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ویرایش: [Fourth ed.] نویسندگان: Joseph Lee (editor), Sara Cuccurullo (editor), Leslie Bagay (editor) سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9780826134561, 0826134564 ناشر: سال نشر: 2020 تعداد صفحات: [1041] زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 70 Mb
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در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Physical medicine and rehabilitation board review به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب بررسی هیئت پزشکی فیزیکی و توانبخشی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
"بررسی هیئت پزشکی فیزیکی و توانبخشی، ویرایش چهارم، برای دانشجویان پزشکی، دستیاران، و پزشکان فیزیوتراپی مجذوب خواهد شد. این کتاب بر مفاهیم مرتبط با هیئت مدیره در زمینه پزشکی توانبخشی تمرکز دارد"--
"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review, Fourth Edition, will appeal to medical students, residents, and practicing physiatrists. The book concentrates on board-related concepts in the fi eld of Rehabilitation Medicine"--
Cover Title Copyright Dedication Page Contents Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contributors Introduction: Board Certification The Purpose of Certification The Examination Examination Admissibility Requirements Part I Admissibility Requirements Part II Admissibility Requirements Reapplication The Examination: Part I Part I Examination Outline Question Format The Examination: Part II Part II Examination Outline Examination Results The Certificate Preparation for the Test Helpful Resources Day of the Examination Maintenance of Certification MOC Requirements Component I: Professional Standing Component II: Lifelong Learning and Self-Assessment Component III: Cognitive Expertise (Examination) Component IV: Practice Performance MOC Requirements Summary Certificate Issuance Examination Statistics Total PM&R Diplomates Certified as of 2017: 12,606 Maintenance of Certification Statistics for 2017 Share: Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review Chapter 1: Stroke Introduction Definition of Stroke Epidemiology Risk Factors Basic Neuroanatomical Review of the major Vessels Involved in stroke (Figures 1–3 to 1–6) Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation (Figure 1–7) Types of Stroke (Table 1–1) Ischemic Strokes Diagonostic Studies (Table 1–6) Medical Treatment Immediate Management BP Management Thrombolytic Therapy Anticoagulant Therapy Antiplatelet Therapy Corticosteroids Carotid Endarterectomy Treatment of SAH (See Also ICP Management Section) Treatment of ICH Treatment of PFO Stroke Rehabilitation Introduction Post-Stroke Shoulder Pain (Table 1–8) Other Stroke Rehabilitation Issues Aphasia (Table 1–13) Anatomic Location of Major Speech Areas Factors that Predict Mortality and Functional Recovery in Stroke Patients References Recommended Reading Chapter 2: Traumatic Brain Injury Introduction Epidemiology Pathophysiology of TBI Primary Versus Secondary Injury Focal Versus Diffuse Injury Penetrating Head Injuries Recovery Mechanisms Disorders of Consciousness Location of Control of Consciousness Disorders of Consciousness Treatment of Disorders of Consciousness Posturing Secondary to Head Injury Decerebrate Posturing (Figure 2–7a) Decorticate Posturing (Figure 2–7b) Prognosis After TBI: An Evidence-Based Approach Glasgow Coma Scale (Table 2–1) Head Injury Predictor Scales and Testing Medical Management of TBI Initial Management Surgical Management in TBI Medical and Neurologic Complications After TBI Posttraumatic Seizures and Posttraumatic Epilepsy Paroxysmal Autonomic Instability and Dystonia Posttraumatic Hydrocephalus Cranial Nerve (CN) Injuries in TBI Posttraumatic Agitation Heterotopic Ossification (HO) Hypertension Venous Thromboembolic Disease Urinary Dysfunction Spasticity Nutrition Neuroendocrine Disorders After TBI Cognitive Dysfunction Mild TBI (Concussion) and Postconcussive Syndrome Mild TBI (Concussion) Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS) Concussion Categorization Guidelines for Return to Play After Concussion (Table 2–14) CNS Conditions Secondary to HIV Toxoplamosis Cryptococcal Meningitis CNS Lymphoma AIDS Dementia References Recommended Reading Chapter 3: Rheumatology Rheumatoid Arthritis Introduction Epidemiology Etiology Clinical Diagnosis of RA 2010 