Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocketpedia

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Title
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
Share Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Pocketpedia, Third Edition
Chapter 1: Neurologic Examination
	Mental Status
	Cranial Nerves
	Muscle Tone
	Muscle Strength Grading
	Muscle Stretch Reflexes are Tested by Tapping the Tendon with a Hammer to Elicit Muscle Contraction
	Sensory Testing Should Include Superficial and Deep Sensation and Compare Dermatome Distributions on Each Side with the Patient’s Eyes Closed
	Coordination, Stance, and Gait Assessment can Reveal Cerebellar Involvement Through Clumsy Movements, Ataxia, and Impaired Balance
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 2: Gait and Gait Aids
	Gait Cycle
	The Six Determinants of Gait
	Muscle Activity During Unimpaired Gait
	Gait Deviations and Prescriptions
		Muscle-Deficit Gait
		Central Nervous System Gait Deviations
	Gait Aids
		Cane Basics
		Crutch Basics
		Walker Basics
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 3: Wheelchairs
	Manual Wheelchairs
		Typical Measurements
		Prescription Considerations
		Special WCs
	Power Mobility Devices
		Scooters
		Power WCs
	References
Chapter 4: Modalities
	Essential Points of Prescription of Modalities
	Selected Modalities
	References
Chapter 5: Therapeutic Exercise
	Muscle Fiber Characteristics
	Strength Training
	Aerobic Exercise
	The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Guidelines
	The Exercise Prescription
	References
Chapter 6: Acupuncture
	Brief History and Basic Concepts
	Needling Techniques, Safety, and Licensing
	Clincal Applications
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 7: Amputation/Prosthetics
	Epidemiology, Etiology, and Levels of Amputation
	Lower Extremity Amputation
		Preferred Mature Residual Limb Length and Shape
		Postamputation Preprosthetic Care
	TT Prosthetics
		TT Socket Designs
		Selected TT Suspension Options
		Selected Foot–Ankle Assembly Options
	TF Prosthetics
		Traditional Socket Designs
		Selected TF Suspension Options
		Selected Knee Components: Key Features
		Functional Levels
		Selected Postamputation Complications
	Prosthetic Gait Analysis
		Causes of Stance Phase Problems
		Causes of Swing Phase Problems
	Upper Extremity Amputation
	TR Prosthetics
	TH Prosthetics
		Functional Terminal Devices
		Other Upper Limb Prosthesis Components
		Body-Powered Prosthesis Control
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 8: Pediatrics: Cerebral Palsy
	Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy
	Special Considerations in Pediatric SCI
	Spina Bifida
	Pediatric Neuromuscular Disorders
	Anterior Horn Disorders in Children
		Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
		Peripheral Nerve Disorders
		Differential Diagnosis of GBS in Children
	Hereditary Motor Sensory Neuropathy
	Neuromuscular Junction Disorders
	Myopathies
	Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 9: Concussion
	Definition and Pathophysiology
	Assessment
	Management and Treatment
	References
Chapter 10: Pain Medicine
	Terminology
		Pain
	Pathophysiology
	Examination
	Anatomy
	Imaging
	Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I/II
		CRPS I
		Clinical Picture of CRPS
	Diagnosis/Workup
	Treatment/Medications
	Neck/Low Back Pain
		Treatment
	Spinal Interventions
		Cervical/Lumbar Epidural Nerve Blocks
		Caudal Epidural Nerve Block
		Facet Joint Injection/Medial Branch Block
		Selective Nerve Root Blocks/Transforaminal ESI
		SI Joint Injection
		Other Procedures
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 11: Musculoskeletal/Sports/Orthopedics
	Limb Joint Primary Movers
	Treatment of Selected Musculoskeletal Conditions
		Upper Limb
		Lower Limb
	Sports/Exercise Preparticipation Evaluation (PPE)
		General Guidelines
		Example of an Appropriate PPE
		Contraindications to Sports Participation
	Rehabilitation after Hip Fracture
	Rehabilitation after Joint Replacement
		Total Hip Arthroplasty
		Total Knee Arthroplasty
		Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 12: Ultrasound
	Introduction
	Machine Basics
	US Nomenclature and Common Artifacts
	Normal Tissue Types
	Diagnostic Applications
	Therapeutic Applications
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 13: Electrodiagnostic Studies
	Initial Settings for NCS
	Initial Settings for EMG
	Introduction to NCS
		Components of the AP
	Types of Nerve Injuries
	H-Reflex
	F Waves
	Blink Reflex
	EMG Using Monopolar Versus Concentric Needle
