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ویرایش: 15 نویسندگان: Brian M. Fagan, Nadia Durrani سری: ISBN (شابک) : 9781315193298, 9781351757638 ناشر: Routledge سال نشر: 2018 تعداد صفحات: 521 زبان: English فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود) حجم فایل: 259 مگابایت
کلمات کلیدی مربوط به کتاب مردم زمین: مقدمه ای بر پیش از تاریخ جهانی: تمدن، باستان، مردمان ماقبل تاریخ
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب People of the Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب مردم زمین: مقدمه ای بر پیش از تاریخ جهانی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
مردم زمین روایتی روایی از پیش از تاریخ بشریت از مبدأ ما در بیش از 3 میلیون سال پیش تا اولین تمدن های پیش از صنعتی شدن است که از حدود 5000 سال پیش آغاز می شود. این یک ماقبل تاریخ جهانی است که دوران ماقبل تاریخ را در هر گوشه از جهان، به سبکی عاری از اصطلاحات برای تازه واردان به باستان شناسی، پوشش می دهد. بسیاری از تاریخ های جهان با اولین تمدن ها آغاز می شود. این کتاب از ابتدای تاریخ بشر شروع می شود و آخرین تحقیقات در مورد موضوعات مهمی مانند منشاء بشری، پیدایش و گسترش انسان مدرن، اولین کشاورزی و خاستگاه تمدن را خلاصه می کند. مردم زمین از نظر تعادل یکنواخت از گذشته بشری، سبک قابل دسترس و روایت روان خود که خواننده را در جریان طولانی گذشته ما قرار می دهد، منحصر به فرد است. این کتاب بسیار مصور است و دارای جعبهها و ستونهای فرعی است که روشهای کلیدی قدمت و مکانهای باستانشناسی مهم را توصیف میکنند. این کتاب کلاسیک پیش از تاریخ جهان، استانداردهایی را برای کتابهای مرتبط با این موضوع تعیین میکند و پرکاربردترین کتاب درسی ماقبل تاریخ در جهان است. هدف آن دانشآموزان مقدماتی باستانشناسی و مردمشناسی است که در دورههای نظرسنجی در مورد گذشته ماقبل تاریخ و همچنین خوانندگان پیشرفتهتر شرکت میکنند. همچنین برای دانشجویان واکنشهای انسانی به تغییرات آب و هوایی و محیطی جذاب خواهد بود.
People of the Earth is a narrative account of the prehistory of humankind from our origins over 3 million years ago to the first pre-industrial civilizations, beginning about 5,000 years ago. This is a global prehistory, which covers prehistoric times in every corner of the world, in a jargon-free style for newcomers to archaeology. Many world histories begin with the first civilizations. This book starts at the beginning of human history and summarizes the latest research into such major topics as human origins, the emergence and spread of modern humans, the first farming, and the origins of civilization. People of the Earth is unique in its even balance of the human past, its readily accessible style, and its flowing narrative that carries the reader through the long sweep of our past. The book is highly illustrated, and features boxes and sidebars describing key dating methods and important archaeological sites. This classic world prehistory sets the standard for books on the subject and is the most widely used prehistory textbook in the world. It is aimed at introductory students in archaeology and anthropology taking survey courses on the prehistoric past, as well as more advanced readers. It will also appeal to students of human responses to climatic and environmental change.
