Philosophical Anthropology: An Introduction

Cover
Copyright
Foreword
Chapter 1 | Philosophical Anthropology, or the Philosophy of Man
1. Philosophical Reflection on the Human Person
2. The Method of Philosophical Anthropology
3. Philosophical Anthropology as It Relates to Other Fields of Philosophy and Theology
Summary of Chapter 1
Chapter 2 | Life and the Degrees of Life
1. The Notion of Life
2. Life as Immanence and Transcendence
2.1. Immanence
2.2. Transcendence
3. General Characteristics of Living Beings
3.1. Constituent, or Structural, Characteristics
3.1.1. Unity
3.1.2. Organicity
3.2. Dynamic, or Operational, Characteristics
3.2.1. Self-movement
3.2.2. Adaptation
4. Degrees of Life and Operations of Life
4.1. Vegetative Life
4.2. Sensitive Life
4.3. Intellective Life
4.4. Conclusion: The Degrees of Life Are Characterized by “Cumulativeness,” Depending on the Operations of Life
Summary of Chapter 2
Chapter 3 | The Soul, or the Vital Principle
1. Premise: Form and Matter, Substance and Accidents
2. The Soul as Substantial Form of Living Beings: Two Definitions of Soul
2.1. The Structural, or Constituent, Viewpoint: The Soul as Form of the Body
2.2. The Dynamic, or Functional, Viewpoint: The Soul as First Principle of Operations
3. Characteristics of the Soul
4. The Global Perspective
Summary of Chapter 3
Chapter 4 | The Living Body
1. Inert Matter and Living Body
2. The Body as System: The Idea of Organism
2.1. The Animate Body at the Structural Level: “Organicity”
2.2. The Animate Body at the Dynamic Level: “Intentionality”
3. The Notion of Organ: Anatomy and Physiology
4. The Causal Relationship Between Soul and Body
5. The Body and Corporeity
6. Origins and Evolutionism
7. Cosmogenesis, Biogenesis, and Anthropogenesis
Summary of Chapter 4
Chapter 5 | The Faculties, or Operative Principles: Act and Operation
1. Act and Potency, Operation and Faculty
2. Faculty of the Individual or Faculty of the Soul?
2.1. Structural Viewpoint: The Faculties as Accidental Properties of the Soul
2.2. Dynamic Viewpoint: The Faculties and the Activity of the Individual
3. Typology and Interaction of the Human Faculties
3.1. Distinctions Among the Faculties
3.2. The Interaction of Man’s Faculties
Summary of Chapter 5 Chapter 6 | Human Knowledge: The External Senses
1. Cognitive Life
1.1. To Be and to Know
1.2. Transitive Action and Immanent Action
1.2.1. Transitive Actions
1.2.2. Immanent Actions
1.3. Cognitive Activity
2. Sense Knowledge
2.1. Sense Faculties and Intellectual Knowledge
2.2. The Organs and Faculties of Sense
3. External Senses
3.1. Touch
3.2. Taste
3.3. Smell
3.4. Hearing
3.5. Sight
4. Proper, Common, and Per Accidens Sensibles
Summary of Chapter 6
Chapter 7 | Human Knowledge: Internal Sense Experience
1. External Senses and Internal Senses
2. The Common Sense
3. Imagination
4. Cogitative Power
5. Memory
Summary of Chapter 7
Chapter 8 | Human Knowledge: The Intellect
1. Intellectual Knowledge
2. What We Know With the Intellect, and How We Know It
3. Self-awareness, or Self-knowledge
4. Intelligence and Speech
5. The Mind-body Problem
Summary of Chapter 8
Chapter 9 | Tendential Dynamism and Freedom
1. Tendencies and Instincts
2. The Plasticity of Human Tendencies
3. The Will, or Spiritual-type of Tendency
4. The Voluntariness of Actions and Freedom
5. Deterministic Concepts
5.1. The Determinism of Certain Scientific Theories
5.2. Sociologism and Psychologism
Summary of Chapter 9
Chapter 10 | Affective Dynamism
1. Philosophical Reflections on Affectivity
2. Terminological Clarification
3. Tendencies and Affections
4. Sensations, Feelings, and Moods
5. The Dynamism of the Feelings
5.1. The Affections as Immanent Sensory Actions
5.2. The Cognitive Value of Feelings
6. Typology of the Affections
7. Affectivity and Freedom
7.1. The Feelings and Moral Responsibility
7.2. The Education of Affectivity
Summary of Chapter 10
Chapter 11 | Sexuality
1. Corporeity and Sexuality
2. Relations Between Man and Woman
3. Integrating the Sexual Impulse into the Idea of Love as a Gift
4. Sexuality and the Maturation of the Person
Summary of Chapter 11
Chapter 12 | Spirituality, Death, and Immortality
1. Monism, Dualism, and Duality
2. The Existential, or Philosophical, Problem of Death
3. More on the Soul-body Relationship
4. Immateriality and Immortality
5. At the Origin of the Person
Summary of Chapter 12
Chapter 13 | Who Is the Person?