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for RA Lab Testing for RA RF in RA Radiographic Findings in RA (See Table 3–3) Joint Deformities in RA Ulnar Deviation of the Fingers (Cailliet, 1982) Extra-Articular Manifestations of RA Treatment of RA (Table 3–1; Berkow and Elliott, 1995; Hicks and Sutin, 1988) Osteoarthritis Prevalence Pathology Signs and Symptoms of OA Specific Joint Involvement Radiographic Findings (Table 3–3) Treatment Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Formerly Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis) (See Table 3–4) Clinical Subtypes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Oligoarticular Management of JIA Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies General Classification Crystal-Induced Synovitis (Table 3–5) Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Definition Ankylosing Spondylitis Reactive Arthritis (Formerly Reiter’s Syndrome) Psoriatic Arthritis Other Rheumatoid Diseases Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis) Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis Mixed Connective Tissue Disorders Key Points of Arthridites Arthridites: ANA and RF Status HLA-B27 (+) Syndromes Vasculitides Large Vessel Vasculitides Medium Vessel Vasculitides ANCA-Associated Vasculitides Other Vasculitides Sjögren’s Syndrome Clinical Presentation (Sicca Symptoms) Labs Extraglandular Manifestations Infectious Arthritides Septic Arthritides RA Other Causes of Septic Arthritis Deposition/Storage Disease-Related Arthritides Hemochromatosis Alkaptonuria (Ochronosis) Wilson’s Disease Gaucher’s Disease Other Systemic Diseases With Arthritis Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Hemophilic Arthropathy Sickle Cell Disease Charçot Joint (Neuropathic Arthropathy) Definition Causes → “STD” → “SKA” (Shoulder, Knee, Ankle) Clinical Features Radiographic Findings Treatment Atraumatic Arthritis (Table 3–8) Fibromyalgia Syndrome Clinical Features 1990 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Criteria of Fibromyalgia Syndrome Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome Fibromyalgia Syndrome Should be Differentiated from Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Characteristics Clinical Features Clinical Stages Radiographic Findings Treatment Sympathetically Mediated CRPS Tendon Disorders Dupuytren’s Contracture (Figure 3–6) Trigger Finger (Stenosing Flexor Tenosynovitis; Figure 3–7) Mallet Finger (Figure 3–8) References Recommended Reading Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal Medicine Upper Extremities: The Shoulder Region Functional Anatomy Shoulder Disorders Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries AC Ligaments Mechanism of Injury Glenohumeral Joint Injuries Glenoid Labrum Tears Shoulder Impingement Syndrome and Rotator Cuff Tear Degenerative Joint Disease of the Shoulder (Figure 4–24; Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder) Calcific Tendonitis of the Supraspinatus Tendon Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder; Figure 4–25) Biceps Tendonitis and Rupture Provocative Tests Deltoid Strain and Avulsion Scapular Winging (Figure 4–30) Scapular Fractures (Figure 4–31) Clavicular Fractures Proximal Humeral Fractures Stress Fractures of the Humerus Upper Extremities: The Elbow Region Functional Anatomy Elbow Disorders Medial Epicondylitis Lateral Epicondylitis Olecranon Bursitis (Figure 4–40) Dislocation of the Elbow Distal Biceps Tendonitis Triceps Tendonitis/Avulsion Valgus Extension Overload (VEO) Syndrome of the Elbow Medial (ULNAR) Collateral Ligament (MCL) Sprain Lateral (Radial) Collateral Ligament (LCL) Sprain Pronator Syndrome (Also See Chapter 5, Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Clinical Neuromuscular Physiology) Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (Also See Chapter 5, Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Clinical Neuromuscular Physiology) Osteochondrosis of the Elbow (Panner’s Disease) Fracture of the Humeral Shaft Fracture of the Distal Humerus Radial Head Fracture Olecranon Fracture Upper Extremities: The Wrist Region Functional Anatomy Wrist Disorders Arthritis De Quervain’s Tenosynovitis Ganglion CYST (figure 4–51) Osteonecrosis of the Lunate (Figure 4–52) Scaphoid Fracture Hamate Fractures Trapezium Fractures Fractures of the Distal Radius Upper