Perception, Design and Ecology of the Built Environment: A Focus on the Global South (Springer Geography)

Foreword
Acknowledgment
Contents
Chapter 1: Built Environment in Response to the Ecology, Design, and Perception of the Global South
	Global South
	Built Environment
	Environment, Perception, and Design of the Built
	Environment and the Built: Earth as an Inspiration
	Perception and the Built: Eyes of the Mind
	Design and the Built: Man the Place Maker
	Urbanism and Urban Transformations
	Discussions on Built Environment of the Global South: Structure of the Book
	Bibliography
Chapter 2: Urban Transformations of Residential Settlements in Colonial Towns: Case Study of Chandernagore and Serampore
	Introduction
	Exploring the Two Towns
		Chandernagore and Serampore: An Overview of the Past and Present
		Defining the Study Area
		Appraisal of the Current Scenario
			Accessibility Analysis (Figs. 2.6 and 2.7 and Tables 2.1 and 2.2)
			Character Appraisal (Figs. 2.8 and 2.9 and Tables 2.3 and 2.4)
			Legibility Analysis (Tables 2.5 and 2.6)
		Ascertaining the Current Condition
		Chandernagore: The French Sole
		Serampore: The Danish-British Duo
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 3: Transformation of Commercial Centres and Urban Development Process in Global South
	Introduction
	Discussion
		Transformation of Commercial Centres
		Commercial Centres with Respect to Urban D evelopment
		Urban Development in Global South
			Case of Africa
			Case of Asia
		Transformation of Commercial Centres with Changing Urban Development Process in Global South
			Case of Africa
			Case of Asia
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 4: Issues and Challenges for Transit-Oriented Development in the Scenario of a Developing Country: The Case of Kolkata Metropolitan Area, India
	Introduction
	TOD in the Context of Urban India
	The Background of KMA
	Issues and Challenges
		Inadequacy in Public Transit Systems
		Declining Modal Share for PTS
		Dwindling Non-motorised Transport and Poor Infrastructure
		Complete Street Design
		Availability of Land and Land Acquisition
		Parking Policy and Pricing
		Gentrification
		Amendment of Local Laws
		Carrying Capacity-Based TOD Policy
		Inadequate Institutional Capacity
	Concluding Remarks
	References
Chapter 5: Transportation and Built Environment: Bus-Sense for Global South Based on a Case for Bringing Back Life in Bus Transport
	Built Environments and Its Lifelines
	Pune, Maharashtra, India
		Delhi Metro: The Torch Bearer
	A City with More Vehicles Than People
	135 Minutes for 127 Days
		Story of 127 Days of Commuting for Work by Bus in the City of Pune, Maharashtra, India
	The Beginning of the Trip
		The Decision to Use a Bus for Commute
	The Interchange
		Direct Bus Is a Myth in Todays Connected and Sprawled Urban Cities
	The Last Mile
		The Journey Ends But the Day Starts Fresh
	Insights and Observations
	Quality of Commute Time
		The Me Time Which Everyone Craves for in Today’s Fast-Paced World
	Bibliography
Chapter 6: From Grey to Green: Rethinking Setback and MGC Rules as a Sustainable Growth Strategy of Residential Areas – A Case Study of Anannya Residential Area of Chittagong, Bangladesh
	Introduction
	Floor Area Ratio (FAR) and Maximum Ground Coverage (MGC)
	BNBC and Building Construction Rules of CDA
	Selection of Study Area
	Comparison with Other Similar Cities Bylaws Regarding FAR and MGC
	Findings
	Discussions
	Recommendations for Transforming Grey to Green
	Benefits of Green Pockets in Urban Sustainability: Environmental and Social Impacts
	Conclusion
	Appendices
		Appendix 1
		Appendix 2
	Bibliography
Chapter 7: Coastal Climate Readiness and Preparedness: Comparative Review of the State of Florida and Cuba
	Overview
	Defining Climate Readiness and Preparedness
	Climate Change Risks and Vulnerabilities and Responses
		Climate Readiness and Preparedness in Florida
	Cuba and Caribbean Regional Disaster Assessment
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 8: Post-tsunami Reconstruction and Panchayats: Political Economy Barriers to Effective Implementation. Independent Consultant and Urban Environmental Specialist
	Background
	Stakeholders in Disaster Management
	National Disaster Management System
	Traditional Role of Panchayats
	Role of Panchayats in Tsunami
	Key Issues and Mitigation Measures
	Conclusion
	Inferences
	Bibliography
Chapter 9: Design for Resilience: Traditional Knowledge in Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment
	Introduction
	Built Environment and Resilience
	Traditional Knowledge Systems
	Traditional Earthquake-Resistant Construction in the Himalayan Belt
		Dhajji-Diwari and Taq
		Ikra and the Assam-Type Construction
		Shee-Khim Construction of Sikkim
	Concluding Remarks
	Bibliography
Chapter 10: Sustainable Planning Interventions in Tropical Climate for Urban Heat Island Mitigation – Case Study of Kolkata
	Introduction
	Methodology
		Methods to Identify LCZ
		Methods to Estimate SVF
		Methods to Estimate Land Surface Temperature
	Results and Discussion
		Evaluation and Validation of Study
		The Relationship Between SVF and LST
		The Relationship Between LST and LCZ
		The Relationship Between SVF and LCZ
	Conclusion and Recommendations
	References
Chapter 11: Factors Leading to Disposal of Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste and Its Effect on Urban River Contamination: Case of Adi Ganga, Kolkata, India
	General Phrases and Their Description
	Introduction
		Significance of the Study
	Understanding the Urban River
