Pediatric Secrets, Fifth Edition

Cover......Page 1
Front matter......Page 2
ISBN    9780323065610......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contributors......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Top 100 Secrets......Page 13
4.What Diagnoses Require Mandatory Disclosure Regardless of Confidentiality?......Page 20
9.How is the Diagnosis of Anorexia Made?......Page 21
13.What are Some Indications That a Pediatric Patient With Anorexia Nervosa Should Be Admitted to a Hospital?.........Page 22
17.List the Medical Complications of Bulimia Nervosa.......Page 23
20.Name the Three Features That Constitute the ``female Athletic Triad.´´......Page 24
24.What is the Value of a Progesterone Challenge Test in a Patient With Amenorrhea?......Page 25
31.Describe the Evaluation for a Patient With Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (Dub).......Page 26
34.How Should a Very Anemic Teenager With Dub and Positive Orthostatic Signs Be Managed?......Page 27
38.What Two Classes of Medications are Most Commonly Used for Dysmenorrhea?......Page 28
43.What is the Body Mass Index (Bmi)?......Page 29
49.What Features Constitute the Metabolic Syndrome?......Page 30
51.Do Obese Children and Adolescents Become Obese Adults?......Page 31
54.What is Tanner Staging for Boys?......Page 32
57.What is the Normal Progression of Sexual Development and Growth for Girls During Puberty?......Page 33
63.What Features Suggest Constitutional Delay of Puberty?......Page 34
66.Can Puberty Be Safely Accelerated?......Page 35
70.What is the Best Way to Screen for Stis?......Page 36
75.Which Sti is Most Closely Linked to Cervical Cancer?......Page 37
80.What is the Natural History of Genital Warts?......Page 38
85.What is the Typical Appearance of N. Gonorrhoeae on Gram Stain?......Page 39
89.What are the Sequelae of Pid?......Page 40
93.What are Risk Factors for the Acquisition of Genital Ulcer Disease?......Page 41
99.What are ``clue Cells´´?......Page 43
102.What are the Criteria for the Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis?......Page 44
106.What is the Crafft Screen?......Page 45
110.How Long Do Illicit Drugs Remain Detectable in Urine Specimens?......Page 46
114.What are the Toxicities of Chronic Marijuana Use?......Page 47
118.When Does Cigarette Smoking Begin?......Page 48
124.Why Does Gynecomastia Occur so Commonly?......Page 49
130.How is Testicular Torsion Clinically Differentiated From Other Causes of the Acute Painful Scrotum?......Page 50
135.Which Varicoceles Warrant Surgical Intervention?......Page 51
141.What are the Risks for Infants of Teenage Mothers?......Page 52
146.What Oral Treatment is Most Commonly Used for Emergency Postcoital Contraception (e.g., in a Rape Case)?.........Page 53
150.Which Adolescents who have Attempted Suicide Should Be......Page 54
What Conditions Can Mimic Adhd?......Page 55
How are the Lesions of Smallpox Distinguished From Varicella (chickenpox)?......Page 166
Which Antibiotic is Associated With the ``red Man Syndrome´´?......Page 56
In what Situations May Treatment With Vancomycin Be Considered Appropriate?......Page 57
How Does the Complement System of the Neonate Compare With That Of an adult?......Page 58
When Should Screening Be Done for Autism?......Page 59
Summarize the Distinguishing Features of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome, Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome, and Strept.........Page 60
How Much Do Babies Normally Cry Each Day?......Page 61
What is the Typical Potassium Status in Children With DKA?......Page 215
Are there Any Indications for the Use of Bicarbonate?......Page 216
How are the Doses of Replacement Factor Calculated for a Hemophiliac Patient With Or Without Life-threatening Hemorrhage?......Page 62
Does the Treatment of Streptococcal Skin Or Pharyngeal Infections Prevent Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis?.........Page 250
Which Organisms are Particularly Dangerous to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Workers?......Page 63
40. After a ``traumatic´´ Delivery, what are the Commonly Injured Systems?......Page 445
What are the Characteristic Clinical Features of the Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies?
......Page 356
How Many Fontanels are Present At Birth?......Page 64
What is the Underlying Disorder in an 8-year-old Girl With Atypical Eczema, Pneumatoceles, and Bouts of Severe Furunculosis?......Page 252
If a Mother is Culture Positive for U. Urealyticum Or M. Hominis, what is the Likelihood of Transmission to the Newborn Infant.........Page 65
How is Positional Plagiocephaly Differentiated From Plagiocephaly Caused By Craniosynostosis?......Page 66
What are the Three Main General Causes of Macrocephaly?......Page 67
What are the Pitfalls of Rapid Plasma Reagin and Vdrl Testing?......Page 68
How Long Should Fluoride Supplementation Be Continued?......Page 69
What are the Typical Clinical Findings in Patients With Bronchiectasis?
