Physical Activity and the Abdominal Viscera.

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of tables
Preface
1 Responses of liver to acute and chronic physical activity
	Introduction
	Acute hepatic responses to moderate endurance activity
	Hepatic responses to high-intensity and prolonged physical activity
	Chronic effects of moderate endurance activity
	Physical activity and functional activity of the liver
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
2 Physical activity and hepatic pathologies
	Introduction
	Physical activity and the metabolic syndrome
	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
	Hepatic inflammation, fibrosis and cirrhosis
	Hepatocellular carcinoma
	Liver transplants
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
3 Effects of physical activity on the gallbladder and biliary tract in health and disease
	Introduction
	Prevalence and economic impact of biliary tract disorders
	Factors contributing to gallbladder disease
	Resting gallbladder function
	Acute effects of physical activity on the gallbladder
	Chronic effects of physical activity on the gallbladder
	Physical activity and chronic gallbladder disease
	Possible mechanisms of altered risk
	Physical activity and gallbladder cancer
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
4 Physical activity and kidney function in health and disease
	Introduction
	Physiological background
	Physical activity and renal blood flow
	Physical activity and glomerular filtration
	Physical activity and other aspects of renal physiology
	Exercise-induced proteinuria
	Clinical significance of resting microglobinuria
	Physical activity and microhaematuria
	Physical activity and acute and chronic renal failure
	Physical activity and end-stage renal disease
	Physical activity and renal transplantion
	Physical activity and the risk of renal cancer
	Physical activity and prevention of renal calculi
	Physical activity and endocrine functions of the kidney
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
5 Implications of a single kidney for the young athlete
	Introduction
	Current opinions on sport participation with a single kidney
	Risks of renal injury during sport and physical activity
	Factors modifying the inherent risk of sports-related renal injury
	Sports and physical activities with the greatest risk of renal injury
	Managing risks of renal trauma for the active child
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
6 Bladder function in health and disease: Physical activity and bladder control, haematuria and bladder cancer
	Introduction
	The problem of urinary incontinence
	Prevalence, economic impact and clinical evaluation of urinary incontinence
	Urinary incontinence in athletes
	Habitual physical activity and incontinence
	Patho-physiology and the treatment of incontinence
	Physical activity and haematuria
	Physical activity and bladder cancer
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
7 Physiology of the spleen at rest and during exercise
	Introduction
	Physical activity and the spleen in experimental animals
	Anatomy of the human spleen
	Physical activity and changes in volume of the human spleen
	Circulatory impact of changes in splenic dimensions during activity
	Response of the spleen to stressors other than physical activity
	Impact of physical activity upon splenic functions other than red cell storage
	Influence of splenic contraction upon calculations of changes in plasma volume
	Mechanism of changes in splenic volume
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
8 Physical activity and infectious mononucleosis
	Introduction
	Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis
	Measuring splenic enlargement
	Splenic size in infectious mononucleosis
	Management of the athlete with an enlarged spleen
	Overall management of infectious mononucleosis
	Potential progression to chronic fatigue syndrome
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
9 Physical activity and sickle cell disease
	Introduction
	Physiology and pathology of sickle cell trait
	Impact of sickling upon physical performance and health
	Specific risks of physical activity with sickle cell trait
	Diagnostic approaches to sickle cell trait
	Potential for preventive measures
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
10 Physical activity, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostatitis
	Introduction
	Occupational activity and prostate hyperplasia
	Recreational activity and prostate hyperplasia
	Conclusions regarding benign prostate hyperplasia
	Physical activity and chronic prostatitis
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
11 Physical activity and prostate cancer
	Introduction
	Role of physical activity in preventing prostate cancer
	Occupational activity and risk of prostate cancer
	Leisure activities and risk of prostate cancer
	Possible mechanisms
	Conclusions regarding prostate cancer
	Side-effects of androgen deprivation therapy
	Countering the side-effects of androgen deprivation and prostate surgery
	Areas for further research
	Practical implications and conclusions
Index