Pediatric Ultrasound:

Front Cover\n	Pediatric Ultrasound\n	Copyright Page\n	Contents\n	Contributors\n	Preface\n	DVD_Licence Agreement\n	Chapter 1: General issues of methods and equipment\n	The Appointment and Appointment Letter\n	The Waiting Area\n	The Examination\n	Choosing Equipment\n	Use of Doppler In Pediatrics\n	Avoidance of Occupational Injury\n	Image Recording and Storage\n	Analogue images\n	Digital images\n	New Applications of Ultrasound Relevant To Pediatrics\n	Safety of Ultrasound\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 2: Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital anomalies\n	Routine Ultrasound Screening for Fetal Malformation\n	The routine fetal anomaly scan\n	Abnormalities in Different Systems\n	Cranial and spinal abnormalities\n	Cardiac abnormalities\n	Pulmonary abnormalities\n	Gastrointestinal abnormalities\n	Urinary tract abnormalities\n	Skeletal abnormalities\n	Hydrops\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 3: The renal tract\n	Embryology\n	Mesonephroi\n	Metanephroi\n	Renal anomalies\n	Anomalies of the upper urinary tract\n	Anomalies of the lower urinary tract\n	Ultrasound preparation and technique\n	Preparation\n	Normal ultrasound appearances\n	Prenatally diagnosed urological abnormalities\n	Prenatal detection of renal pelvic dilation and normal postnatal scan\n	Unilateral pelvic dilation\n	Bilateral renal pelvic dilation\n	Megaureter\n	Multicystic kidney (MCK)\n	Ultrasound and postnatal imaging\n	Posterior urethral valves\n	The duplex kidney\n	General guidelines for referral to Nephrourology\n	Urinary tract infection\n	Imaging urinary tract infection (UTI)\n	Imaging protocol for urinary tract infection\n	Focal nephronia and renal abscess\n	Unusual infections\n	Cystic Kidneys\n	Genetic disease\n	Non-genetic disease\n	The `Bright´ kidney\n	The neonate\n	The older child\n	Renal calculi and nephrocalcinosis\n	Renal calculi\n	Nephrocalcinosis\n	Hypertension in children\n	Imaging\n	Renal Trauma\n	Renal Transplantation in Children\n	Tumors of the kidney\n	Wilms tumor\n	Other renal tumors of childhood\n	Rhabdomyosarcoma\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 4: The adrenal glands\n	Normal Appearances and Ultrasound Technique\n	Abnormalities of The Adrenal Glands\n	Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)\n	Adrenal hemorrhage\n	Adrenal abscess\n	Adrenal cystic lesions\n	Tumors of The Adrenal Glands\n	Neuroblastoma\n	Ganglioneuroblastoma/neuroma\n	Other childhood adrenal tumors\n	References\n	Chapter 5: The liver, spleen and pancreas\n	Liver\n	The Normal Pediatric Hepatobiliary System\n	Ultrasound technique\n	Normal appearances of the liver\n	Normal appearances of the gallbladder and biliary tree\n	Abnormalities of The Neonatal Liver\n	Hepatomegaly\n	Hemangioma and hemangioendothelioma\n	Liver tumors in the neonate\n	Abnormalities of The Neonatal Biliary System\n	Neonatal jaundice\n	Cystic Dilation of The Biliary System\n	Congenital hepatic fibrosis\n	Caroli disease\n	Choledochal cysts\n	Diffuse Abnormalities of The Pediatric Liver\n	The bright liver\n	Cirrhosis\n	Portal hypertension\n	Hepatitis\n	Veno-occlusive disease\n	Cystic fibrosis\n	Focal Lesions of The Pediatric Liver\n	Benign focal liver lesions\n	Liver tumors\n	Abnormalities of The Gallbladder And Bile Ducts In Childhood\n	Liver Transplantation\n		Summary\n	Spleen\n	The Normal Spleen\n	Congenital Variants\n	Splenomegaly\n	The Small Spleen\n	Focal Splenic Lesions\n	Splenic Trauma\n	Summary\n	Pancreas\n	Congenital Anomalies\n	Normal Anatomy\n	Ultrasound technique\n	The Abnormal Pancreas\n	Cystic fibrosis\n	Other diffuse pancreatic conditions\n	Focal lesions\n	Summary\n		References\n	Chapter 6: The abdomen and bowel\n	Abnormalities Related To Embryological Development\n	Body wall defects\n	Ultrasound Technique\n	Abnormalities of The Gastrointestinal Tract\n	Gastroesophageal reflux\n	Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis\n	Stomach conditions\n	Malrotation\n	Enteric duplications\n	Intussusception\n	Appendicitis\n	Bowel wall thickening/infiltrative disorders\n	