......Page 677
Which Potential Life-threatening Disorder of the Complement System Is associated With Nonpruritic Swelling and Occasional Recu.........Page 70
What are the Most Common Causes of Gross Motor Delay?......Page 71
When Should High-dose Corticosteroid Therapy Be Considered for Sle Management?
......Page 184
Do Premature Infants Develop At the Same Rate as Term Infants?......Page 72
What Constitutes an Abnormal Sweat Test?
......Page 681
What are the Best Measures of Cognitive Development?......Page 73
What is Heiner Syndrome?......Page 146
What are Average Times for the Development of Expressive, Receptive, and Visual Language Milestones?......Page 74
What are Signs of Significantly Delayed Receptive and Expressive Speech Delay Warranting Evaluation?......Page 75
A Toddler With a Bifid Uvula and Hypernasal Speech Most Likely has what Condition?......Page 76
In Addition to the Skin, what Other Organ Systems are Typically Involved in Hsp?
......Page 713
How Commonly is a Cause Identified in Infantile Spasms?
......Page 560
Is there an Oral Treatment Available to Treat Scabies?......Page 77
Of what Value is the T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU) Test?......Page 235
Worldwide, what is the Most Common Preventable Cause of Mr?......Page 78
What are the Hallmarks of Septic Shock?......Page 79
What are Treatments for Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents?......Page 80
What is the Natural History of Acute Childhood ITP?......Page 81
Patients With Retinoblastoma are At Increased Risk for Other Tumors. How significant a Risk is This?
......Page 82
If a Murmur is Detected, what Other Factors Suggest That the Murmur is Pathologic?......Page 122
123. How Frequently are the Various Metabolic Disorders Detected By Newborn Screening?......Page 194
Who are "latchkey" Children?......Page 83
What is Thimerosal?
......Page 396
What Do Koplik Spots Look Like?
......Page 84
What are the Various Genotypes That Can Occur in Sickle Cell Disease?......Page 155
Why is the Supine Sleeping Position Recommended for Infants?......Page 85
If a Ninth-grade Soccer Player With Knee Swelling ``felt a Pop´´ While Scoring a Goal, what are Three Possible Diagn...
......Page 86
At what Age Does an Infant's Eye Color Assume Its Permanent Color?......Page 87
What is the Most Common Metabolic Cause of Pediatric Urinary Calculi?......Page 531
How Does Refractive Capacity Vary With Age?......Page 88
What Separates Pseudostrabismus From True Strabismus?......Page 89
What is the Red Reflex Test?......Page 90
Is Heterochromia Normal?......Page 91
Acknowledgment......Page 92
What Connective Tissue Diseases May Be Associated With Mvp?......Page 93
What are the Common Types of Vascular Rings and Slings?......Page 94
What are the Most Severe Forms of Acne?......Page 95
What are the Differences Among First-, Second-, Third-, and Fourth-generation Cephalosporins?......Page 96
Which Foods are High in Potassium?......Page 495
What is the Most Common Cause of Syncope in Children?......Page 97
How are Fractures Dated Radiographically in Children?......Page 170
What are the Advantages of Breast Milk for the Immune Systems of Infants?......Page 130
Do Antibiotics Prevent the Development of Pneumonia After a Uri?......Page 318
Why is It Sometimes Difficult to Distinguish Systemic Jia From Leukemia?
......Page 99
When are Burn Injuries Suspicious for Child Abuse?......Page 171
What Disorder Can Present as "freckles" Associated With Hives?......Page 101
Which Genetic Syndromes are Most Commonly Associated With CHD?......Page 102
What Foot Abnormality Results in the Appearance of a "Persian Slipper" foot?
......Page 632
What is Leopard Syndrome?......Page 103
How is Lyme Disease Confirmed in the Laboratory?
......Page 104
Which Bacterial Gastroenteritides May Benefit From Antimicrobial Therapy?......Page 251
What are the Sequelae of Growth-plate Fractures?
