Pertussis Infection and Vaccines: Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health Volume 12 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1183)

Preface
Contents
How Genomics Is Changing What We Know About the Evolution and Genome of Bordetella pertussis
	1 The Ongoing Problem of Bordetella pertussis
	2 The Speciation of Bordetella pertussis
	3 Vaccination Has Accelerated B. pertussis Gene-Level Evolution
		3.1 Changes to Circulating Alleles
		3.2 The Proliferation of Antigen-Deficient Strains
	4 Recent Sequencing Advances Highlight Genome-Level Variation
		4.1 The Limitations of Short-Read Sequencing
		4.2 Long-Read Sequencing Shows Extensive Inter-strain Genome Rearrangement
	5 How Else Might B. pertussis Generate Diversity Through Genome-Level Variation?
		5.1 Harnessing Deletion as a Driver of Diversity
		5.2 Harnessing Duplication as a Driver of Diversity
	6 What Is the Future for B. pertussis Genomic Research?
	References
Molecular Epidemiology of Bordetella pertussis
	1 Introduction
	2 Genotyping and Serotyping
	3 PFGE and MLVA Used for Genomic Analyses
	4 Whole Genome Sequencing
	5 Vaccine Antigen Deficient B. pertussis Isolates
	6 Genetic Change and Antimicrobial Resistance
	7 Conclusions
	References
Role of Major Toxin Virulence Factors in Pertussis Infection and Disease Pathogenesis
	1 Pertussis Toxin
		1.1 Background
		1.2 Role in Infection and Disease Pathogenesis
			1.2.1 Systemic and Local Effects of PT
			1.2.2 Effects of PT on B. pertussis Colonization and Host Immune Responses
		1.3 PT as a Pertussis Vaccine Component and Therapeutic Target
	2 Adenylate Cyclase Toxin-Hemolysin
		2.1 Background
		2.2 Role in Infection and Disease Pathogenesis
			2.2.1 Host Cell Subversion by CyaA
			2.2.2 Effects of CyaA on B. pertussis Colonization and Host Immune Responses
		2.3 CyaA as a Pertussis Vaccine Component
	3 Tracheal Cytotoxin
		3.1 Background
		3.2 TCT in Pathogenesis
		3.3 TCT in Vaccination
	4 Conclusion
	References
Functional Programming of Innate Immune Cells in Response to Bordetella pertussis Infection and Vaccination
	1 Introduction
	2 Conclusion
	References
Superior B. pertussis Specific CD4+ T-Cell Immunity Imprinted by Natural Infection
	1 Introduction
	2 Elusive Correlates of Protection against Pertussis
	3 Clearance of B. pertussis Requires CD4+ T-Cells with a Distinct Differentiation Profile
	4 Bp Infection in Baboons as a Model to Study Hallmarks of CD4+ T-Cell Lineages Protecting against Colonization, Transmission ...
	5 Evidence for Bp Infection-Induced Th1 and Th17 Lineages and Tissue Residency in Humans
		5.1 Th1 Lineage
		5.2 Th17 Lineage
		5.3 Tissue Residency of CD4+ T-Cells
		5.4 Imprinting of T-Cell Lineage Differentiation
	6 Protective Effector Mechanisms Downstream of Th1 and Th17 Cell Lineages
		6.1 IFNγ- and IL17-Induced Potentiation of M1 Macrophages
		6.2 IL-17- Induced Recruitment and Activation of Neutrophils
		6.3 Local Cross Talk Between Th17 Cells and IgA-Producing B Cells
		6.4 IFNγ-Induced Training of Myeloid Cells and Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells
	7 Conclusions & Future Directions
		Key Issues
	References
Human Immune Responses to Pertussis Vaccines
	1 Pertussis Vaccination
	2 B-cell Immune Responses to Pertussis Vaccination
		2.1 Humoral Immune Response after Primary Immunization
		2.2 Humoral Immune Response after Booster Vaccination
		2.3 B-cell Memory Response to Pertussis Vaccination
	3 T-Cell Immune Responses to Pertussis Vaccination
		3.1 T-Cell Immune Response after Primary Immunization
		3.2 T-Cell Immune Response after Booster Immunization
		3.3 T-cell Memory Response to Pertussis Vaccination
		3.4 T follicular Helper Cells
	4 Different Immune Responses to Different Pertussis Vaccines
	5 Immune Responses to Pertussis Maternal Immunization
	6 Conclusions
	References
New Pertussis Vaccines: A Need and a Challenge
	1 Current Pertussis Vaccines
	2 New Pertussis Vaccines
	3 Live Attenuated Vaccine
	4 Less Reactogenic Whole Cell Vaccine
	5 Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Containing Recombinant Inactivated Pertussis Toxin
	6 New Antigens and Adjuvants for aP Formulations
	7 Outer Membrane Vesicles as Vaccine Candidates Against B. pertussis Infections
	References
Pertussis: Identification, Prevention and Control
	1 Pertussis Identification
	2 Pertussis Prevention
	3 Pertussis Control
	References
Pertussis in Low and Medium Income Countries: A Pragmatic Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Disease
	3 Agents of the Disease
	4 Pertussis Vaccines
		4.1 Whole Cell Pertussis Vaccines
		4.2 Acellular Pertussis Vaccines
		4.3 Correlates of Protection
	5 Vaccine Strategy Recommended by WHO
		5.1 Children Less Than 5 Years of Age
		5.2 Vaccination of Pregnant Women
		5.3 Vaccine Coverage and Timely Vaccination
	6 Surveillance of the Disease
		6.1 Awareness of the Disease
		6.2 Laboratory Diagnosis
		6.3 Type of Surveillance
	7 Incidence of the Disease in 2019
	8 The Pragmatic Approach
		8.1 Establishment of a Hospital-Based Surveillance
		8.2 Access to Specific Diagnosis
		8.3 Reference Laboratory
		8.4 Quality of wPV
		8.5 Vaccine Strategy, Vaccine Coverage and Timely Vaccination
	9 Conclusions
	References
Clinical Findings and Management of Pertussis
	1 Introduction
	2 What Could Influence Clinical Features of Pertussis
	3 Clinical Presentation and Complications
		3.1 Typical Presentation
		3.2 Atypical Presentation in Adolescents and Immunised Patients
	4 Clinical Definition Cases of B. pertussis Infections
	5 Management of B. pertussis Cases and Contacts
		5.1 Postexposure Prophylaxis (PP)
		5.2 Antibiotic Treatment
		5.3 Supportive Therapies and Novel Potential Drugs
	6 Conclusive Remarks
	References
Pertussis Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies. An Ever-Challenging Health Problem
	1 The Vaccines Against Pertussis
	2 A Critical Difference in Immune Responses to Whole Cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines
	3 How to Implement an Effective Vaccination Strategy with Current Vaccines?
	4 A New Pertussis Vaccine
	References
Index