Pesticides in Soils: Occurrence, Fate, Control and Remediation

Series Preface
Preface
Contents
Currently Used Pesticides´ Occurrence in Soils: Recent Results and Advances in Soil-Monitoring and Survey Studies
	1 Introduction
	2 Environmental Monitoring and Survey
	3 Monitoring and Occurrence of CUPs
		3.1 Monitoring and Survey Studies in Europe
		3.2 Monitoring and Survey Studies in Asia
		3.3 Monitoring and Survey Studies in America
		3.4 Monitoring and Survey Studies in Africa
	4 Future Perspectives
	References
An Overview of Recent Research on the Role of Dissolved Organic Matter on the Environmental Fate of Pesticides in Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Sources, Composition and Concentration of DOM in Agricultural Soils
	3 Pesticide Fate in Soil under DOM Influence
		3.1 Adsorption/Desorption
		3.2 Leaching
		3.3 Degradation
		3.4 Crop Uptake
	4 Concluding Remarks
	References
Assessing the Effects of Pesticides on the Soil Microbial Community: Advances, Standardization of Methods and the Need for a N...
	1 Introduction
	2 Key Elements of an Accurate Assessment of the Toxicity of Pesticides on Soil Microorganisms
		2.1 Pesticide Exposure Measurement
		2.2 Use of Advanced, High Resolution and Standardized Methods
		2.3 Microbial Endpoints and Bioindicators
		2.4 Tiered-Risk Assessment Scheme and Standardization of Experimental Planning
	3 Emerging Issues in the Assessment of the Soil Microbial Toxicity of Pesticides
		3.1 Toxicity of Pesticides at Soil Ecosystem Level
		3.2 Toxicity of Pesticide Mixtures and Co-formulants
		3.3 Toxicity of Biopesticides
		3.4 Toxicity of Transformation Products
	4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Environmental Fate of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Sorption of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
	3 Transformation of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
		3.1 Abiotic Degradation of Chiral Pesticides
		3.2 Biotransformation of Chiral Pesticides
			3.2.1 Factors Affecting the Biotransformation of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
		3.3 Other Aspects to Consider in the Transformation of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
	4 Leaching of Chiral Pesticides in Soils
	5 Effect of Chiral Pesticides on the Microbial Community of Soils
	6 Effect of Chiral Pesticides on Target and Non-target Organisms
		6.1 Enantioselective Bioactivity of Chiral Pesticides Against Target Organisms
		6.2 Enantioselective Toxicity of Chiral Pesticides to Non-target Organisms
	7 Future Perspectives
	References
Sorption/Desorption, Leaching, and Transport Behavior of Pesticides in Soils: A Review on Recent Advances and Published Scient...
	1 Introduction
	2 Pesticides in Soil Samples
		2.1 Sorption on Soil
		2.2 Leaching in Soil
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Overview of Found Data Published in the Last 5.5 Years Regarding the Transportation Behavior of Pesticides in Soils
		3.2 Effects of Selected Factors on Pesticide Sorption and Leaching in Soils
			3.2.1 Impact of Soil Organic Matter
			3.2.2 Impact of Soil Inorganic Components
			3.2.3 Impact of Pesticides´ Physicochemical Properties
			3.2.4 Impact of Carbon-Rich Organic Amendments Applied to Soils
			3.2.5 Impact of Pesticide Mixture Interactions
	4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Plant Uptake of Pesticide Residues from Agricultural Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Potential Pesticide Residues in Agricultural Soils
		2.1 Pesticide Residue Types
		2.2 Fate and Transport in Soil
	3 Mechanisms of the Uptake, Translocation, and Bioaccumulation of Pesticide Residues in Plants
	4 Factors Influencing the Uptake of Pesticide Residues by Plants
		4.1 Environmental Factors
		4.2 Plant Physiology Factors
		4.3 Physicochemical Properties of Pesticide Residues
	5 Major Impacts on Human Health and the Environment
	6 Future Outlook and Considerations
	References
Contribution of Land Runoff to the Release of Pesticides into Water Bodies in Arable Areas
	1 Introduction
	2 Pesticides in the Environment and Compounds Included in the Study
	3 Occurrence of a Selection of Pesticides in Surface Runoff
	4 Influence of the Different Parameters on the Fate and Transport of Pesticides
		4.1 Compound Physicochemical Properties
		4.2 Rainfall Intensity and Pattern
		4.3 Soil Characteristics
	5 Effects of Land Runoff on the Water Compartments: Analysis of Some Case Studies
	6 Best Practices to Reduce Pesticide Transport
	7 Final Remarks and Needs for Future Research
	References
Pesticide Fate in Soils Under Different Agricultural Management Practices
	1 Introduction
	2 Use and Fate of Pesticides in Soils
	3 Effects of Different Factors Influencing Pesticide Fate Under Conventional Agriculture
	4 Fate of Pesticides in Soils Following the Application of Organic Amendments
		4.1 Effects of Organic Amendments on the Fate of Pesticides in Soil
	5 Fate of Pesticides in Soils Under Conservation Tillage Systems
		5.1 Effects of Conservation Tillage Practices on the Fate of Pesticides
	6 Effects of the Fate of Pesticides in Soils in Rotational Crops
	7 Modelling of Pesticide Fate Under Different Soil Management Practices
	8 Research Gaps and Future Improvements
	References
Biopurification Systems: Current Advances and Future Prospects of On-Farm Biodegradation of Pesticides
	1 Biopurification Systems: Tools for the Treatment of Pesticide Containing Wastewater of Agricultural Origin
	2 Application Scope: Removal of Pesticides from Diverse Chemical Families
	3 Description of Microbial Communities During the Operation of BPS
	4 Alternative Applications: Effects of Antibiotics of Agricultural Use During Co-Disposal in BPS
	5 Alternative Applications: Use of BPS for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals
	6 Challenges and Future Prospects
	References
Abiotic and Biological Technologies for the Remediation of Phenylurea Herbicides in Soils
	1 Introduction
	2 Behavior of Phenylurea Herbicides in Soil
	3 Technologies for Remediation of Phenylurea Herbicides
		3.1 Abiotic Remediation
			3.1.1 Abiotic Degradation in Water
			3.1.2 Abiotic Degradation in Soils
		3.2 Biological Remediation
			3.2.1 Biostimulation
			3.2.2 Bioaugmentation
			3.2.3 Phytoremediation
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Bioremediation of Soil Ecosystems from Triazine Herbicides
	1 Introduction
	2 Biodegradation as a Regulating Ecosystem Service Provided by Microorganisms
	3 Bioremediation
		3.1 Bioaugmentation
		3.2 Biostimulation
		3.3 Phytoremediation
		3.4 Other Approaches for Triazines Removal
	4 Conclusions and Future Remarks
	References