......Page 105
Which Korotkoff Sound Best Represents Diastolic Blood Pressure?......Page 504
What are the Typical Ages for the Presentation of CHF With CHD?......Page 106
Of the Seven Rbc Parameters Given By a Coulter Counter, Which are Measured and Which are Calculated?......Page 107
What is Acceptable Proof of Antecedent Streptococcal Pharyngitis when Diagnosing Acute Rheumatic Fever?
......Page 705
What Causes a Prolonged QT Interval?......Page 108
When is Open Reduction of a Fracture Indicated?
......Page 638
Is Prenatal Ultrasound Associated With a Risk for Leukemia Later in Childhood?
......Page 607
When Should Amiodarone Not Be Used as the First-line Therapy in Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia?......Page 109
Name the Two Most Common Mechanisms of SVT......Page 110
What Three Individual Clinical Features are the Most Accurate for Predicting 5% Dehydration?......Page 257
How is Tinea Versicolor Treated?......Page 111
Should All Infants Be Routinely Screened By Ultrasound for Ddh?
......Page 640
How Many Blood Cultures Should Be Obtained in Patients Suspected of Bacterial Endocarditis?......Page 112
How Can Transient Synovitis Be Differentiated From Septic Arthritis?
......Page 642
How Do Osler Nodes and Janeway Lesions Differ?......Page 113
How Common is Anemia in Teenage Athletes?......Page 114
What is the Most Common Chronic Manifestation of Milk Protein Allergy?......Page 145
What is the Prognosis for the Various Stages of Hodgkin Disease?
......Page 612
Which Features of Cf have Prognostic Significance?
......Page 682
What Laboratory Tests are Often Abnormal in the First 7 to 10 Days of the Illness?......Page 115
What Kinds of Skin Lesions are Noted in Patients With Hsp?
......Page 335
What Should Be the Clinical Suspicion for a Visiting 11-month-old Pakistani Girl with Fever for 5 Days and Marked Erythema And Induration Around Her Bacille Calmette-Gue´rin (BCG) Scar?......Page 116
How is a Newborn Infant Whose Mother is Infected With Hiv Confirmed to Also Be Infected?......Page 388
What Factors are Most Strongly Associated With the Development of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Kawasaki Disease?......Page 117
What is the Most Common Clinical Presentation of Symptoms of Hashimoto Thyroiditis?......Page 118
How Effective are Screening Programs for Congenital Hypothyroidism?......Page 236
What are the Causes of Pathologic Genu Varum (bowleggedness) Or Genu Valgus (knock Knees)?
......Page 649
Why are the Buttocks a Poor Location for Intramuscular Injections in Infants?......Page 119
Is Palpation for Femoral Pulses a Reliable Screening Tool for Coarctation of the Aorta in Infants and Older Children?......Page 120
How is the Euthyroid Sick Syndrome Diagnosed?......Page 240
What are the Most Common Innocent Murmurs?......Page 121
Name the Major Shunt Operations (Fig. 3-11) for CHD......Page 123
Is there Any Surgical Therapy for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome?......Page 124
What are the Two Major Pathophysiologic Mechanisms in Sickle Cell Anemia That Cause the Morbidities Associated With the Disease?......Page 341
Acknowledgment......Page 125
3. What is the Best Method of Umbilical Cord Care During the Immediate Neonatal Period?......Page 126
Why are Most Chemotherapeutic Drug Dosages Based on Body Surface Area (Bsa)?
......Page 167
How is the Diagnosis of Fanconi Anemia Made?......Page 127
When is the Use of Oral Isotretinoin Indicated in Teenagers With Acne?......Page 128
Do Children Develop Fibromyalgia?
......Page 693
Which Children With Acute Renal Failure are At the Greatest Risk for Hyperkalemia?......Page 129
Is In-toeing a Problem?
......Page 628
In Addition to Child Abuse, what Condition Must you Consider as a Cause of Multiple Unexplained Long Bone Fractures in a Young......Page 131
Coagulation Disorders......Page 132
List the Possible Acute Side Effects of Albuterol and Other beta-agonists.
......Page 133
How Can you Tell Whether a Patient has Been Given a Date-rape Drug?......Page 134
Describe the Five Key Battle Plans to Treat Atopic Dermatitis......Page 135
How Common is Hematuria in Children?......Page 136
What Features Help to Differentiate Seborrheic From Atopic Dermatitis During Infancy?......Page 137
How are Lyme Disease and Viral Meningitis Clinically Differentiated?
......Page 138
How Does the Vehicle Used in a Dermatologic Preparation......Page 139
How Does One Differentiate Between Irritant Diaper Dermatitis and Candidal Diaper Dermatitis?......Page 140
Why has Ddh Replaced Chd?
