Pharmacology : an illustrated review

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
1.2 Absorption of Drugs......Page 11
1.3 Drug Distribution......Page 14
1.4 Metabolism of Drugs......Page 18
1.5 Elimination of Drugs......Page 22
1.6 Drug Interactions......Page 23
1.7 Determinants of Plasma Concentration and Dosing......Page 24
1.8 Pharmacokinetics of Drug Administration in Practice......Page 25
2.1 Drug−Receptor Interactions......Page 30
2.2 Dose–Response Relationship......Page 35
3.2 The Pediatric Patient......Page 37
3.3 The Elderly Patient......Page 38
3.4 The Pregnant Patient......Page 39
3.5 The Breastfed Child......Page 40
Review Questions......Page 41
4.1 Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System......Page 45
4.2 Neurotransmitters of the Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems......Page 47
4.3 Neurotransmitter Receptors......Page 50
4.4 Physiologic Responses of the Autonomic Nervous System......Page 51
5.1 Cholinergic Agonists......Page 54
5.2 Cholinergic Antagonists......Page 58
6.1 Catecholamine Sympathomimetics......Page 64
6.2 Noncatecholamine Sympathomimetics......Page 68
6.3 Drugs Inhibiting Sympathetic Function (Sympatholytics)......Page 70
6.4 Drugs that Deplete Catecholamines......Page 72
Review Questions......Page 74
7.2 Specific Central Neurotransmitters......Page 77
8.1 Inhalation Agents......Page 85
8.2 Intravenous Anesthetic Agents......Page 87
8.3 Local Anesthetics......Page 89
Chapter 9: Anxiolytic and Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs......Page 92
10.1 First-generation Antidepressant Drugs......Page 96
10.2 Second-generation Antidepressant Drugs......Page 98
10.4 Antimanic Drug......Page 99
10.5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder......Page 100
11.2 Antiepileptic Agents......Page 101
12.1 Features of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotic Agents......Page 108
12.2 Typical Antipsychotics......Page 110
13.1 Opiate Agonists......Page 112
13.2 Mixed Opiate Agonist-Antagonists......Page 117
13.4 Related Compounds......Page 118
14.1 Parkinson Disease......Page 120
14.2 Alzheimer disease......Page 125
14.3 Spasticity and Muscle Spasms......Page 126
15.1 Opioids......Page 128
15.2 Alcohol......Page 129
15.4 Barbiturates......Page 132
15.6 Stimulants......Page 133
15.7 Hallucinogens......Page 134
15.9 Tobacco......Page 135
15.10 Inhalants......Page 136
Review Questions......Page 137
16.1 Pituitary Hormones......Page 146
16.2 Thyroid Hormones......Page 153
16.3 Parathyroid Hormone and Other Factors Affecting Bone Metabolism......Page 155
16.4 Adrenocortical Hormones......Page 160
17.1 Estrogens......Page 167
17.2 Progestins......Page 169
17.3 Hormonal Contraception......Page 170
17.4 Estrogen Antagonists......Page 173
17.6 Ovulatory Agents......Page 175
17.7 Androgens, Anabolic Steroids, and Antiandrogens......Page 176
17.8 Drugs Acting on the Uterus......Page 179
18.1 Insulin......Page 180
18.2 Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs......Page 184
18.3 Antihypoglycemic Drugs......Page 187
Review Questions......Page 188
19.1 Overview of Renal Physiology......Page 191
19.2 Diuretics......Page 193
19.3 Antidiuretic Drugs......Page 199
19.4 Vasopressin Antagonists......Page 200
20.3 Angiotensin Antagonists......Page 201
20.4 Sympatholytic Drugs......Page 204
20.5 Direct Vasodilators......Page 210
21.1 Heart Failure......Page 213
21.3 ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists......Page 214
21.5 Positive Inotropic Agents......Page 215
21.7 Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Agonists......Page 216
21.8 Vasodilators......Page 217
22.1 Angina......Page 218
22.2 Vasodilators......Page 219
22.4 Calcium Channel Blockers......Page 221
23.1 Electrophysiology of the Heart......Page 223
23.2 Arrhythmias......Page 226
23.3 Antiarrhythmic Drugs......Page 227
Chapter 24: Drugs Acting on the Blood......Page 233
24.1 Antiplatelet Drugs......Page 234
24.2 Anticoagulants......Page 236
24.3 Anemia and Antianemia Drugs (Hematinics)......Page 242
24.4 Hematopoietic Growth Factors......Page 245
25.1 Lipids and Lipoproteins......Page 246
25.2 Antihyperlipidemic Drugs......Page 247
Review Questions......Page 252
26.1 Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease......Page 259
26.2 Treatment of Asthma and Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease......Page 260
26.4 Treatment of Rhinitis......Page 264
26.5 Treatment of Cough......Page 267
26.6 Treatment of Excess Mucus Production......Page 268
27.1 Proton Pump Inhibitors......Page 269
27.2 Gastric Antacids......Page 270
27.3 Histamine (H2) Receptor Antagonists......Page 271
27.4 Mucosal Protective Agents......Page 272
27.6 Drugs to Dissolve Gallstones......Page 273
27.8 Antiemetic Drugs......Page 274
27.10 Laxative and Cathartic Drugs......Page 277
27.11 Antidiarrheal Agents......Page 280
27.12 Drugs Used in Inflammatory Bowel Disease......Page 283
27.13 Appetite-suppressing and Appetite-enhancing Drugs......Page 287
Review Questions......Page 289
28.1 Classification of Antimicrobial Agents......Page 291
28.2 Selection of Antimicrobial Agents......Page 292
28.4 Prophylaxis of Infection with Antimicrobial Agents......Page 295
28.5 Reference Tables......Page 296
29.1 Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis......Page 297
29.2 Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis......Page 306
29.3 Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Metabolism......Page 312
29.4 Inhibitors of Folate Metabolism (Antimetabolites)......Page 313
29.5 Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs......Page 315
29.6 Antimycobacterial Drugs......Page 319
29.8 Antiseptics and Disinfectants......Page 321
Chapter 30: Antiviral Drugs......Page 323
30.1 Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis......Page 324
30.2 Viral M2 Protein Blockers......Page 327
30.4 Drugs for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C......Page 328
30.5 Management of HIV and AIDS......Page 330
31.1 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Fungal Infections......Page 334
31.2 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Protozoan Infections......Page 337
31.3 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Metazoan Infections......Page 342
Review Questions......Page 344
32.1 Serotonin and Related Drugs......Page 353
32.2 Bradykinin and Related Drugs......Page 355
32.3 Histamine and Related Drugs......Page 356
32.4 Eicosanoids and Related Drugs......Page 360
32.5 Leukotrienes and Related Drugs......Page 363
33.1 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs......Page 364
33.2 Other Analgesic-Antipyretic Drugs......Page 368
33.3 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis......Page 369
33.4 Drugs Used in the Treatment of Gout......Page 372
Review Questions......Page 375
34.1 General Principles of Cancer Chemotherapy......Page 378
34.2 Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs......Page 380
34.3 Immunosuppressants......Page 396
35.1 Nonspecific Antidotes......Page 401
35.2 Specific Antidotes......Page 402
35.3 Vitamin Poisoning and Treatment......Page 405
Review Questions......Page 406
A......Page 410
B......Page 412
C......Page 413
D......Page 415
E......Page 416
G......Page 417
H......Page 418
I......Page 419
M......Page 420
N......Page 421
O......Page 422
P......Page 423
R......Page 424
S......Page 425
T......Page 426
Z......Page 427