People of the Earth- Front Cover People of the Earth Title Page Copyright Page Brief Contents Contents About the Authors Preface New to This Edition Support for Instructors and Students A Note on the World Wide Web Acknowledgments Authors’ Note Conventions for Dates and Measurements Calibration of Radiocarbon Dates Chapter 1: Introducing World Prehistory Archaeology and Prehistory The Beginnings of World Prehistory Who Needs the Past? Studying Culture and Culture Change Primary Cultural Processes Theoretical Approaches: Culture as Adaptation Theoretical Approaches: Evolutionary Ecology and Hunter-Gatherers Theoretical Approaches: People as Agents of Change PART I: BEGINNINGS: 7 Million to 30,000 Years Ago Chapter 2: Human Origins: 7 Million to 1.9 Million Years Ago The Great Ice Age The Origins of the Human Line Tracing Origins Molecular Biology and Human Evolution The Ecological Problems Faced by Early Hominins Fossil Evidence: 7 to 4 Ma The First Australopithecines: c. 4.2 to 3 Ma Fossil Evidence: 3.3 to 2 Ma Early Homo: 2.5 to c. 2.0 Ma Who Was the First Human? Archaeological Evidence for Early Human Behavior Plant Foraging and “Grandmothering” Toolmaking The Mind of the Earliest Humans The Development of Language and Speech Social Organization Chapter 3: Archaic Humans: 1.9 Million to 30,000 Years Ago Pleistocene Background Homo ergaster in Africa The Radiation of Homo ergaster/erectus Out of Africa: Homo erectus in Asia Moving to the North: The Settlement of Temperate Latitudes Archaic Human Technology Evidence for Behavior: Boxgrove,Schöningen, and Torralba Language and Speech The Neanderthals A More Complex Technology The Origins of Burial and Religious Belief Neanderthal Speech and Language? The Denisovans PART II: THE GREAT DIASPORA: THE ORIGINS AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMANS: c. 350,000 Years Ago to Modern Times Chapter 4: Origins and the Diaspora Begins: c. 350,000 Years Ago and Later Origins Out of Africa When Did Modern Cognitive Skills Appear? First H. sapiens Settlement in East and Southeast Asia New Guinea and Adjacent Islands Australia African Hunter-Gatherers Chapter 5: Europe and Eurasia: c. 50,000 to 10,000 Years Ago Initial Brief Dispersal Sustained Dispersal The Upper Pleistocene (c. 126,000 to 10,000 Years Ago) Aurignacians and Their Successors (39,000 to 10,000 Years Ago) Settling Eurasia (39,000 to 15,000 Years Ago) Siberia (?33,000 to 13,000 Years Ago) Bifaces, Microblades, and the First Americans Chapter 6: The First Americans: Around 15,000 Years Ago to Modern Times The First Settlement of the Americas Settlement Routes The Earliest Settlement South of the Ice Sheets A Scenario for First Settlement The Paleo-Indians: Clovis and Others Later Hunters and Gatherers Plains Hunters The Desert West Eastern North America Specialized Foraging Societies in Central and South America Aleuts and Inuit (Eskimo) Chapter 7: After the Ice: Before 10,000 b.c. to Modern Times The Holocene (After 10,000 b.c.) Coping with Environmental Variation Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in Europe Mesolithic Complexity in Scandinavia Hunter-Gatherer Complexity Hunter-Gatherer Societies in Southwest Asia PART III: FIRST FARMERS: c. 10,000 b.c. to Modern Times Chapter 8: Agriculture and Animal Domestication Theories About the Origins of Food Production Differing Dates for Food Production Studying Early Food Production Why Did Food Production Take Hold So Late? Consequences of Food Production Nutrition and Early Food Production Herding: Domestication of Animals Plant Cultivation Technology and Domestication Chapter 9: The Origins of Food Production in Southwest Asia Climate Change and Adaptation The First Farmers The Zagros and Mesopotamia Early Farmers in Anatolia Two Stages of Farming Development Chapter 10: The First European Farmers Mesolithic Prelude The Transition to Farming in Europe Farming in Greece and Southern Europe The Spread of Agriculture into Temperate Europe Frontiers and Transitions