1. The Centrality of the Person
2. Phenomenological Perspective and Metaphysical Perspective
3. Metaphysical Analysis of the Notion of Person
3.1. Inalienability
3.1.1. Unrepeatability
3.1.2. The Consequences of Inalienability
3.2. Completeness
3.3. Intentionality and Relationality
3.4. Autonomy
4. Historical Explanation of How the Metaphysical Notion of Person Developed
4.1. The Greek and Latin Notion of Person Before Christianity
4.2. The Contribution of Christianity
4.2.1. The Philosophy of the Fathers up to St. Augustine
4.2.2. Boethius’s Definition
4.2.3. St. John Damascene and St. Bonaventure
4.2.4. The Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas
4.3. The Role of Personalism
Summary of Chapter 13
Chapter 14 | Freedom and Self-fulfillment
1. The Task of Self-fulfillment
2. Authentic Existence
3. Coherence and Faithfulness
4. Persons and Individuals
5. The Experience of Freedom
6. The Experience of Evil
7. The “Checkmate” of Pain
8. Self-fulfillment and Self-transcendence
8.1. Dynamism and Tension
8.2. Interiority and Exteriority
8.3. Self-distancing, Love, and the Giving of Self
8.4. Self-transcendence of the Person and Transcendence
Summary of Chapter 14
Chapter 15 | The Relationality of the Person
1. Originariness of Relationality
2. Man Is Social by Nature
3. Socializing Tendencies and Social Virtues
3.1. Relations with the Origins, Tradition, and Authority
3.2. Relations of Reciprocity and Friendship
3.3. The Roots of Society
4. Personal Self-fulfillment and Society
5. Individualist Conceptions and Collectivist Conceptions
5.1. Self-sufficiency and Individualism
5.2. Forms of Collectivism
Summary of Chapter 15
Chapter 16 | Culture
1. The Meaning of the Word “Culture”
1.1. Cultivation, Formation, and Cult
1.2. Culture and Human Existence
2. Three fundamental Elements of Culture
2.1. Language and Cultural Traditions
2.2. Usage and Custom
2.3. Values in Culture
3. Culture and Society
3.1.The Interaction Between Personal Culture and Social Culture
3.2. The “Three World Theory” of K. R. Popper and J. C. Eccles
Summary of Chapter 16
Chapter 17 | Values
1. Personal Existence Oriented Toward Values
1.1. The Hierarchy and Experience of Values
1.2. The Transmission and Recognition of Values
1.3 Stability of Values and Personal Self-fulfillment
1.4 The Contribution of Max Scheler’s Axiology
2. Metaphysical Analysis of Value
2.1. Value and Being
2.2. Value, Beauty, and Truth
Summary of Chapter 17
Chapter 18 | Work, Feast, Play
1. The Work of Man in the World
2. The Notion of Work
3. Subjective and Objective Meanings of Work
4. Relational Significance and Ecological Significance of Work
5. Technology and the Relationship with Nature
6. Feast
7. Play
Summary of Chapter 18
Chapter 19 | Time and History
1. History and Freedom
2. Cyclical and Linear Nature of History
3. Biographical Temporality
3.1. Past, Present, and Future
3.2. Haste, Preoccupation, and the Life Project
3.3. Hope and the Desire for Eternity
Summary of Chapter 19
Bibliography
Endnotes