGY
		TYPES OF GAIT ANALYSES
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 8 
Examination of Function
		A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
		EXAMINATION OF FUNCTION
		INTERPRETING TEST RESULTS
		SINGLE DIMENSION VERSUS MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEASURES OF FUNCTION
		SAMPLE INSTRUMENTS TO ASSESS FUNCTION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 9 
Examination and Modification of the Environment
		PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
		UNIVERSAL DESIGN
		DISABILITY ACCESS SYMBOLS
		PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION
		EXAMINATION STRATEGIES
		EXAMINATION OF THE HOME
		ADAPTIVE EQUIPMENT
		ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
		EXAMINATION OF THE WORKPLACE
		COMMUNITY ACCESS
		DOCUMENTATION
		FUNDING SOURCES
		LEGISLATION
		SUMMARY
SECTION TWO 
Intervention Strategiesfor Rehabilitation
	CHAPTER 10 
Strategies to Improve Motor Function
		MOTOR CONTROL
		MOTOR LEARNING
		MOTOR SKILLS
		CONSTRAINTS ON MOTOR FUNCTION
		NEURAL PLASTICITY AND RECOVERY OF FUNCTION
		INTERVENTIONS TO IMPROVE MOTOR FUNCTION
		PATIENT/CLIENT-RELATED EDUCATION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 11 
Strategies to Improve Locomotor Function
		EXAMINATION OF LOCOMOTION
		REHABILITATION INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE RECOVERY OF LOCOMOTOR FUNCTION
		SUMMARY
		TYPES AND GAIT PATTERNS
		GAIT TRAINING USING ASSISTIVE DEVICES
	CHAPTER 12 
Chronic Pulmonary Dysfunction
		RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
		CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES
		MEDICAL AND SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 13 
Heart Disease
		INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEART DISEASE
		CARDIAC ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
		CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES TO AEROBIC EXERCISE
		CARDIAC PATHOLOGIES AND PHYSICAL THERAPY IMPLICATIONS
		EXAMINATION OF THE PATIENT WITH HEART DISEASE
		PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE
		EDUCATION FOR PATIENTS WITH HEART DISEASE
		PSYCHOLOGICAL/SOCIAL ISSUES
		PRIMARY PREVENTION OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 14 
Vascular, Lymphatic, and Integumentary Disorders
		ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE VASCULAR, LYMPHATIC, AND INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEMS
		WOUND PHYSIOLOGY
		VASCULAR, LYMPHATIC, AND INTEGUMENTARY DISORDERS
		EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION
		INTERVENTION
		SUMMARY
		INSPECT YOUR SKIN
		TAKE CARE OF YOUR SKIN
		CHECK YOUR SHOES
		SEE YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
		PAIN MANAGEMENT
		PLAN OF CARE
		FOR CLINICIANS
		SELECTED LIST OF PROGRAMS FOR SPECIALIZED EDUCATION IN CDT AND MLD
		FOR PATIENTS AND FAMILY MEMBERS
	CHAPTER 15 Stroke
		EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY
		RISK FACTORS AND STROKE PREVENTION
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE AND ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS
		MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE STROKE HEALTH CONDITION
		MEDICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL, AND NEUROSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF STROKE
		FRAMEWORK FOR REHABILITATION
		EXAMINATION
		PROGNOSIS AND DIAGNOSIS
		GOALS AND OUTCOMES
		PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS
		PATIENT/CLIENT-RELATED INSTRUCTION
		DISCHARGE PLANNING
		RECOVERY AND OUTCOMES
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 16 
Multiple Sclerosis
		ETIOLOGY
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		DISEASE COURSE
		SYMPTOMS
		DIAGNOSIS
		MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		FRAMEWORK FOR REHABILITATION
		PHYSICAL THERAPY EXAMINATION
		PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS
		PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES
		PATIENT AND FAMILY/ CAREGIVER EDUCATION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 17 
