Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood

Foreword
Contents
Midwifery and the Transition to Parenthood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Transition to Parenthood
	3	 Changes in Parents’ Relationships
	4	 Mother-Father-Child Interactions
	5	 Parents’ Antenatal and Postnatal Mental Health
	6	 Midwifery and Parenthood
	7	 The Provision of Learning Opportunities
	8	 Conclusion
	References
Preparation for Parenthood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Preconception Preparation for First-Time Parenthood
	3	 Preparation for First-Time Parenthood During Pregnancy
	4	 Preparation for First-Time Parenthood During the First Postnatal Year
	5	 Improving the Support Available to Couples in Preparation for First-Time Parenthood
	6	 The Role of the Midwife in Preparation for Parenthood
	7	 Conclusion
	References
The Parental-Fetal Tie During Pregnancy
	1	 Introduction
	2	 The Significance of the Parental-Fetal Tie
	3	 Relevance of the Parental-Fetal Tie to Midwives
	4	 The Formation of the Parental-Fetal Tie over Pregnancy
		4.1	 Internalisation
		4.2	 Emotional Engagement
		4.3	 Familiarisation
		4.4	 Yearning
	5	 Influence of Parental Gender on the Parental-Fetal Tie
	6	 Supporting the Development of the PFT in Expectant Parents
	7	 The Need for Further Research
	8	 Conclusion
	References
Well-Being and Early Motherhood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 What Is Well-Being?
	3	 The Perinatal Continuum and Post-partum Maternal Well-Being
	4	 Perinatal Well-Being Framework
	5	 The ‘Magnitude of Motherhood’
	6	 Two Studies on Using the Alexander Technique (AT) in the Post-partum
	7	 The Alexander Technique as One Potential Solution
	8	 Role of Healthcare Professionals (HCPs)
	9	 Conclusion
	References
Midwifery and Perinatal Mental Health
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Understanding Perinatal Mental Health
	3	 Prevalence
	4	 Factors That May Influence a Woman’s Perinatal Mental Well-Being
	5	 Perinatal Mental Health Consequences
	6	 Presentation of Perinatal Mental Health Conditions
	7	 Assessment of Psychological Health
	8	 Referral
	9	 Interventions in Perinatal Mental Health
	10	 Education of Midwives
	11	 Partners’ Perinatal Mental Health
	12	 The Midwives’ Role in Prevention
	13	 Conclusion
	References
Infertility, Repeated Loss, and Surrogacy
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Recurrent Miscarriage
		2.1	 Definition
		2.2	 Prevalence
		2.3	 Risk Factors
		2.4	 Long-Term Effects
		2.5	 Investigations
		2.6	 Treatment
		2.7	 Overall Management
	3	 Infertility
		3.1	 Definition
		3.2	 Causes of Infertility
		3.3	 Female Factor Infertility
		3.4	 Male Factor Infertility
		3.5	 Management of Infertility
	4	 Surrogacy
		4.1	 Definition
		4.2	 Social, Legal, and Ethical Implications
		4.3	 Indications and Risks Associated with Surrogacy
		4.4	 Psychological Implications on the Surrogate Mother, the Infertile Couple, and the Child
	5	 Conclusion
	References
Supporting Early Parenting Following Preterm Birth
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Coping Through Hope
	3	 Making the Unreal Real
	4	 Transitioning to Home
	5	 Rooming-In in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
	6	 Partner-to-Partner and Grandparents’ Support
	7	 Staff-Parent Relationships and Information-Giving
	8	 Concluding Remarks
	References
Untitled
Adolescent Pregnancy and Early Parenting
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Multifactorial Challenges of Adolescent Pregnancy
	3	 Outcomes of Adolescent Parenthood
	4	 Adolescent Pregnancy and the Transition to Parenthood
	5	 Midwives and Health Professionals Supporting Adolescent Parents
