Phebus Fission Product Project: Presentation of the experimental programme and test facility (Publication No. Eur 13520 En of the Commission of the Europe)

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 4
COPYRIGHT......Page 5
FOREWORD......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
Abbreviations......Page 10
WELCOME ADDRESS......Page 11
WELCOME ADDRESS......Page 13
SESSION I  SURVEY OF LWR SEVERE ACCIDENT SOURCE TERM RESEARCH......Page 15
1.2.  Sweden......Page 16
2.  SOURCE TERM RESEARCH IN EUROPE......Page 17
2.3.  UK research program......Page 18
3.  CONCLUSION......Page 19
1.  INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......Page 20
Scope of Research Efforts......Page 21
In-vessel source term: release from fuel and retention in RCS......Page 22
Ex-vessel source term......Page 25
Release from containment......Page 27
In-vessel source term: revaporization from reactor coolant system......Page 28
Ex-vessel source term......Page 29
Regulatory Implications......Page 30
REFERENCES......Page 31
Present Status of Nuclear Power Generation in Japan......Page 33
National Position on Severe Accident(5)......Page 34
Fuel Damage and Melt Progression......Page 35
Fission Product Release and Transport......Page 36
Component and Containment Integrity......Page 38
Recent Level-1 and Level-2 PSAs for LWR Plants......Page 41
Accident Management Strategies......Page 42
Code Development and Assessment......Page 43
REFERENCES......Page 44
Discussion following the presentations of Session I......Page 45
SESSION II  STATE OF THE ART DEDUCED FROM PREVIOUS LARGE EXPERIMENTS......Page 46
1.  OVERVIEW......Page 47
2.  EXPERIMENTS AND INTERPRETATION ON CORE DEGRADATION AND MELT PROGRESSION......Page 50
3.  SUMMARY OF FISSION PRODUCT RELEASE IN INTEGRAL TESTS......Page 53
REFERENCES......Page 55
2.  PURPOSE OF LARGE SCALE EXPERIMENTS......Page 56
3.1.1.  Objectives......Page 57
3.1.4.  Results......Page 58
3.1.5.  Lessons learned......Page 59
3.2.1.  Objectives......Page 60
3.2.4.  Results......Page 61
3.2.5  Lessons learned......Page 62
3.3.4.  Results......Page 63
3.3.5.  Lessons learned......Page 64
4.2.  Time dependent aerosol composition......Page 65
5.  COMPARISON TO CODE CALCULATIONS......Page 66
6.  UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS......Page 68
7.  RECOMMENDATIONS TO PHEBUS FP......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 70
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 73
2.  INTEGRAL TESTS......Page 74
2.1  Marviken-V......Page 75
2.3  Advanced Containment Experiments (ACE), Phase B: Iodine Chemistry......Page 79
2.3.1  RTF......Page 80
2.4  Falcon......Page 81
2.5  Relevant Fuel Degradation Tests......Page 82
2.5.3  TMI-2......Page 83
3.  PHEBUS-FP......Page 84
4.  CONCLUSIONS......Page 85
REFERENCES......Page 86
2.  PHEBUS SFD FACILITY......Page 89
3.  INSTRUMENTATION AND TEST PARAMETERS MONITORING......Page 90
Temperature measurements......Page 91
Bundle power......Page 92
Thermal conductivity of the shroud......Page 93
AIC test (June 1989)......Page 94
CLADDING OXIDATION......Page 95
INTERACTION BETWEEN ZIRCALOY AND FUEL PELLETS......Page 96
Interaction due to control rods materials......Page 98
6.  CONCLUSION......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 101
2.  THE PHEBUS SFD FACILITY AND THE B9+ EXPERIMENT......Page 102
Radial Boundary Conditions in the Shroud......Page 103
5.  OVERVIEW ON THE COMPARISONS......Page 104
Thermal behaviour......Page 105
Oxidation and H2 production......Page 106
UO2 and ZRO2 Dissolution by Molten Zr......Page 107
Relocation and Bundle Blockage......Page 109
6.  PRELIMINARY CONCLUSIONS......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 112
Discussion following the presentations of SESSION II......Page 114
SESSION III  CORE AND FP-BEHAVIOUR......Page 115
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 116
2 FUEL BEHAVIOUR......Page 117
4 F.P. BEHAVIOUR IN CONTAINMENT......Page 118
5 CONCLUSION......Page 119
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 120
2.  OBJECTIVES......Page 121
3.  COMPONENTS AND PHENOMENA TO BE SIMULATED IN THE PHEBUS-FP FACILITY......Page 122
4.  TEST MATRIX......Page 124
4.1  Fuel bundle......Page 126
4.2  Primary circuit......Page 127
4.3  Containment vessel......Page 128