......Page 141
How Can you Clinically Distinguish Bilateral From Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis in an Infant?
......Page 311
What Distinguishes Nephrosis From Nephritis?......Page 142
What are the Risks Associated With the Infusion of Albumin With Lasix?......Page 143
What is the Significance of a Positive Trendelenburg Test?
......Page 183
What is the Prognosis for Children With Lcp Disease?
......Page 144
In a Child With Hus, Does the Presence of a Low Level of the C3 Component of Complement have Any Special Significance?.........Page 515
What Types of Treatment are Available for Head Lice?......Page 147
What Treatment Eliminates the Scabies Babies?......Page 148
100. What are the Normal Changes in Bilirubin Levels in Full-term Healthy newborns?......Page 149
What Should the Family of a Newborn With a Yellow, Hairless Patch With a Cobblestone Texture Be Advised to Do?......Page 150
How Can a Platelet Count Be Estimated From a Peripheral Smear?......Page 151
In a Toddler With Suspected ITP, what is the Significance of a Palpable Spleen on Examination?......Page 152
A 5-year-old Presents for Evaluation of a Recent Onset of a Linear Array of Pink to Hypopigmented Papules on the Arm. what is the likely diagnosis?......Page 153
What are the Different Forms of Scoliosis?
......Page 652
What are the Recommendations Regarding the Administration of Live-virus Vaccines to Patients Receiving Corticosteroid Therapy?
......Page 154
132. What is the Differential Diagnosis of Hypocalcemia in the Neonate?......Page 468
What Treatments are Available for Vitiligo?......Page 156
What Categories of Medication are Available for the Prevention of Migraine in Children?......Page 570
In Children With Liver Failure, How Should Gi Hemorrhage Be Managed?......Page 157
What Sites of Disease are Associated With the Best Outcomes for Children With rhabdomyosarcoma?
......Page 621
How are Vascular Birthmarks Classified?......Page 158
Where was beta-thalassemia First Described?......Page 159
What is the Tzanck Prep?
......Page 401
152. What are Normal Csf Values for Healthy Neonates?......Page 474
If Intralesional Or Systemic Steroids have Failed as Options for Hemangiomas Requiring Treatment, what Else May Be of Benefit?......Page 160
When are Port Wine Stains Associated With Other Anomalies?......Page 161
What is the Nikolsky Sign?......Page 162
When Evaluating a Patient With an Eye Injury, when Should you Suspect a Ruptured Globe, and How Should you Handle It?......Page 202
What are the Treatment Options for Familial Hypercholesterolemia?......Page 284
What are the Three Most Important Considerations when Evaluating Nasal Trauma?......Page 163
What Infectious Agent is Most Commonly Associated With Recurrent Erythema Multiforme?......Page 164
Acknowledgment......Page 165
What is the Significance of the Various Antibodies Included in the Ana Profile?
......Page 691
Child Abuse: Physical and Sexual......Page 168
What Important Physical Examination Findings are Indicators of Possible Child abuse?......Page 169
What are the Reasons That a Condition Might Be Genetically Determined but the Family History Would Be Negative?......Page 301
After the Initial Emergency Department (Ed) Visit for Sexual Assault, what Kind of Follow-up Care Should the Ed Physician Offer?......Page 172
What is the Classic Triad of Malaria?......Page 372
What Csf Findings Suggest Metabolic Disease as a Cause of Neurologic Signs and Symptoms?......Page 173
What are the Typical Clinical Findings of the Various Primary Immunodeficiencies?......Page 174
What are the Late Sequelae of Congenital Infections?......Page 323
How Quickly Can Temperature Rise Inside a Closed Automobile as a Result of Sunlight?......Page 175
How Can Hypertelorism Be Rapidly Assessed?......Page 176
A Dilated and Unreactive Pupil Indicates the Compression of what structure?
......Page 177
In an Adolescent With Menorrhagia, How Likely is a Bleeding Disorder?......Page 325
How Do the Injuries Produced By Lightning and High-voltage Wires Differ?......Page 178
What are Important Considerations when Treating Frostbite in Children?......Page 179
Describe the Appearance of Hutchinson Teeth.......Page 180
Which are More Likely to Be Rabid: Cats Or Dogs?......Page 181
What Common Conditions are Associated With an Increased Risk for Celiac Disease?......Page 182
Who was Ondine, and what was Her Curse?