Anorectal anomalies\n	Cystic abdominal masses\n	Mesentery, Omentum and Peritoneum\n	References\n	Chapter 7: The female reproductive system\n	Embryology\n	Normal Appearances and Ultrasound Technique\n	The ovaries\n	The uterus\n	Congenital Abnormalities\n	The Female Neonate\n	Neonatal pelvic masses\n	Ambiguous genitalia\n	Ovarian cysts\n	Disorders of Puberty\n	Precocious puberty\n	Isolated premature thelarche\n	Isolated premature adrenarche\n	Pubertal delay\n	Menstrual dysfunction in adolescence\n	Ovarian Neoplasms\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 8: The scrotum and testes\n	Embryology\n	Abnormalities of position of the testis\n	Normal Anatomy\n	Ultrasound Technique\n	Congenital Anomalies\n	Cryptorchidism\n	Hernias and hydroceles\n	Varicocele\n	Acutely Painful Scrotum\n	Testicular torsion\n	Epididymo-orchitis and epididymitis\n	Torsion of the appendix testis\n	Microlithiasis\n	Testicular Tumors\n	Primary testicular tumors\n	Secondary neoplasms\n	Benign testicular masses\n	Extratesticular Masses\n	Cystic extratesticular masses\n	Solid extratesticular masses\n	Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma\n	Scrotal Trauma\n	References\n	Chapter 9: The head, neck and spine\n	The Head\n	Ultrasound technique\n	Timing of the examination\n	Measurements\n	Normal anatomy\n	Intracranial hemorrhage\n	Types of intracranial hemorrhage\n	Classification\n	Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)\n	Hemorrhage in Term neonates\n	Common Congenital Cystic abnormalities\n	Other Congenital Abnormalities\n	Trauma\n	Non-accidental injury\n	Subdural hemorrhages\n	Accidental injury\n	Hydrocephalus\n	Vascular Abnormalities\n	The Neck\n	The thyroid gland\n	Normal anatomy of the thyroid\n	Thyroid embryology and congenital anomalies\n	Ultrasound technique for examination of the neck\n	Diffuse thyroid enlargement\n	Thyroid malignancy\n	Parathyroid glands\n	Neck masses\n	Thyroglossal duct cysts\n	Branchial cleft anomaly\n	Cystic hygroma\n	Congenital torticollis (fibromatosis colli)\n	Cervical lymphadenopathy\n	The thymus\n	Salivary glands\n	Parotid—normal appearances and ultrasound technique\n	Parotid enlargement\n	Tumors of the Head and Neck\n	The Spine\n	Ultrasound technique and normal anatomy\n	Indications for spinal ultrasound\n	Classification of common types of occult spinal dysraphism\n	Occult dysraphism\n	Sacral pit\n	Dorsal dermal sinus\n	Diastematomyelia\n	Spinal lipomas\n	Tight filum terminale\n	Meningocele and myelomeningocele\n	Caudal regression syndrome\n	Traumatic spinal cord lesions in newborns\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 10: The child\'s eye\n	Anatomy\n	Ultrasound Technique\n	Common Clinical Scenarios\n	Opaque media\n	Eyelids not opening\n	Proptosis\n	Intraocular masses\n	Trauma\n	Miscellaneous\n	Summary\n	Further reading\n	Chapter 11: The musculoskeletal system\n	Technique of scanning muscles and soft tissues\n	Developmental dysplasia of the hip\n	Technique of hip scanning\n	The Graf technique\n	Dynamic sonography\n	Terjesen femoral head coverage\n	General principles\n	Follow-up\n	Osteomyelitis\n	Transient synovitis (irritable hip)\n	Ultrasound technique\n	Aspiration technique\n	Other causes of a painful hip\n	Ultrasound examination\n	Limb-lengthening procedures\n	Abnormalities of the tendons\n	Soft tissue masses\n	References\n	Chapter 12: The chest\n	Technique of ultrasound examination\n	Juxtadiaphragmatic lesions\n	Masses arising in the chest\n	Diaphragmatic hernias\n	Diaphragmatic movement\n	Masses arising from the diaphragm\n	The mediastinum\n	The thymus\n	Lymphadenopathy\n	The opaque hemithorax\n	Lung abnormalities\n	Pleural fluid\n	Congenital cysts\n	Summary\n	References\n	Chapter 13: Pediatric interventional ultrasound\n	Anesthesia\n	Venous access\n	Technique\n	Venous access sites\n	Complications\n	Biopsy\n	Renal biopsy\n	Liver biopsy\n	Biopsy of other organs\n	Aspiration and drainage of fluid collections\n	Sclerotherapy of vascular malformations\n	Urological intervention\n	Other ultrasound-guided intervention\n	References\n	Glossary\n	Index