Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials: Physics and Applications (Wiley Series in Display Technology)

Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials......Page 4
Contents......Page 10
About the Authors......Page 14
Series Editor’s Foreword......Page 16
1 Introduction......Page 20
References......Page 24
2 Mechanisms of LC Photoalignment......Page 26
2.1.1 ‘Command Surface’......Page 28
2.1.2 Cis-Trans Transformations in Azo-Dye Side-Chain Polymers and Azo-Dye in a Polymer Matrix......Page 29
2.2.1 Diffusion Model......Page 32
2.2.2 Polarized Absorption Spectra......Page 43
2.2.3 Modifications: Repeated Cis-Trans Photoisomerization Reaction Resulting in the Reorientation of the Backbone Structure......Page 44
2.3 Crosslinking in Cinnamoyl Side-Chain Polymers......Page 45
2.4 Photodegradation in Polyimide Materials......Page 47
References......Page 52
3.1 Pretilt Angle Generation in Photoaligning Materials......Page 58
3.2.1 Generation of Large Pretilt Angles by Controlled Photodegradation......Page 64
3.2.2 Generation of Large Pretilt Angles by Nanostructured Surfaces......Page 66
3.3 Anchoring Energy in Photoaligning Materials......Page 70
3.4 Stability of Photoaligning Materials: Sensitivity to UV Light......Page 75
3.6 Various Methods for the Experimental Characterization of Photoalignment Layers......Page 78
References......Page 83
4.1 Vertical LC Alignment......Page 88
4.2 Twisted LC Photoalignment......Page 91
4.3 Photoalignment of Ferroelectric LC......Page 93
4.4 Optical Rewritable LC Alignment......Page 97
4.5 Photoalignment with Asymmetric Surface Anchoring......Page 101
4.6 LC Photoalignment on Plastic Substrates......Page 102
4.7 Photoalignment on Grating Surface......Page 104
4.8 Photoalignment of Lyotropic and Discotic LCs......Page 109
4.9 Other Types of LC Photoalignment......Page 112
References......Page 115
5.1.1 Dichroism......Page 120
5.1.2 Direct Photoalignment......Page 123
5.1.3 Indirect Photoalignment......Page 126
5.1.4 Patterned Polarizers......Page 127
5.2.1 Types of Films......Page 128
5.2.2 Direct and Indirect Photoalignment......Page 130
5.2.3 Examples of Photoaligned Retardation Films......Page 132
5.2.4 Photo-patterned Phase Retarders and Color Filters......Page 137
5.3 Transflective LCD with Photo-patterned Polarizers and Phase Retarders......Page 142
5.4 Security Applications of Photoaligning and Photo-patterning......Page 148
5.5 Optical Elements Based on Photoaligning Technology......Page 150
References......Page 152
6.1 Bistable Nematic Displays......Page 156
6.2 Photoaligned Liquid-Crystal-on-Silicon Microdisplays......Page 159
6.3 Photoaligned Ferroelectric LCDs......Page 162
6.4 New Optical Rewritable Electronic Paper......Page 167
6.5 Application of Photoalignment in Photonic LC Devices......Page 170
References......Page 173
7.1 Introductory Remarks......Page 176
7.2 List of Patents: Patent Classification......Page 186
7.3 Analysis and Comments on the Patents......Page 237
Index......Page 240