Social Changes, Lineages, and the Individual The Introduction of the Plow Plains Farmers: Tripolye Mediterranean and Western Europe The Megaliths Chapter 11: First Farmers in Egypt and Tropical Africa Hunter-Gatherers on the Nile Agricultural Origins Along the Nile Saharan Pastoralists Early Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa Chapter 12: Asia and the Pacific: Rice, Roots, and Ocean Voyages The Origins of Rice Cultivation Early Farming in China Jomon and Early Agriculture in Japan Early Agriculture in Southeast Asia Rice and Root Cultivation in Island Southeast Asia Agriculture in the Pacific Islands The Lapita Cultural Complex and the Settlement of Melanesia and Western Polynesia Long-Distance Voyaging in the Pacific Indigenous Pacific Navigation The Settlement of Micronesia and Eastern Polynesia The Settlement of New Zealand Chapter 13: The Story of Maize: Early Farmers in the Americas The First Plant Domestication Early Food Production in the Andes Early Farmers in Southwestern North America Preagricultural and Agricultural Societies in Eastern North America Moundbuilder Cultures Human Settlement in the Caribbean PART IV: OLD WORLD CIVILIZATIONS: c. 3000 b.c. to Modern Times Chapter 14: The Development of Civilization Civilization Cities Six Classic Theories of the Emergence of States Social Theories Imploding Civilizations Chapter 15: Early Civilizations in Southwest Asia Upland Villages Settlement of the Lowlands Uruk: The Mesopotamian City Sumerian Civilization Exchange on the Iranian Plateau The Widening of Political Authority The Akkadians Babylon The Assyrians Chapter 16: Egypt, Nubia, and Tropical Africa The Origins of the Egyptian State Archaic Egypt and the Creation of the Great Culture (2920 to 2575 b.c.) The Old Kingdom and the Pyramids(c. 2575 to 2180 b.c.) The Egyptian State The First Intermediate Period and the Middle Kingdom (2180 to 1640 b.c.) The Second Intermediate Period (1640 to 1530 b.c.) The New Kingdom (1530 to 1070 b.c.) The Late Period (1070 to 332 b.c.) Egypt and Africa Nubia: The Land of Kush Meroe and Aksum North Africa Jenne-jeno and the Rise of West African States Farmers and Traders in Eastern and Southern Africa Europe and Africa Chapter 17: Early States in South and Southeast Asia The Roots of South Asian Civilization Highlands and Lowlands: The Kulli Complex A Rapid Transition Mature Indus Civilization Indus Civilization Beliefs South Asia after the Indus Civilization Southeast Asian States The Angkor State (a.d. 802 to 1430) Chapter 18: Early Chinese Civilization The Origins of Chinese Civilization Erlitou: Xia and Shang The Warlords Chapter 19: Hittites, Minoans, and Mycenaeans Early Towns in Anatolia Balance of Power: The Hittites The Sea Peoples and the Rise of Israel The Phoenicians The Aegean and Greece The Minoans The Mycenaeans Greek City-States After Mycenae The Etruscans and the Romans Chapter 20: Europe Before the Romans Early Copper Working Battle Axes and Beakers The European Bronze Age Bronze Age Warriors The Scythians and Other Steppe Peoples The First Ironworking The Hallstatt Culture La Tène Culture PART V: NATIVE AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS: Before 2000 b.c. to a.d. 1534 Chapter 21: Mesoamerican Civilizations Village Farming Preclassic Peoples in Mesoamerica The Rise of Complex Society in Oaxaca Monte Albán Teotihuacán Maya Civilization The Ninth-Century Collapse The Toltecs Aztec Civilization and the Spanish Conquest Chapter 22: Andean Civilizations The Maritime Foundations of Andean Civilization Coastal Foundations: The Initial Period Caral Chavín de Huántar Paracas: Textiles and Coastal Prehistory Complex Society in the Southern Highlands: Chiripa and Pukara The Early Intermediate Period The Moche State The Middle Horizon: Tiwanaku and Wari The Late Intermediate Period: Sicán and Chimor The Late Horizon: The Inca State Amazonia The Spanish Conquest (1532 to 1534) Glossary of Technical Terms Bibliography of World Prehistory Credits Index