Photodynamic Therapy (PDT).

Preface
 Chapter 1
 Photodynamic Therapies: Basic Mechanism, Applications and Functional Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery System for Cancer
 Abstract
 1. Introduction
 1.1. History
 1.2. Basis of PDT Therapy
 1.2.1. Mechanisms of PDT Action
 1.2.2. Biological Response
 1.2.2.1. Apoptosis and Necrosis
 1.2.2.2. Vascular Mechanisms
 1.2.2.3. Immunological Mechanism
 1.2.3. Photosensitizers
 1.2.3.1. Porphyrin Photosensitizers
 1.2.3.2. Nor-Porphyrin Photosensitizers
 1.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of PDT
 2. Applications of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer. 3. Functional Nanomaterials-Based Drug Delivery System3.1. Organic Nanomaterials for PDT
 3.1.1. Liposome
 3.1.2. Polymeric Nanomaterials
 3.1.3. Carbon Nanomaterials
 3.2. Inorganic Nanomaterials
 3.2.1. Gold Nanoparticles
 3.2.2. Silica Nanoparticles
 3.2.3. Quantum Dots (QDs)
 3.2.4. Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs)
 Conclusion and Perspectives
 References
 Biographical Sketch
 Chapter 2
 Carbon Based Nanomaterials as Agents for Photodynamic Therapy
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Electronic Structure of Ground and Excited States of Oxygen Molecule
 ROS Production: Type I and Type II. Photosensitizers: Structure, Properties and DrawbacksFullerenes and Their Derivatives in PDT
 Carbon Nanotubes and Derivatives for PDT
 Properties of CNTs
 Carbon Nanotube as a PS Agent
 Carbon Nanotubes as a Carrier of PDT Agent
 Graphene Quantum Dots for PDT
 Bare and Doped GQDs in PDT
 GQDs in Conjunction with Other Compounds for PDT
 Other Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for PDT
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgments
 References
 Chapter 3
 Chemi- and Bioluminescence in Self-Illuminating Photodynamic Therapy
 Abstract
 1. Introduction
 2. General Mechanism of Chemi- and Bioluminescence. 3. Mechanisms of the Systems Already Studied for Photodynamic Therapy3.1. Luminol Reaction
 3.2. Firefly Luciferin Reaction
 3.3. Coelenterazine Reaction
 4. Application of Chemi- and Bioluminescence to Photodynamic Therapy
 4.1. Firefly Luciferin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy
 4.2. Coelenterazine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy
 4.3. Luminol-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy
 5. Pitfalls of Chemi-/Bioluminescence-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy
 6. Other Strategies for Deep Photodynamic Therapy
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgments
 References
 Chapter 4. The Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (Benzo[B]Thiophene) Porphyrin and 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis (7-Sulfonatobenzo[B]Thiophene) Porphyrin as Photodynamic Therapy Agents against Human Breast Cancer CellsAbstract
 Introduction
 Mechanism of PDT Action
 Properties of Photosensitizers
 Synthesis of Photosensitizers
 Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis-(benzo[b]thiophene) Porphyrin (BTP)
 Synthesis of 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(7-sulfonatobenzo[b]-thiophene) Porphyrin (SBTP)
 Photophysical Properties of BTP and SBTP
 Liposome Formation of BTP
 Characterization of Liposome-BTP.