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
		EPIDEMIOLOGY
		ETIOLOGY
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
		DIAGNOSIS
		DISEASE COURSE
		PROGNOSIS
		MANAGEMENT
		FRAMEWORK FOR REHABILITATION
		PHYSICAL THERAPY EXAMINATION
		DISEASE-SPECIFIC AND QUALITY-OF-LIFE MEASURES
		PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTIONS
		EXERCISE AND ALS
		PATIENT/CLIENT-RELATED INSTRUCTION
		SUMMARY
		INCIDENCE
	CHAPTER 18 
Parkinson’s Disease
		ETIOLOGY
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		STAGES OF BRAIN PATHOLOGY
		CLINICAL PRESENTATION
		MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS
		CLINICAL COURSE
		MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		FRAMEWORK FOR REHABILITATION
		PHYSICAL THERAPY EXAMINATION AND EVALUATION
		PHYSICAL THERAPY INTERVENTION
		ADAPTIVE AND SUPPORTIVE DEVICES
		PSYCHOSOCIAL ISSUES
		PATIENT, FAMILY, AND CAREGIVER EDUCATION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 19 
Traumatic Brain Injury
		PREVALENCE AND IMPACT
		MECHANISM OF INJURY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
		SEQUELAE OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
		DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS
		CONTINUUM OF CARE AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM
		EARLY MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT OF MODERATE TO SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY DURING ACTIVE REHABILITATION
		MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 20 
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
		DEMOGRAPHICS AND ETIOLOGY
		CLASSIFICATION OF SPINAL CORD INJURIES
		IMPACT OF SPINAL CORD INJURY ACROSS THE ICF
		PROGNOSIS FOR RECOVERY OF WALKING AND MOTOR FUNCTION
		EARLY MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT EARLY AFTER INJURY
		ACTIVE REHABILITATION
		PRESCRIPTIVE WHEELCHAIR/ SEATING SYSTEM AND WHEELCHAIR SKILLS TRAINING
		NEUROTECHNOLOGIES
		SUMMARY
		WEB-BASED RESOURCES FOR PATIENTS, FAMILIES, AND CLINICIANS
	CHAPTER 21 
Vestibular Disorders
		ANATOMY
		PHYSIOLOGY AND MOTOR CONTROL
		EXAMINATION
		VESTIBULAR SYSTEM DYSFUNCTION
		INTERVENTIONS
		DIAGNOSES INVOLVING THE VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
		CONTRAINDICATIONS TO VESTIBULAR REHABILITATION
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 22 
Amputation
		CAUSES OF AMPUTATION
		LEVELS OF AMPUTATION
		AMPUTATION SURGERY
		HEALING PROCESS
		POSTSURGICAL DRESSINGS
		PHASES OF CARE
		PREDICTING PROSTHETIC POTENTIAL
		PROSTHETIC TRAINING
		FUNCTIONAL OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS
		SUMMARY
		RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
	CHAPTER 23 
Arthritis
		OSTEOARTHRITIS
		MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		REHABILITATIVE MANAGEMENT
		SUMMARY
		JOINT PROTECTION
		ADDITIONAL REMINDERS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE RHEUMATOID HAND
		GETTING ADDITIONAL REST
		ENERGY CONSERVATION TO REDUCE FATIGUE
	CHAPTER 24 
Burns
		EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BURN INJURIES
		SKIN ANATOMY AND BURN WOUND PATHOLOGY
		CLASSIFICATIONS OF BURN INJURY
		ELECTRICAL BURN
		COMPLICATIONS OF BURN INJURY
		BURN WOUND HEALING
		MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT
		FOLLOW-UP CARE
		COMMUNITY PROGRAMS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 25 
Chronic Pain
		PAIN TERMINOLOGY AND BASIC CONCEPTS
		PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESSES UNDERLYING CHRONIC PAIN
		RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC PAIN
		EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONC PAIN
		PHYSICAL THERAPY EVALUATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND PROGNOSIS
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN
		MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN
		COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 26 
Psychosocial Issues in Physical Rehabilitation
		PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION
		PERSONALITY AND COPING STYLES
		COMMON DEFENSE REACTIONS TO DISABILITY