......Page 680
What is the Sellick Maneuver?......Page 185
86. If a Gastric Aspirate Contains Blood Shortly After Birth, what Test Can Determine Whether the Blood is Swallowed Maternal Bloo.........Page 456
Should All Children With a New-onset Afebrile Generalized Seizure have a Ct Or Mri Evaluation?
......Page 232
What are the Complications of Intraosseous Lines?......Page 186
What is the Most Common Cause of Acute Hematogenous Osteomyelitis?
......Page 645
What are the Typical Clinical Findings Associated With Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)?......Page 187
What Drugs have Been Proved Effective for Reducing the Maternal-to-infant Transmission of Hiv?......Page 264
How are the Complications of Ger Treated?......Page 265
When Should a Failing Resuscitation Be Stopped?......Page 188
How Much Blood Volume Can Be Lost Before Hypotension May Be Seen in an Infant?......Page 189
What is the Most Important Pharmacologic Therapy for Anaphylactic Shock?......Page 190
A 10-month-old Child who was Exclusively Fed Goat Milk is Likely to Develop what Type of Anemia?......Page 337
What is the Likely Type of Shock for an 8-year-old Who, Following a Head-first Fall Into an Unfilled Swimming Pool, presents to the ED with a normal heart
rate of 90 beats per minute, is hypotensive (50/30 mm Hg) despite excessive
fluid resuscitation, and has multiple CT scans that reveal only a small cerebral
contusion?......Page 191
Name the Three Main Types of Renal Tubular Acidoses (Rtas).......Page 520
What is the Primary Defect in Type 1 Rta?......Page 192
How Does Single-dose Activated Charcoal Work and when Should It Be Considered?......Page 193
How Do the Causes of Upper GI Bleeding Vary By Age Group?......Page 272
What Ingestions and Exposures have Available Antidotes?......Page 195
131. What are the Manifestations of Hypocalcemia in the Neonate?......Page 196
128. How Should Hypoglycemia Be Treated?......Page 275
How is α1-antitrypsin Deficiency Most Likely to Present in Infants and Children?......Page 197
What Should Be the Diagnostic Approach Regarding a Possible Uti for a Female Infant Aged 3 to 24 Months With No Known Urinary .........Page 198
Does Sickle Cell Trait have Any Significant Morbidity?......Page 199
What is the Differential Diagnosis in a Child who Presents With Confusion and Lethargy?......Page 200
In what Settings Should Cyanide Poisoning Be Suspected?......Page 201
When Should an Avulsed Tooth Be Reimplanted?......Page 203
What are the Major Complications of Total Parenteral Nutrition?......Page 204
How Do the Signs of Different Types of Cns Herniation Differ?......Page 205
Are Single Lateral Cervical Spine Radiographs Sufficient to "clear" a Patient After Neck Injury?......Page 206
In This Same Patient as in Question 182, Blood At the Tip of the Penis is Noted. Why is Catheterization Contraindicated?......Page 207
Acknowledgment......Page 208
What are the Most Common Causes of Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency?......Page 209
How Do Physiologic, Stress, and Pharmacologic Doses of Hydrocortisone Differ?......Page 210
An 8-year-old in a Spica Cast After Hip Surgery Develops Vomiting and a Serum Calcium Concentration of 15.3mg/dL. what Should......Page 211
How Does the Average Volume of the Swallow of a Child Compare With That of an Adult?......Page 212
Cerebral Palsy......Page 300
What Clinical Features Suggest Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?......Page 213
What are the Mainstays of Therapy for DKA?......Page 214
What is the Role of Magnesium Sulfate in Acute Asthma Attacks?
......Page 303
Is Continuous Or Bolus Insulin Better for the Initial Treatment of DKA?......Page 217
How Long Does the "honeymoon" Period Last in Newly Diagnosed Insulin-dependent Diabetic Patients?......Page 218
How Do the Types of Insulin Vary in Their Timing and Duration of Action?......Page 219
What is a Greenstick Fracture?
......Page 446
A Child Presents With Progressive Left Leg Weakness and Diplopia, Especially when Looking Toward the Left. where is the Lesion...
......Page 220
What Historical and Clinical Features Suggest Type 2 Rather than Type 1 Diabetes?......Page 221
50. At what Gestational Age Does a Sense of Smell Develop?......Page 253
Which Pediatric Patients Should Be Screened for Type 2 Diabetes?......Page 222
What Tests are Valuable for the Diagnosis of Suspected DIC?......Page 326
What are Common Acquired Causes of Thrombosis in Childhood And adolescence?......Page 223
On a Routine Urinalysis, an Asymptomatic 7-year-old Boy has 1+ Protein Noted on Dipstick Assessment. How Should This Chil.........Page 508
A Patient With Chronic Sinusitis and Recurrent Pulmonary Infections has a Chest Radiograph That Demonstrates a Right-sided Car...