Extremities: The Hand Region Functional Anatomy Hand Disorders Dupuytren’s Contracture (Figure 4–62) Stenosing Tenosynovitis: Trigger Finger (Figure 4–63) Ligamentous Injuries (Figure 4–64) Jersey Finger (Figure 4–65) Mallet Finger (Figure 4–67) Fracture of the Base of the First Metacarpal Metacarpal Neck or Shaft Fracture (Figure 4–69) Lower Extremities: The Hip and Pelvis Hip and Pelvic Functional Anatomy (Figure 4–70) Hip Tests Fabere (Patrick’s) Test (Figure 4–78) Leg Length Discrepancy Hip Disorders Hamstring Strain Hip Flexor Strain Piriformis Syndrome Iliopsoas Bursitis and Tendonitis Snapping Hip Syndrome (Iliotibial Band Syndrome) (Figure 4–84) Hip Adductor Strain (Groin Strain) Greater Trochanteric Hip Bursitis (Figure 4–85) Posterior Hip Dislocation Avascular Necrosis (AVN) of the Femoral Head (Figure 4–86) Hip Fractures Intracapsular or Femoral Neck Fractures Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures (Figure 4–89) Subtrochanteric Hip Fractures (Figure 4–90) Femoral-Neck Stress Fractures Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (Figure 4–91) Avulsion Fractures Osteitis Pubis Myositis Ossificans Lower Extremities: The Knee Knee Functional Anatomy Knee ROM Muscles (Figures 4–92 and 4–93) Ligaments of the Knee (Figures 4–95 to 4–97) Menisci of the Knee (Figure 4–99) Bursae of the Knee (Figure 4–100) Clinical Tests for the Knee (Malanga and Nadler, 2005) Knee Disorders Meniscal Injuries ACL Injuries PCL Injuries MCL Tears LCL Tears ITB Syndrome Patella-Related Injuries Recurrent Patellar Subluxation Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) Chondromalacia Patella Plica Syndrome Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper’s Knee) Osteochondritis Dissecans Popliteus Tendonitis Lower Extremities: The Lower Leg Functional Anatomy Disorders of the Lower Leg Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome (CECS) Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS) Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) Stress Fractures Lower Extremity: The Ankle and Foot Functional Anatomy Disorders of the Ankle Lateral Ankle Disorders Medial Ankle Disorders Posterior Ankle Disorders Bursitis: Retrocalcaneal Boney Exostosis, Calcaneal Apophysis Anterior Ankle Disorders Foot Disorders Plantar Fasciitis (Figure 4–132) Morton’s Neuroma (Figure 4–133) Hallux Disorders: MTP Sprains, Hallux Valgus, and Allux Rigidus Toe Disorders: Hammer Toe, Claw Toe, and Mallet Toe Hammer Toe (Figure 4–134) Claw Toe (Figure 4–135) Mallet Toe (Figure 4–136) Lisfranc Joint Injury Foot Fractures Turf Toe Joint Injections and Aspirations Common Injection Techniques Trigger Points Spine Rehabilitation (Also See “Pain of Spinal Origin” and “Interventional Spinal Procedures” Sections in Pain Medicine, Chapter 11) Introduction The Intervertebral Disc Pathophysiology of Back Pain Disc Disorders Disc Herniation Cauda Equina Syndrome (Figure 4–165; Also See Chapter 7, Spinal Cord Injuries) Myelopathy Internal Disc Disruption Bone Disorders of the Spine Spinal Stenosis Spondylolysis (Figures 4–170 and 4–171) Spondylolisthesis (Figure 4–172) Meyerding Grading of Slippage (Spondylolisthesis) Scoliosis (Also See Chapter 10, Pediatric Rehabilitation) Scheuermann’s Disease (Juvenile Kyphosis) Vertebral Body Compression Fracture Vertebral Body Burst Fractures Joint Disorders of the Spine Facet Syndrome Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction Soft Tissue Disorders of the Spine Sprain/Strain Myofascial Pain Syndrome (See Also “Trigger Points” Section) Fibromyalgia Infections of the Spine Vertebral Body Osteomyelitis and Discitis Organic Nonspinal Sources of Back Pain Nonorganic Sources of Back Pain Waddell’s Signs Interventional Spinal Procedures Patient Selection Complications Diagnostic Procedures Therapeutic Interventional Procedures References Recommended Reading Chapter 5: Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Clinical Neuromuscular Physiology Introduction Basic Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy Neuron Anatomy and Function Nerve Physiology Waveform Changes Due to a Decrease in Temperature Below 30°C to 32°C Pathophysiology Demyelination Injury (Figure 5–14) Axonal Injury (Figure 5–17 and Figure 5–18) Nerve Injury Classification (Tables 5–4 and 5–5) Clinical Instrumentation Electronic Circuitry (OHM’s Law) Electrodiagnostic