	Effects of Temperature and Age on NCS
	The Needle EMG Examination
		Insertional Activity
		Activity at Rest
		MU Analysis
		Recruitment
	Specific Disorders
		Median Neuropathy at the Wrist (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)
		Ulnar Neuropathy at the Elbow
		Peroneal Neuropathy
	Peripheral Neuropathy
		Plexopathy
		Radiculopathy
	Motor Neuron Diseases
	EMG Findings in Myopathies
		Typical Findings
	NMJ Disorders
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 14: Cardiac Rehabilitation
	Introduction and Benefits
	Epidemiology
	Phases of CR
	Exercise Prescription
	Postcardiac Event Sexual Counseling
	Miscellaneous
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 15: Pulmonary Rehabilitation
	Ventilatory Disorders (Restrictive or Mechanical Disorders)
	Obstructive Disorders (Intrinsic Disorders)
	References
Chapter 16: Burn Rehabilitation
	Degree/Severity
	Rehabilitation Goals
	Pharmacotherapy
	Complications
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 17: Cancer Rehabilitation
	Functional Assessment Tools
	CNS and Spine Tumors
		Brain Tumors
		Spinal Cord and Spine Tumors
	Paraneoplastic Syndromes
	Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
	Plexopathy
	Bony Metastases
	Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome
	Lymphedema
	Upper Body Pain Disorders
		Cervical Radiculopathy
		Shoulder Joint Pain
		Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome
		Post-Thoracotomy Pain Syndrome
	Chemotherapy-and Radiation Therapy-Induced Cytopenias
	References
Chapter 18: Spinal Cord Injury
	Epidemiology of Traumatic SCI
	Selected Tracts
	Classification of SCI
	SCI Clinical Syndromes
	Acute Treatment of SCI
	Prognosis and Recovery in Traumatic SCI
	Expected Functional Outcomes
	Selected Issues in SCI
	References
Chapter 19: Traumatic Brain Injury
	Introduction and Epidemiology
	Pathophysiology
	Classification of TBI Severity
	Recovery and Outcomes
	Disorders of Consciousness
	Acute Management of TBI
	Treatment of Coma and Vegetative State
	Treatment of Medical Complications of TBI
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 20: Stroke
	Epidemiology and Risk Factors
	Selected Ischemic Stroke Syndromes
		Middle Cerebral Artery
		Anterior Cerebral Artery
		Posterior Cerebral Artery
		Brainstem
		Lacunar
	Ischemic Stroke Pharmacotherapy and Intervention
		Guidelines for Acute Stroke Pharmacotherapy
		Recommendations for Secondary Prevention
	Postacute Medical Complications
	Motor Recovery Following Stroke
	Therapy Approaches
	Functional Outcomes Following Stroke
	References
Chapter 21: Physiological Changes with Aging
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 22: Rheumatology
	Osteoarthritis
		Nonpharmacologic Management
		Pharmacologic Management
		Alternative and Investigational Treatments
	Rheumatoid Arthritis
		RA Management
		Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
	Seronegative Spondyloarthritis
	Fibromyalgia
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 23: Osteoporosis
	Screening
	Supplements and Pharmacotherapy
	Exercise and Rehabilitation
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 24: Multiple Sclerosis
	Introduction and Epidemiology (1,2)
	Diagnosis and Clinical Features
	Clinical Categories and Treatment
	Prognosis
	References
Chapter 25: Movement Disorders
	Hypokinetic Movement Disorders (Parkinson’s Disease)
	Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 26: Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy
	Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 27: Spasticity
	Treatment
	Physical Modalities
	Pharmaceutical Options
	Surgical Options
	References
Chapter 28: Neurogenic Bladder
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 29: Language, Speech, and Swallowing
	Aphasia
		Nonfluent Aphasias
		Fluent Aphasias
		Subcortical Aphasias
		Aphasia Prognosis and Treatment
	Right Hemisphere Damage
		Dysarthria
		Apraxia of Speech
		Neurogenic Stuttering
		Dysphagia
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 30: Heterotopic Ossification
	Treatment
	References
Chapter 31: Deep Venous Thrombosis
	Selected Prophylaxis Options
	DVT Prophylaxis in Selected Conditions
	DVT Treatment
	References
	Suggested Reading
Chapter 32: Pressure Injury
	Prevention and Treatment
	References
Chapter 33: Quality Improvement
	Introduction (1–5)
	How to Perform a QI Project (6)
	Toolkit (7,9)
	Root Cause Analysis (6,10)
	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (6,9)
	Transition Points/Handoffs
	References
	Suggested Reading
Abbreviations
Index