Phonocardiography Signal Processing

SYNTHESIS LECTURES ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING......Page 3
Contents......Page 11
Preface......Page 17
List of Abbreviations......Page 19
List of Symbols......Page 23
Introduction......Page 25
Overview of signal processing......Page 26
Cardiovascular physiology......Page 28
Cardiac cycle......Page 31
Cardiac pressure profile......Page 33
Ventricular pressure-volume loops......Page 34
Cardiac electrical conduction system......Page 36
Physiology of the heart sound......Page 37
Abnormal heart sound pattern......Page 39
Heart sound as hemodynamic index......Page 42
Auscultation technique......Page 44
Summary......Page 51
Dynamics of phonocardiography......Page 53
Vibratory PCG signal spectrum......Page 58
Band-pass filter versus high-pass filter......Page 61
Investigation of normal cardiac cycle in multi-frequency band......Page 63
High-frequency vibrations bands [500-1000 Hz and 1000-2000 Hz......Page 69
Medium-high frequency band [120-240 Hz and 240-480 Hz]......Page 70
The heart tones production mechanism......Page 71
Microphone transducer......Page 72
Acoustic coupling......Page 75
Summary......Page 76
Phonocardiography signal presentation......Page 77
PCG signal presentation......Page 79
Cardiac sound modeling and identification......Page 80
S1 cardiac sound modeling......Page 81
Modeling abnormal heart sound S3 and S4......Page 82
Future perspectives......Page 85
Pacemaker heart sound acoustic detection......Page 86
Physiological monitoring of blood pressure with phonocardiography......Page 87
Automated blood pressure-PCG based measurement......Page 88
Summary......Page 90
Historical perspective......Page 91
Fourier analysis......Page 92
Wavelets versus fourier analysis......Page 93
Haar wavelet......Page 95
Debauchies (Db) wavelet......Page 97
Subband coding......Page 100
Wavelets decomposition......Page 101
Continuous Wavelet Transform......Page 102
Pattern detection based on adaptive wavelets analysis......Page 103
Summary......Page 106
PCG signal spectral analysis......Page 109
Energy spectral density of deterministic signals......Page 111
PCG spectral estimation......Page 112
Nonparametric method for phonocardiography spectral estimation......Page 114
Windowing, periodic extension, and extrapolation......Page 116
Periodogram method......Page 117
Modified periodogram method......Page 119
PCG ARMA spectral estimation......Page 121
ARMA modeling approach......Page 123
Phonocardiography ESPRIT method......Page 124
Spectral-window method for PCG-signal processing......Page 126
Digital stethoscope system (DS)......Page 127
Summary......Page 129
Introduction......Page 133
K-means clustering method......Page 134
Fuzzy c-means classification algorithm......Page 136
Principal component analysis (PCA)......Page 138
Higher-order statistics PCG classification PCG-HOS......Page 140
Independent component analysis (ICA) method......Page 142
PCG classification based on artificial neural network (ANN)......Page 146
General concept of ANN......Page 148
Neural network topologies......Page 149
PCG diagnosis with self-organizing mapping (SOM)......Page 150
Self-organization principle......Page 152
Bayes classifier......Page 155
PCG signal Bayesian parameter estimation......Page 156
Phonocardiography hemodynamic identification......Page 158
PCG pattern classification application example......Page 161
Extraction of PCG power and frequency feature vectors......Page 162
Future trends in phonocardiography pattern classification......Page 163
Summary......Page 164
Fetal phonocardiography signal processing......Page 167
Fetal sound detection medical sensors......Page 168
Challenges and motivation......Page 170
Intracardiac phonocardiography (ICP) signal processing......Page 171
ICP signal processing......Page 173
ICP acoustic transmission properties......Page 174
Separation of phonocardiography from phonospirography signal......Page 176
Phonocardiogram cardiac pacemaker driven system......Page 181
Basis of cardiac supportive device......Page 182
Summary......Page 185
Introduction......Page 187
Motivation and problem formulation......Page 188
PATI-experimental setup and system prototyping......Page 191
Acoustic array signal processing......Page 193
Adaptive beam-forming in cardiac acoustic imaging......Page 194
Adaptive beam former with minimum-variance distortionless response......Page 197
Heart sounds physiological modeling based on PATI method......Page 198
Summary......Page 199
 Feedback from Clinical and Biomedical Aspects......Page 203
Bibliography......Page 205
Contributors......Page 215
About the Authors......Page 217