	6	 Intervention Programmes to Support Pregnant Adolescents and Early Parenthood
	7	 Conclusion
	References
Drug and Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Early Parenthood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Women Who Use Drugs and Alcohol
	3	 Reproductive Health and Fertility
	4	 Contraceptive Care
	5	 Pregnancy
	6	 Alcohol Use and Pregnancy
		6.1	 Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
	7	 Drug Use in Pregnancy
		7.1	 Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
	8	 Pregnancy Care for Women Who Use Drugs and Alcohol
	9	 Motherhood
	10	 Barriers and Facilitators to Care
	11	 Conclusion
	References
Violence, Abuse and Coercive Control in Pregnancy and Early Parenting
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Forms of IPV
	3	 Prevalence of IPV
	4	 IPV During Pregnancy
	5	 Health Impacts of IPV
	6	 Recognising IPV
	7	 Conclusion
	References
Migrants, Midwives, and the Transition to Parenthood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Migration: A Global Phenomenon
		2.1	 Migrant: Refugee Definitions
		2.2	 Women and Migration
	3	 The Social Determinants of Migrant Women’s Health
		3.1	 Psychological Issues Faced by Migrant Women
	4	 The Perinatal Outcomes of Migrant Women
		4.1	 Why Do Migrant Women Have Worse Perinatal Outcomes?
		4.2	 Satisfactory Perinatal Outcomes in Migrant Women
	5	 Addressing the Problem
		5.1	 Supporting Migrants During the Transition to Parenthood: The Role of the Midwife
		5.2	 Future Directions
	6	 Conclusion
	References
Midwives and the Transition to Fatherhood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Men’s Experiences of the Preconception Period
	3	 Transition to Fatherhood
	4	 Fathers’ Affiliation with the Unborn Child
	5	 Fathers’ Postnatal Experiences
	6	 Midwives’ Role in Supporting Men During Their Transition to Parenthood
	7	 Conclusion
	References
Diversity of Family Formation: LGBTQ+ Parents
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Conception
		2.1	 Legal Recognition as Parents
		2.2	 Perinatal Loss
	3	 Pregnancy
		3.1	 Trans Men’s and Non-binary People’s Pregnancy Experiences
		3.2	 Non-gestational Mothers Lactating
		3.3	 Lack of Inclusion Within Health Service Records
	4	 Birth
		4.1	 Birth Trauma and Fear of Birth
		4.2	 Invalidation for Lesbian Non-gestational Mothers
		4.3	 Birth Preferences
	5	 Postnatal Care
		5.1	 Infant Feeding
		5.2	 Perinatal Mental Health
	6	 Conclusion
	Appendix 1: Glossary
	References
Spirituality and Spiritual Care in the Transition to Motherhood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Competence 1: Intrapersonal Spirituality
	3	 Competence 2: Interpersonal Spirituality
	4	 Competence 3: Assessment and Planning Spiritual Care
		4.1	 Why Do Spiritual Assessment and Planning Matter?
	5	 Competence 4: Intervention and Evaluation Spiritual Care
	6	 Conclusion
	References
Breastfeeding: Women’s Experiences in the Transition to Motherhood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Birth: Opportunities to Optimise Feeding
		2.1	 Skin-to-Skin
			Oxytocin
			Factors Affecting Skin-to-Skin
			Skin-to-Skin in Challenging Circumstances
	3	 Initiating and Sustaining Breastfeeding
		3.1	 Breastfeeding and Context
			Feeding Location
			Model of Care
		3.2	 Supporting Women to Breastfeed
			Healthcare Provider (HCP) Influence
		3.3	 Women’s Feeding Decisions and Choices
			Feeding Rules
			Drivers for Breastfeeding Decisions
			Protecting Breastfeeding
		3.4	 Breastfeeding, Emotions, Morals and Guilt
		3.5	 Bonding and Attachment
		3.6	 Further Reading: Breastfeeding in More Unusual Circumstances
		3.7	 Conclusion
	References
Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Perspectives on Midwifery and Parenthood
	3	 Conclusion
	References