		Sacred Waste
			Defining Sacred Waste
			Sacred Geography
			Activities Related to Sacred Waste
		Factors Behind Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste
			Individual/Internal Factors
			Situational/External Factors
		Urban River Contamination Related to Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste
			Urban River Water Contamination
				Standards of Water Quality
				Indicators Determining Water Quality
			Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste
		Conceptual Framework
	Research Design and Methods
	Research Findings
		Site Description
			Adi Ganga
		Description of Respondents
		Findings and Analysis
			Site A: Balaram Bose Ghat
				Individual Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Situational Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Contamination Pertaining to This Site
			Site B: Kalighat
				Individual Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Situational Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Contamination Pertaining to This Site
			Site C: Prasannamoyeeghat
				Individual Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Situational Factors Pertaining to This Site
				Contamination Pertaining to This Site
		Summing Up the Findings
	Conclusions and Recommendations
		Research Results
			Sub-Question 1: Which Individual Factors Explain the Disposal of Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste in This River?
			Sub-Question 2: Which Situational Factors Explain the Disposal of Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste in This River?
			Sub-Question 3: What Kind of Contamination Happened Related to Toxic and Hazardous Sacred Waste in This River?
		Summary
		Recommendations
		Further Research
	Bibliography
Chapter 12: Spatial Evaluation Supporting Sustainable Tourism Development in Riverine Global South
	Introduction
		Water and Ancient Civilisations
		Rivers of Global South
		River Deltas of South, Southeast and East Asia
		Connections Through Rivers
		Socio-economic Perspective
		Tourism as a Way Out: Riverine/River-Based Tourism in Global South
		Requirement of a Framework to Identify Destinations of Sustainable Tourism
		Spatial Analysis Supporting River-Based Tourism
	Multi-criteria Weighted Matrix
		Overview of the Broad Study Area
		Primary Data Collection and Findings
			Reconnaissance Survey Findings
			Primary Survey Findings
		Secondary Data Collection and Findings
			Physical-Demographic-Infrastructure Mosaic
			Sociocultural Mosaic
			General Observation on Tourism Scenario
		Moderated Delineation of Study Area for Calculation
		Parameters (Pi)
			Accessibility (P5)
			Degree of Attraction (P11)
		Sub-indices (Im)
			Ecological Index (I1)
			Socio-infrastructural Index (I2)
			Demographical Index (I3)
			Tourism Potential Index (I4)
		Simplified Sub-indices
		Combined River-Based Ecotourism Potential Index (I)
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 13: Between Mountain and River: A Vernacular Settlement-Architectural Concept in Indonesian Archipelago
	Introduction
	Settlement-Architectural Concept
	The Living Culture Between Mountain and River Through Time
		“Wanua,” Granary, and Residential Architecture
		Cosmography of Mountain and River
	Two Examples of Confederation Settlements
		Nagari of the Minangkabau in West Sumatra
		“Banua” of the Bali Aga in Bali
	Discussions
	Bibliography
Chapter 14: Reflection on Rhetorics, Appropriate Building Materials, and Domestic Utilities Towards Reduction of Housing Costs in Africa: A Case of Tanzania
	Contextualizing Housing in Tanzania
	Different Housing Definitions and Concepts
	Appropriate Building Materials and Technology in Housing
	Low-Cost Housing Concept
	Sustainable Construction Towards Reduction of Housing Cost
	Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (3Rs) of Construction Resources Towards Reduction of Housing Cost
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15: Design, Form, and Ecological Characteristics of the Traditional Cunda Houses in Anatolia
	Introduction
	History of the Settlement
	Characteristics of the Traditional Fabric
	Monumental Buildings
	Traditional Houses
		Plan Characteristics
		Facade Characteristics
		Construction Characteristics
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 16: Regionalising Contemporary Architecture in a Case of Global South: Masjid Raya Sumatra Barat in West Sumatra
	Positioning Regionalism
	A Brief Look on Theoretical Development
	Learning from the Experts: Some Insights
	Regionalism in Indonesia: A Discourse on Motives
	Understanding Regionalism in the Context of Masjid Raya West Sumatra
	Regionalism in Masjid Raya: A Process of Regionalising
	Bibliography
Chapter 17: Spatial Growth of Religious Architecture: Case of Indian Temples
	Introduction
	Indian Temples: A Brief Overview
		Concept of Indian Temples
		Spatial Arrangements and Evolution of Spaces
		Evolution of Indian Temples Across Space and Time
	Glimpses of Literature
	The Experiment: Methodology and Analysis
		Preparation of Master Database
		Patterns of Growth: Measuring Central Tendency, Dispersion, and Skewness
			Experiments on Central Tendency (Mean)
			Experiments on Standard Deviation and Skewness
			Observations and Inferences
		Measuring Relations Among Axial Dimensions
	Conclusions
	References and Bibliography
		References
		Bibliography
Chapter 18: Co-existence: Migrated Settlement Redefining Cultural Heritage – A Case from Bangladesh
	Introduction
		Elephant Attack in Chandanaish Causes Severe Damage!
