Perioperative Care of the Child: A Nursing Manual

Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 11
Introduction......Page 13
Acknowledgements......Page 15
Abbreviations......Page 16
What is perioperative nursing?......Page 19
A brief history of perioperative nursing......Page 20
An overview of the history of surgery......Page 21
The development of perioperative nursing......Page 23
Key discoveries in perioperative care......Page 24
Early beginnings of surgery for children......Page 25
The growth of paediatric surgery......Page 27
Conclusion: perioperative nursing of children......Page 28
References......Page 29
Children's perceptions of the operating theatre......Page 31
The effect of hospitalisation on children......Page 32
Models of care......Page 34
The presence of parents......Page 37
Emotional, social and spiritual needs of the patient......Page 38
References......Page 39
Preparation of children for theatre......Page 41
Admission prior to surgery......Page 42
Medical history......Page 43
Pre-admission clinic......Page 45
Emergency admission......Page 46
Day of surgery admission......Page 47
Reception in the operating suite......Page 48
Fasting......Page 49
Other things to check on admission to the OR......Page 50
Specific safety issues for children during induction......Page 51
Post anaesthetic/post operative......Page 52
Standing orders......Page 54
References......Page 55
Introduction......Page 57
Preparing and teaching children and parents about pain......Page 59
Agency, education and training of health care professionals......Page 60
Assessing children's pain......Page 61
Core approaches to pain assessment......Page 62
Non-pharmacological interventions......Page 64
Overview of pharmacological intervention......Page 65
Routes of administration......Page 66
Discharge home......Page 73
References......Page 74
Common surgical procedures performed on children......Page 84
References......Page 114
Day procedure centres......Page 119
Admission to the day procedure centre: preparations for surgery......Page 123
Admission to theatre......Page 130
Ward stage recovery: post-operative care......Page 131
References......Page 134
The anaesthetic nurse......Page 137
Children undergoing anaesthesia......Page 138
Anaesthetic equipment......Page 139
Airways......Page 142
Anaesthesia......Page 145
Fasting......Page 148
Loose teeth and nail polish......Page 149
Preparation prior to patient arrival......Page 150
Induction......Page 151
Monitoring......Page 153
Anaesthetic emergencies......Page 154
Suxamethonium apnoea......Page 156
Emergence......Page 157
Regional anaesthesia......Page 158
References......Page 159
In the PPACU......Page 162
The post-operative environment......Page 165
Oxygen delivery......Page 167
A – Airway management and B – Breathing......Page 169
Respiratory complications and nursing interventions......Page 170
C – Circulation......Page 173
Thermoregulation and temperature abnormalities......Page 174
Post-operative nausea and vomiting......Page 178
Pain management in the PPACU......Page 182
Infection control......Page 183
Fluid and electrolyte balance......Page 184
Patient positioning......Page 186
Latex allergy......Page 187
Delayed emergence......Page 188
Discharge of the patient from the PPACU......Page 189
Psychological assessment......Page 190
References......Page 193
History......Page 197
The risks of fetal surgery......Page 198
Fetal conditions amenable to fetal surgery......Page 199
Ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)......Page 201
References......Page 202
History......Page 203
Epidemiology of burns in children......Page 204
A multidisciplinary service approach......Page 205
Clinical assessment of burn severity......Page 206
B – Breathing......Page 207
Classification of burn depth......Page 208
Laser Doppler scanning......Page 209
Electrical burns......Page 210
Management......Page 211
Burn wound care......Page 213
Preparation for theatre......Page 215
Pain management via acute pain service......Page 217
Infection control......Page 218
Toxic shock syndrome......Page 219
Discharge planning......Page 220
References......Page 222
Becoming an organ donor......Page 226
Types of donation......Page 227
Role of the transplant co-ordinator......Page 231
Making the donation request......Page 233
Preoperative care of a potential paediatric donor......Page 234
Perioperative care......Page 240
Recipient management and care......Page 247
Cardiothoracic organs......Page 248
Immediate post-operative care......Page 251
Liver......Page 252
Kidneys......Page 253
Small bowel, liver and multivisceral......Page 255
Reducing the risk of rejection of the new organ......Page 256
Longer-term post-operative care......Page 257
The future......Page 258
References......Page 260
Further reading......Page 261
Introduction......Page 263
The perioperative nurse's role......Page 264
Perioperative care......Page 266
Service perspectives......Page 267
Equipment for MIS and endoscopy......Page 269
References......Page 276
Patients' rights......Page 279
Confidentiality......Page 280
Consent......Page 281
Legal perspectives......Page 282
Conclusion......Page 283
References......Page 284
B......Page 285
E......Page 286
I......Page 287
P......Page 288
S......Page 289
W......Page 290