Pharmacy Student Survival Guide

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 14
Preface......Page 18
Acknowledgments......Page 20
Section 1 Systems and Expectations......Page 22
Introduction......Page 24
Professional Attributes......Page 26
Curriculum Vitae and Cover Letter......Page 27
The Practice Site......Page 31
Practice Experience Courses......Page 34
Introductory Practice Courses......Page 35
Conclusion......Page 38
References......Page 39
2 Ethics in Pharmacy Practice......Page 40
The Codes of Professional Ethics in Medicine and Pharmacy......Page 42
History of (a) How Biomedical Ethics Evolved and the Fundamental Principles of Biomedical Ethics, (b) How Clinical Ethics Evolved, and (c) Clinical Applications of Those Principles (Clinical Ethics) with Case Examples......Page 45
Codes of Conduct in the Professions and, Specifically, Clinical Ethics......Page 54
Conclusion: The Doctor/Clinician-Patient Relationship is the Core of Clinical Ethics......Page 59
References......Page 60
Answers to Application Exercises......Page 61
3 Pharmacy as a Community-Based Profession......Page 62
Introduction......Page 63
Service-Learning......Page 64
What Can You Learn From Service-Learning?......Page 65
What Do You Need To Do To Learn From Service in the Community?......Page 68
Who Benefits From Service-Learning and How?......Page 70
Conclusion......Page 72
References......Page 73
4 Communication: An Overview......Page 76
Importance of Communication Skills......Page 78
Model of Communication......Page 79
Potential Barriers to Pharmacist’s Communication......Page 81
Oral Communication Skills......Page 82
Nonverbal Communication Skills......Page 92
Putting It All Together: Patient Interviewing......Page 94
The What, Why, and How of Presentations......Page 102
Getting Started......Page 105
Writing in the Professions......Page 113
Summary......Page 119
Application Exercises......Page 120
References......Page 121
Scenario I......Page 123
Scenario II......Page 124
Scenario IV......Page 125
Scenario V......Page 126
Scenario VII......Page 127
Scenario VIII......Page 128
Scenario IX......Page 129
Scenario XI......Page 130
Scenario XII......Page 131
Scenario XIII......Page 132
Scenario XV......Page 133
5 Rounding, Documentation, and Patient Education......Page 135
Advanced Practice Experiences......Page 137
Acknowledgment......Page 150
References......Page 151
6 Monitoring Drug Therapy......Page 153
Introduction......Page 154
Steps for Monitoring Drug Therapy......Page 156
Putting It All Together......Page 174
Application Exercises......Page 180
References......Page 181
7 Regulatory Agencies with Pharmacy Oversight and Legal Requirements for Filling a Prescription......Page 183
Introduction......Page 184
Administrative Agencies......Page 185
Drug Laws......Page 186
The Prescription......Page 191
Summary......Page 198
Bibliography......Page 199
Section 2 Patient Care Tool Box......Page 200
8 A Brief Look at the Construction of Medical Terminology and Common Definitions of Words That are Part of the Pharmacy Vernacular......Page 202
Introduction......Page 203
What is in a Word?......Page 204
Definitions of Common Terms Within the Pharmacy Vernacular......Page 218
Application Exercises......Page 234
References......Page 236
9 Pharmacy Calculations......Page 237
Introduction......Page 238
The Prescription or Medication Order......Page 240
Common Systems of Measurement and Conversion......Page 242
Ratio Strength and Percentage......Page 244
Aliquots......Page 247
Tonicity and Osmolarity......Page 249
Reconstitution and Intravenous Admixtures......Page 251
Application Exercises......Page 253
References......Page 255
10 Physical Assessment Skills......Page 256
Introduction......Page 258
Basic Physical Assessment Technique......Page 259
Getting Started......Page 262
Application Exercises......Page 280
References......Page 281
11 Interpretation of Clinical Laboratory Data......Page 282
Introduction......Page 284
Clinical Pearls When Interpreting Laboratory Data......Page 285
Urinalysis......Page 292
Electrolytes and Blood Chemistry......Page 296
Cardiac Tests......Page 305
Lipoprotein Panel......Page 306
Endocrine Tests: Thyroid Function......Page 309
Endocrine Tests: Diabetes Mellitus......Page 311
Endocrine Tests: Adrenal Gland......Page 312
Gastrointestinal Tests......Page 315
Hematologic Tests......Page 320
Coagulation Tests......Page 323
Immunologic Tests......Page 325
Infectious Disease Diagnostic Tests......Page 326
Hepatitis A......Page 329
Hepatitis B......Page 330
Hepatitis C......Page 331
Application Exercises......Page 332
References......Page 333
12 Designing Patient Treatment Plans: Pharmacokinetic Foundations......Page 336
Introduction......Page 337
Dosage Regimen Design......Page 338
Basic Calculations to Determine Individual Pharmacokinetic Variables......Page 370
Application......Page 374
Application Exercises......Page 377
References......Page 380
Section 3 Topics in Pharmacy Practice......Page 382
13 Drug Information and Drug Literature Evaluation......Page 384
Drug Information Skills......Page 385
Standard References......Page 392
Drug Literature Evaluation......Page 393
Professional Writing......Page 401
Application Exercises......Page 428
References......Page 429
14 Community/Ambulatory Care......Page 430
Community Pharmacy Practice: Pharmacy Business Issues......Page 433
Managing the Clinical Messages/DUR Messages/Computer Checks......Page 443
Telepharmacy—Upcoming Changes in Medication Order Fulfillment Practice......Page 447
Community Pharmacy Practice: Patient Care Issues......Page 450
Ambulatory Care Pharmacy: Practice Issues......Page 461
Experiential Education Courses: Managing Activities at the Site......Page 464
Summary and Conclusion......Page 468
References......Page 469
Patient Cases......Page 470
Community Pharmacy Cases......Page 471
Ambulatory Care Cases......Page 473
15 Institutional Pharmacy Practice......Page 482
General Hospital Overview......Page 485
Educational Experiences in an Institution......Page 502
Conclusion......Page 510
Application Exercises......Page 511
References......Page 512
Application Exercise Answers......Page 513
16 Managed Care......Page 531
Introduction......Page 532
Business Services in Managed Care......Page 534
Clinical Tools in Managed Care......Page 535
Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy......Page 538
For More Information......Page 539
References......Page 540
Introduction......Page 542
Public Health Specialty Areas......Page 543
Public Health Practice......Page 546
Public Health Organizations and Institutions......Page 547
Healthy People 2010 and 2020......Page 550
Public Health Education in the Pharmacy Curriculum......Page 553
References......Page 556
Introduction......Page 558
Advocacy for the Profession......Page 559
Advocacy for the Underserved Patient......Page 565
Taking the Practice to the Streets, Hillsides, and Mountain Top Villages......Page 567
Preparation for Outreach Trips......Page 569
Getting There......Page 570
Conclusion......Page 571
References......Page 572
A......Page 576
B......Page 579
C......Page 580
D......Page 585
E......Page 587
F......Page 589
H......Page 590
I......Page 592
L......Page 594
M......Page 595
N......Page 597
P......Page 598
Q......Page 603
R......Page 604
S......Page 605
T......Page 606
V......Page 607
Z......Page 608