5.  REPRESENTATIVITY ASPECTS......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 130
2.  EXPERIMENTAL CIRCUIT......Page 131
2.2  The constraints......Page 132
2.3.1  The test train......Page 133
2.3.2  The horizontal line......Page 134
3.1.1  Containment geometry......Page 135
3.1.2  Sump geometry......Page 137
3.1.3  Containment wall thickness......Page 138
4.2  Experimental and post-experimental phases......Page 139
6.  REFERENCES......Page 140
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 142
3.1.1.1.  Requirements......Page 143
3.1.1.2.  First test, FPT 0......Page 144
3.1.3.2.  Non-destructive examens......Page 145
3.1.3.3.  Destructive examens......Page 146
3.2.2.2.  Grab samples......Page 147
3.2.2.3.  On-line gamma spectrometers......Page 148
3.2.3.  Mass spectrometry......Page 149
3.3.1.2.  Instrumentation plan......Page 150
3.3.2.5.  Miscellaneous......Page 151
3.4.  Outlet system and atmosphere vessel......Page 152
3.5.3.  Instrument analysis survey......Page 153
4.1.  Scope......Page 154
4.2.  Survey......Page 155
6.  REFERENCES......Page 156
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 158
2.  THE HEVA PROGRAM......Page 159
3.  THE TUBA EXPERIMENTS......Page 160
4.  THE PITEAS PROGRAM......Page 161
5.  IODE ANALYTICAL EXPERIMENTS......Page 163
6.  MINI-CONTAINMENT PROPOSAL......Page 166
7.  CONCLUSION......Page 167
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 169
2.  THE TEST MATRIX DEFINITION......Page 170
3.  INSTRUMENTATION......Page 173
4.  EXPERIMENTAL WORK......Page 174
5.  MODEL AND CODE DEVELOPMENT......Page 175
6.  CONCLUSIONS......Page 176
References......Page 177
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 178
2.3.  Structures......Page 179
4.  REFERENCES......Page 180
Discussion following the presentations of SESSION III......Page 182
SESSION IV  ANALYTICAL ACTIVITIES......Page 183
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 184
2.  SOURCE TERM CODES—TYPE, SCOPE AND ROLE......Page 185
3.  SOURCE TERM CODES—GENERIC ISSUES......Page 187
4.  SOURCE TERM CODE VALIDATION AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 189
5.  QUESTIONS, ANSWERS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 190
1.  INTRODUCTION......Page 193
2.1.  Overall system structure......Page 194
Thermal models......Page 195
SOPHIE......Page 196
Thermalhydraulic models......Page 197
2.2.4  WECHSL-CALTHER......Page 198
Thermal model......Page 199
2.3  Assessment and application......Page 200
Core modelling......Page 201
Heat transfers......Page 202
Mechanical model......Page 203
3.3  Assessment and Application......Page 204
4.  CONCLUSION......Page 205
REFERENCES:......Page 206
1.  Introduction......Page 208
2.  What is ESTER?......Page 209
3.  ESTER Specification......Page 210
5.  ESTER Tools and Services......Page 212
6.  Data Structure......Page 213
8.  Review of Specifications......Page 214
9.  New Contributions to ESTER......Page 215
10.  ESTER Development and Validation Plans......Page 216
References......Page 217
1.2  Preparation of the First Test......Page 218
1.3  Objectives of the First Test......Page 219
2.2  Dimensioning Verifications......Page 220
2.3  Exploratory Calculations......Page 223
2.4  Main Problems Encountered......Page 227
3.  CIRCUIT STUDIES......Page 228
3.1  Information from Shared Cost Action 2/B......Page 229
3.2  Dimensioning Verifications......Page 230
3.3  Exploratory Calculations......Page 232
3.3.1  Thermalhydraulics of the circuit......Page 233
3.3.2  Fission Product Depletion in the Circuit......Page 234
3.3.3  Chemistry inside the circuit......Page 237
4.3  Dimensioning Verifications......Page 238
4.4  Exploratory Calculations......Page 239
4.4.1  Containment thermalhydraulics......Page 240
4.4.2  Aerosols inside the containment......Page 241
4.4.3  Iodine chemistry inside the containment......Page 242
5.  CONCLUSION......Page 243
REFERENCES......Page 246
Discussion following the presentations of SESSION IV......Page 248
PANEL DISCUSSION......Page 249
Introduction......Page 250
Mr. M.Akiyama......Page 251
Mr. M.Pezzilli......Page 252
Mrs. C.Lecomte......Page 253
Mr. M.R.Hayns......Page 254
Mr. M.Banaschik......Page 255
DISCUSSION......Page 257
CLOSING REMARKS......Page 259
INDEX OF AUTHORS......Page 270