Instrumentation (Figure 5–22) Nerve Conduction Stimulation Differential Amplifier (Figures 5–22b and 5–29) Filters (Figure 5–30) Screen Safety Issues Nerve Conduction Studies Parameters (Figure 5–34) Sensory Nerve Action Potentials (SNAP) Compound Motor Action Potential (CMAP) (Figure 5–40) H-Reflex (Figure 5–43) F-Wave (Figure 5–44) A-(AXON) Wave Blink Reflex (Figure 5–47 and 5–48) Direct Facial Nerve Study (Figure 5–50) Phrenic Motor Study Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (Figure 5–51) Basic Needle EMG Insertional Activity (Figure 5–54 and Table 5–10) Resting Activity Exertional Activity Recruitment (Table 5–22) Interference Pattern (Figure 5–72) Radiculopathy General (Figure 5–73) Etiology Clinical Findings (Table 5–23) Electrodiagnostic Findings Plexopathies General Etiology Electrodiagnostic Findings The Brachial Plexus Anatomy (Figure 5–74) Brachial Plexus Injuries Lumbosacral Plexus (Figure 5–81) Lumbosacral Plexopathies Upper Limb Mononeuropathies Median Nerve Ulnar Nerve Radial Nerve Musculocutaneous Nerve Axillary Nerve Suprascapular Nerve Long Thoracic Nerve Lower Limb Mononeuropathy Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Injury Femoral Nerve Injury Obturator Nerve Sciatic Nerve Injury Tibial Nerve Common Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve Accessory Peroneal (Fibular) Nerve Sural Nerve Injury Superior and Inferior Gluteal Nerves Mononeuritis Multiplex Peripheral Polyneuropathy (Peripheral Neuropathy) Etiology (Tables 5–33 and 5–34) General Overview Clinical Presentation of Polyneuropathies Electrodiagnostic Findings Special Studies Differential Diagnosis of Foot Drop Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Electrodiagnostic Findings Repetitive Nerve Stimulation (RNS) (Figure 5–121 and Table 5–44) Single-Fiber EMG Myopathies Etiology (Table 5–47) Clinical Presentation Electrodiagnostic Findings Types of Myopathies Motor Neuron Disease Etiology Clinical Presentation Edx Findings Weakness: Differential Diagnosis Critical Illness Neuromuscular Disease (Table 5-63) CNS Disorders Paraneoplastic Neurologic Syndromes References Recommended Reading Chapter 6: Prosthetics and Orthotics Gait Analysis Terminology Determinants of Gait (Table 6–2) Gait Pathology and Probable Causes Amputation and Prosthetics Definition Epidemiology Upper Limb Amputations Upper Limb Prosthetics Cuffs and Pads Issues in Upper Extremity Amputee Care and Rehabilitation Lower Limb Amputation and Prosthetics Common Le Amputee Problems and Complications Assistive Devices (Ambulation AIDS) Canes Crutches Walkers Shoes and Lower Limb Orthoses Shoe Components (Figure 6–13) Basic Oxford (Low-Quarter) Shoe Types Shoe Modifications Shoe Modification Prescription and Foot Orthotics Orthotics Materials Used in Orthotics Lower Limb Orthotic Prescriptions (AFO, KAFO, HKAFO) Lower Extremity Orthoses for Pressure Redistribution Lower Extremity Tone-Reducing Orthoses (Figure 6–18) Upper Limb Orthoses Static Upper Limb Orthoses Dynamic (Functional) Orthoses Tone-Reducing Orthoses (Figure 6–28) Spinal Orthoses Cervicothoracic Orthoses/(CTO)/Cervical Orthoses Thoracolumbosacral Orthosis Cervical-Thoracic-Lumbar-Sacral Orthosis Corsets/Flexible Spinal Orthoses References Recommended Reading Chapter 7: Spinal Cord Injuries Epidemiology* Anatomy of the Spine (Figure 7–1) Major Ascending and Descending Pathways in the Spinal Cord (Figure 7–3) Spinal Pathology Cervical Spine (C-Spine) Flexion/Hyperextension Injuries (See Table 7–1) Nontraumatic SCI Cervical Bracing Fractures of the Spine Spinal Cord Injury Without Radiologic Abnormality SCI Classifiaction Terminology UMN Versus LMN Injury International Standards for Neurological Classification of SCI Neurologically Complete Versus Incomplete SCI Clinical Presentation of Spinal Shock Incomplete SCI Syndromes Functional Outcomes After SCI Medical Complications of SCI Orthostatic Hypotension (Table 7–8) Autonomic Dysreflexia (Table 7–8) Bladder Dysfunction Normal Bladder Function: Storage Versus Emptying Normal Bladder Storage Evaluation of Urinary Function Sexual Dysfunction After SCI Gastrointestinal Complications and Bowel Management in SCI Metabolic Complications in SCI Pulmonary Care and Respiratory Complications in SCI General Inspiration in the Normal Lung/Inspiration in a Lung With Insult to the Phrenic Nerve (Figure 7–30) Heterotopic Ossification Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism in SCI Pain in the SCI patient Nociceptive Pain (Musculoskeletal/Visceral) Neuropathic Pain Surgical Interventions of the UE in Tetraplegia Spasticity Dual Diagnosis: Traumatic Brain Injury With SCI Psychological Issues in the SCI Patient Pressure Injuries Npuap Staging of Pressure Ulcer Injuries (Figure 7–31; Table 7–13) Mechanisms of Developing a Pressure Injury Prevention of Pressure Injuries Treatment of Pressure Injuries References Recommended Reading Chapter 8: Physical Modalities, Therapeutic Exercise, Extended Bedrest, and Aging Effects Physical Modalities Thermotherapy Light Therapy Electrotherapy Types of Electrotherapy Therapeutic Massage Manual Therapy Traction Therapeutic Exercise Strengthening Exercises Average Range of Joint Motion (In Degrees; Table 8–3) Techniques to Improve Flexibility Effects of Extended Bedrest: Immobilization and Inactivity Muscle Bone and Joints Cardiac Pulmonary Gastrointestinal Genitourinary Integumentary Evaluation of Functional Independence Physiologic Effects of Aging Cardiac Pulmonary Integumentary Musculoskeletal Thermoregulatory Neurologic Genitourinary Renal Gastrointestinal Hearing Effects of Acute Hospitalization and Deconditioning in the Elderly Summary of Adaptations to Exercise in the Elderly Aerobic Conditioning Management of Complications in the Elderly References Recommended Reading Chapter 9: Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Cancer Rehabilitation Pulmonary Rehabilitation Goals of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Benefits of Pulmonary Rehabilitation Candidates for Pulmonary Rehabilitation Review of Pulmonary Physiology Classification of Respiratory Dysfunction Pulmonary Function Testing Lung Volume Changes in Unique Medical Conditions Rehabilitation Management of the COPD Patient Rehabilitation of the Patient With Restrictive Lung Disease Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Invasive Ventilatory Support Cardiac Rehabilitation Definition Goals Epidemiology Pathophysiology Phases of Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Physiology Frank–Starling Relationship Outcomes of Cardiac Rehabilitation Services Inpatient Versus Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs Exercise Testing Exercise Testing Protocols Structured Outpatient Program/Maintenance Program New York Heart Association Cardiac Functional Classification Exercise Prescription for Cardiac Patients Cardiac Rehabilitation of Special Groups Peripheral Arterial Disease Lower Extremity Vascular Ulcerations Most Common Major Physical Impairments that Often Exist With CAD Stroke and Atrial Fibrillation Evaluation for Return to Employment American Heart Association Diet Benefits Derived From Long-Term Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Cancer Rehabilitation Goals of Rehabilitation Epidemiology Immobility-Related Problems Rehabilitation Intervention CNS Tumors Other Chemotherapy Side Effects Other Radiation Therapy Side Effects Paraneoplastic Myopathies and Neuropathies Lymphedema Metastatic Bone Involvement Primary Bone Tumors Rehabilitation of Patients With Oncologic Bone Disease The Role of Rehabilitation in Palliative Care Treatment of Cancer Pain Management of GI Complications Management of Fatigue and Dyspnea Barriers in Care References Recommended Reading Chapter 10: Pediatric Rehabilitation Genetics and Chromosomal Abnormalities Phenotypic Features of Selected Chromosomal Syndromes (Table 10–1) Indications for Genetic Counseling Referral Development and Growth Height Weight Head and Skull Ossification Centers Bone Development Reflex Development Physiologic Postural Reflex Responses Milestones in Child Development Autism Spectrum Disorder Pediatric Limb Deficiencies Congenital Limb Deficiency (Table 10–4) Congenital Upper Extremity Deficiency Congenital Lower Extremity Deficiency Acquired Amputations General Functional Issues Phantom Pain Diseases of the Bones and Joints The Feet and Toes The Leg The Hip The Neck Traumatic Conditions Nontraumatic Hip Pain or Limp (Table 10–6) Scoliosis Scheuermann’s Disease (Juvenile Kyphosis) Spondylolisthesis Connective Tissue and Joint Disease Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Table 10–10) Clinical Presentation Juvenile