		ACUTE STRESS DISORDER AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
		SUBSTANCE ABUSE
		AGITATION AND VIOLENCE
		HYPERSEXUALITY
		PSYCHOSOCIAL WELLNESS
		WELLNESS IN REHABILITATION
		INTEGRATING PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS INTO REHABILITATION: CASE EXAMPLE
		SUGGESTIONS FOR REHABILITATIVE INTERVENTION
		SUMMARY
		IMPROVING COMMUNITY ACCESSIBILITY
		DEPRESSION RESOURCES
		SUBSTANCE ABUSE RESOURCES
		ANXIETY RESOURCES
		POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) RESOURCES
	CHAPTER 27 
Cognitive and Perceptual Dysfunction
		COGNITION AND PERCEPTION
		RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST AND THE OCCUPATIONAL THERAPIST
		CLINICAL INDICATORS
		HOSPITALIZATION FOLLOWING BRAIN DAMAGE
		THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
		EXAMINATION OF COGNITIVE AND PERCEPTUAL DEFICITS
		INTERVENTION
		DISCHARGE PLANNING
		OVERVIEW OF COGNITIVE AND PERCEPTUAL DEFICITS
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 28 Neurogenic Disorders of Speech and Language
		THE ORGANIZATION OF LANGUAGE
		SPEECH PRODUCTION
		APHASIA
		COGNITIVE-COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
		DYSARTHRIA
		APRAXIA OF SPEECH
		DYSPHAGIA
		COMMUNICATION DISORDERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PHYSICAL THERAPIST
		SUMMARY
	CHAPTER 29 
Promoting Health and Wellness
		THE IMPORTANCE OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELLNESS INITIATIVES
		THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL THERAPISTS IN HEALTH PROMOTION
		KEY TERMS IN HEALTH PROMOTION
		HEALTH PROMOTION AND HEALTH EDUCATION
		PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE
		THE INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONING, DISABILITY, AND HEALTH AND HEALTH PROMOTION
		MEASURES OF HEALTH, WELLNESS, QUALITY OF LIFE, AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS
		KEY MODIFIABLE PERSONAL HEALTH BEHAVIORS
		THEORIES OF BEHAVIOR CHANGE
		HEALTH AND WELLNESS COACHING
		HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELLNESS FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH IMPAIRMENTS AND DISABILITIES
		HEALTH PROMOTION AND WELLNESS AT THE PROGRAM LEVEL
		PHYSICAL THERAPISTS AS ADVOCATES
		SUMMARY
		PWS SCORING SHEET FOR USE WITH INDIVIDUAL CLIENTS
SECTION THREE 
Orthotics, Prosthetics,and Seating andWheeled Mobility
	CHAPTER 30 
Orthotics
		TERMINOLOGY AND TYPES OF ORTHOSES
		LOWER-LIMB ORTHOSES
		TRUNK ORTHOSES
		CERVICAL ORTHOSES
		SCOLIOSIS ORTHOSES
		ORTHOTIC MAINTENANCE
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT
		FUNCTIONAL CAPACITIES
		SUMMARY
		STANDING
		SITTING
		WALKING
		ORTHOSIS OFF THE PATIENT
		TRUNK ORTHOTIC EXAMINATION
		STANDING
		SITTING
		ORTHOSIS OFF THE PATIENT
	CHAPTER 31 
Prosthetics
		PARTIAL FOOT AND SYME’S PROSTHESES
		TRANSTIBIAL PROSTHESES
		TRANSFEMORAL PROSTHESES
		DISARTICULATION PROSTHESES
		BILATERAL PROSTHESES
		PROSTHETIC MAINTENANCE
		PHYSICAL THERAPY MANAGEMENT
		SUMMARY
		STANDING
		SUSPENSION
		SITTING
		WALKING
		PROSTHESIS OFF THE CLIENT
		STANDING
		QUADRILATERAL SOCKET
		ISCHIAL CONTAINMENT SOCKET
		SUSPENSION
		SITTING
		WALKING
		PROSTHESIS OFF THE CLIENT
		INTRODUCTION
	CHAPTER 32 
Seating and Wheeled Mobility
		WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND MOBILITY SERVICE DELIVERY TEAM
		WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND MOBILITY SERVICE DELIVERY PROCESS
		PRINCIPLES OF WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND MOBILITY
		WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND MOBILITY EXAMINATION AND SPECIALTY EVALUATION
		WHEELCHAIR SEATING AND MOBILITY TECHNOLOGIES
		FUNDING
		OUTCOME MEASUREMENT
		DEFENSIBLE DOCUMENTATION
		SUMMARY
		ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
		WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION WHEELCHAIR SERVICE TRAINING PACKAGES
		ONLINE COURSES
		RESNA POSITION PAPERS, WHITE PAPERS, AND PROVISION GUIDES
		WHEELCHAIR SELECTION, OUTCOMES, AND SKILLS TRAINING
		SEATING AND WHEELED MOBILITY FUNDING AND DOCUMENTATION
		MEDICAID RESOURCES
		CONSUMER RESOURCES
		INDEX