	Geography and Nature
	Population and Lifestyle
	Land Ownership and Administration
		DC Notice! 30 Tea Labour Families Under Fright of Eviction!
	Education and Profession
	Co-existence: People and Occupation
	Food and Facility
	Marriage, Religion, Festivals and Myths
	Children of the Area
	Farmer Killed in Elephant Attack!
	Settlement Pattern
		Dwelling Scheme: Group Settlement
		Court Pattern (Unique)
		Materials and Construction Technique
	Case Study
		The Methodology of Dwelling Unit Survey
			House Pattern No. 01: Single Storey Dwelling
			House Pattern No. 02: Double Storey Dwelling
			House Pattern No. 03
				Double Storey Dwelling: Without Rear Service Zone/Guard Wall
			House Pattern No. 04
				Triple Layer House: House Inside the Muslim Community
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 19: Altered Perception of Culture: Based on Features of Pedestrian Experience and Aesthetic Regeneration of Built Environment
	Introduction
	Review of Altered Perception of Culture and Built Environment
		Built Environment
		Perception of Culture
	The Study Approach
	The Study Areas
	Part 1
		Location and Historical Significance of Jorasanko and Santiniketan
			Location and History
	Part 2
		Present Situation of Jorasanko
			Condition of Physical Tangible Infrastructure
				Result and Discussion
				Experience of Space
				Pedestrian Infrastructure Conditions at Jorasanko
				Analyzing the Elements of Aesthetic Regeneration
					Result and Discussion
		Present Situation of Santiniketan
			Uttarayan Complex at Santiniketan
				Pedestrian Experience of Space in the Uttarayan Complex
			Accessibility and Path of Navigation
				Axis and Vista
				Existing and Emerging Views (Purview of “Here and There”)
				Alternative Access
				The Spaces
				Outer Courtyards
				Gardens
			Effects of Spatial Forms on the Visitors
			People’s Opinion on the Elements of Space Design
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 20: Gerontology and Urban Public Spaces of Global South: Case of China
	Strategies for Inclusive Design for Elderly
		Familiarity
		Legibility
		Distinctiveness
		Accessibility
		Comfort
		Safety
		Digital Technology in Elderly Inclusive Urban Spaces
	Symbiotic Relationship of the Elderly and Society
		Active Aging and Social Relevance: Elderly to Society
			Elderly Inclusion in Global South
		Urban Design Interventions: Society to Elderly
		Urban Public Space for Elderly
	Maintaining Homeostasis of Inclusive Elderly-Friendly Urban Fabric
	China, India, and Global South
		China: Not a Best Example, but Has a Head Start
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 21: Living in Alleys: A Story of Kampung Kota
	City Growth
		Dynamic Organism
		Kampung Kota
	Alley in Kampung Kota
		The Act of Making a Place
		Mimesis
		Language of Alley
	Living in Alley
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 22: Connecting the Past and the Present for a Better Future of Historic City of Developing Country: Case of Heritage Walks of Hyderabad
	A City and Its Being
	Heritage Interpretation: For the Next Generation
		Heritage Walk
		Academic Value
		Nature Walk
		Academic Value
		Craft Walk
		Museum Walk
			Centenary Museum
		Other Cultural Facets of Hyderabad
			Conservation Efforts
			Hyderabad a Futuristic City
	Bibliography
Chapter 23: Understanding ‘Rural’ and Village Society
	Understanding Rural in the Context of Space
	Understanding Rural in the Context of ‘Social’
	Understanding Rural in the Context of Development
	Understanding Rural as a Way of Life
	Methodology of Understanding a Village/Rural Society
	A Case of Methodology for Understanding Nepali Village from Its Built Form
	Conclusion
	Bibliography
Chapter 24: Lively Urban Spaces
	Manuscript
	Bibliography
Chapter 25: The Smart City in Relation to Its Environment, Perception, and Urban Planning Process: Lessons for Developing Countries
	Introduction
	Spain and Qatar Embracing Smart Urban Transformations
	ICT Implementation on Two Large Territories - Two smart Cities
	Novel Design Concepts in the City, District, and Building Scale Because of ICT
		Barcelona and City, District, Building Scale Observations
	The Physical Presence of the Smart City: Confirmed
	Conclusions and a Glance to the Developing World
	References
Chapter 26: The Road Ahead
	Bibliography
Correction to: From Grey to Green: Rethinking Setback and MGC Rules as a Sustainable Growth Strategy of Residential Areas – A Case Study of Anannya Residential Area of Chittagong, Bangladesh
Index