Phase Transformations and Heat Treatments of Steels

1. An introduction to Metals 
1.1 Elements, atoms and isotopes
1.2 Types of bonding between atoms
1.3 Crystal structures
2. Diffusion 
2.1 Atomic diffusion mechanisms
2.2 Types of diffusion
3. Defects in Crystalline Solids
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification
4. Solid Solutions
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types of solid solutions
4.3 Electron to atom ratio
4.4 Enthalpy of formation of a solid solution
4.5 Entropy of formation of a solid solution
4.6 Free energy change upon formation of a solid solution
4.7 Ordered and random solid solutions
4.8 Intermediate phases
5. Phase diagrams and phase transformations 
5.1 Thermodynamic considerations of phase diagrams
5.2 Gibb’s Phase rule
5.3 Lever rule
5.4 Types of phase diagrams and phase transformations
5.5 Some other solid phase transformations in metals and alloys
5.6 Roles of defects and diffusion
6. Iron-Carbon phase diagram
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Allotropic transformations in iron
6.3 Solubility of carbon in iron
6.4 Iron-iron carbide phase diagram
6.5 Effect of alloying elements on the iron-carbon equilibrium diagram
7. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Solid-State Phase Transformation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Nucleation
7.3 Growth Kinetics
7.4 TTT and CCT Diagrams
8. Phase transformation in steels
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Formation of austenite
8.3. Pearlitic transformation
8.4. Bainitic transformation
8.5. Martensitic transformation
9. Heat Treatment Furnaces 
9.1. Introduction
9.2. Classification of furnaces
9.3. Batch furnace
9.4. Continuous furnace
9.5. Salt bath furnace
10. Heat treatment atmosphere
10.1. Introduction
10.2. Reactions between atmosphere and material
10.3. Types of furnace atmospheres
11. Common heat treatment practices
11.1. Typical heat treatment processes
11.2. Hardenability
11.3. Case-hardening and surface-hardening
11.4. Thermo-mechanical treatment
11.5. Heat treatment of carbon and alloy steels
12. Special Steels
12.1. Stainless steels
12.2. Hadfield manganese steels
12.3. HSLA (High Strength Low Alloy) or micro-alloyed steels
12.4. TRIP (Transformed Induced Plasticity) steels
12.5. Maraging steels
12.6. Dual-Phase steels
12.7. Tool steels
12.8. Electric grade steels
13. Some in-situ post weld heat treatment practices
13.1 Necessity
13.2 Conventional PWHT process
13.3 In-situ PWHT of TRIP steel
13.4 PWHT of duplex stainless steel
14. Heat Treatment of cast-iron 
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Types of cast iron
14.3. Heat Treatment of gray cast iron
14.4. Heat treatment of Malleable cast iron
14.5. Heat treatment of S.G. irons
15. Heat treatment defects and their determination 
15.1 Distortion
15.2 Warping
15.3 Residual stresses
15.4 Quench cracking
15.5 Soft spot
15.6 Oxidation and decarburization
15.7 Low hardness and strength after hardening
15.8 Overheating of steel
15.9 Burning of steel
15.10 Black fracture
15.11 Deformation and Volume changes after hardening
15.12 Excessive hardness after tempering
15.13 Corrosion and Erosion
16. Some special heat treatment practices
16.1 Automobile Industries
16.2 Aerospace industries
16.3 Medical equipment
16.4 Defense Industries