Onset Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Table 10–14) Juvenile Dermatomyositis Scleroderma Infectious Arthritis Hemophilias Kawasaki Disease (Infantile Polyarteritis) Pediatric Burns Epidemiology Burn Classification Indications for Hospitalization Positioning in the Pediatric Burn Patient (Table 10–18) Burn Rehabilitation Principles Burns Requiring Special Attention Pediatric Cancers Solid Tumors (70% of All Neoplastic Disease in Children) Leukemias (30% of All Pediatric Neoplasms) Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Epidemiology Mechanism of Injury Severity of Brain Injury Common Motor Deficits Common Sensory Deficits Cognitive Deficits Medical Problems Associated With TBI Survival Long-Term Impairment Cerebral Palsy Definition of Cerebral Palsy Risk Factors for CP: Prenatal, Perinatal, and Postnatal (Table 10–23) Classification of CP (Tables 10–24 and 10–25) Spastic Types of CP (75%) Dyskinetic Types of CP Mixed Types of CP Gross Motor Function Classification System for CP Typical Gait Abnormalities in CP Will My Child Walk? (Table 10–25) Associated Deficits in CP (Table 10–26) Prognosis Therapeutic Management Therapeutic Exercise Methods Spasticity Management Aging With Cerebral Palsy Vocational Aspects Reflex Development (Table 10–28) Spina Bifida (Myelodysplasia) Epidemiology Etiology Pathogenesis Prenatal Diagnosis Types of Spina Bifida (Table 10–29) Clinical Signs and Course Segmental Innervation Associated Complications of Spina Bifida Treatment and Management Motor Development in Spina Bifida Functional Community Ambulation Factors/Predictors for Ambulation Outcomes Neuromuscular Diseases in Children Characteristics on Physical Examination Specific Neuromuscular Diseases Exercise in Neuromuscular Disease Management of Scoliosis in Neuromuscular Disease (Table 10–9) Pulmonary Issues in Neuromuscular Disease References Recommended Reading Chapter 11: Pain Medicine Introduction Taxonomy Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology of Pain Transmission and Modulation Pharmacology Opioid Pharmacology (Table 11–2) Nonopioid Analgesics Pain Syndromes Myofascial Pain Cancer Pain Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Chronic Pelvic Pain Pain Associated With Other Medical Conditions Pain of Spinal Origin Pain Intervention Interventional Spinal Procedures Viscosupplementation (Hyaluronic Acid) Injections Other Peripheral Nerve Blocks References Recommended Reading Chapter 12: Associated Topics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spasticity Definitions Local Interventions Intrathecal Treatments Movement Disorders General Definitions Restless Legs Syndrome Parkinson’s Disease (Table 12–3) HD/Huntington’s Chorea (Table 12–4) Classification of Ataxias (Table 12–5) Wheelchairs Basic Wheelchair Prescription Writing Wheelchair Fitting (Figure 12–2) Power Wheelchairs Conclusion Osteoporosis World Health Organization Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Classification Facts About Osteoporosis Epidemiology Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Physiology Main Determinants of Osteoporosis Classification Female Athlete Triad Syndrome (Mcnamara and Walsh, 2014) Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Pharmacologic Treatment Management Types of Fractures Falls Treatment of Vertebral Body Fractures Spinal Augmentation Procedures Spinal Bracing for Vertebral Body Fractures Rehabilitation of Burn Injuries Background Classification of Burns Factors Affecting Outcome Medical Management of Burn Injuries Rehabilitation Issues Other Complications Postacute Phase Burn Care Biostatistics Measurement Scales Distributions Statistical Testing Study Design Assessment of Screening and Diagnostic Tests Basic Principles of Clinical Ethics Multiple Sclerosis Facts The Four Major Patterns of MS as Described by the National MS Society: Other Patterns of MS Include: Prognostic Factors of MS (Table 12–13) Signs and Symptoms of MS Diagnosis of MS Treatment of MS Rehabilitation and Symptomatic Management Outcomes in MS Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Background How Ultrasound Works Basic Ultrasound Terminology Ultrasonographic Characteristics of Tissues Ultrasound Imaging Artifacts Ultrasound Guided Procedures Needle Insertion Methods Topical References and Recommended Reading Recommended Reading Epilogue Index