......Page 224
What is the Risk to a Fetus After Primary Maternal Toxoplasma Infection?......Page 379
What is Bone Age?......Page 225
Fever in Children: is It Friend Or Foe?......Page 380
Should Growth Hormone Therapy Be Given to the Normal Short Child?......Page 227
Which Diseases Should Be Considered in the Differential Diagnosis of Children With a Butterfly Rash?
......Page 228
In Patients With Acute Hypoglycemia, what are the Treatment Options?......Page 229
Which Tests are Useful for Studying Suspected Hypothalamic and Pituitary Malfunction?......Page 230
An Infant is Born With Ambiguous Genitalia. what Features of the History and Physical Examination are Key in the Evaluation?......Page 231
If a 7.2-year-old Girl Develops Breast Buds and Pubic Hair, is This Normal Or Precocious?......Page 233
Which Radiologic and Laboratory Tests are Indicated for the Evaluation of Precocious Puberty?......Page 234
What Should a Parent Be Told About the Prognosis of a Child who has Euthyroid Goiter Caused By Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis?......Page 237
What is the Significance of Grunting Respirations?
......Page 238
Describe the Principal Modes of Actions and the Side Effects of Medications Used to Treat Graves Disease......Page 239
How is Ascites Diagnosed By Physical Examination?......Page 241
What is Rickets?
......Page 242
What Would Be the Most Common Condition That Might Present as a Food Impaction in an Adolescent?......Page 243
In Children With Abdominal Pain, what Historic Features Suggest a Possible Organic Or Serious Cause?......Page 244
What are the Most Common Microchromosome Deletion Syndromes?......Page 245
What Features Suggest an Organic Etiology for Constipation?......Page 246
How is Hirschsprung Disease Diagnosed?......Page 247
How Should Children With Chronic Constipation and Encopresis Be Managed?......Page 248
In what Settings Can Diarrhea Be a Severe, Life-threatening Illness?......Page 249
What are the Complications of Ventricular Shunts?
......Page 545
What are the Clinical Features of Cvid?......Page 357
Why is a Generous Mediastinal Shadow on the Radiograph Much More Worrisome in a Teenager than an Infant?
......Page 547
57. When Do Premature Infants ``catch Up´´ on Growth Charts?......Page 254
Should We Follow Lyme Disease Course and Response to Therapy With Titers?
......Page 704
Of the Four Most Common Types of Sex-chromosome Abnormalities, Which Is identifiable At Birth?......Page 308
What Conditions Produce Secondary Lactose Deficiency?......Page 255
Which Laboratory Tests are Used for the Diagnosis of Cgd?......Page 256
What are the Typical Hematologic Findings Noted During the Presentation Of All?
......Page 608
How Can the World Health Organization (Who) Oral Electrolyte (rehydration) Solution Be Duplicated?......Page 259
What are Nonantimicrobial Drug Therapies for Diarrhea?......Page 261
What is the Value of Skin Testing for the Diagnosis of T-cell Deficiencies?......Page 364
Do Children Outgrow Food Allergies?......Page 262
Which Conditions are Associated With Coxa Vara?
......Page 643
How Long Should One Wait Before a Blood Culture is Designated Negative?......Page 263
When are Corticosteroids Indicated for the Treatment of Hsp?
......Page 266
99. What Causes Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn?......Page 459
What are the Best Dietary Sources of Folate and Vitamin B12?......Page 267
What is the Basis for the 13C-urea Breath Test for Helicobacter?......Page 268
What Features on Physical Examination Can Help Identify an Unknown Cause of GI Bleeding?......Page 269
What Can Cause False-negative and False-positive Results when Stool testing for Blood?......Page 270
What are the Absolute Contraindications to Pertussis Immunization?......Page 271
117. A Newborn Develops Dark Skin Discoloration and Dark Urine After Beginning Phototherapy. what is the Diagnosis?.........Page 464
In Infants With Unilateral Lung Disease, Should the Good Lung Be Up Or Down?
......Page 689
Which Children With Itp are Candidates for Splenectomy?......Page 273
How Helpful are Dipstick Testing and Microscopic Analysis of Urine as Screening Tests for Utis?......Page 524
What are the Three Primary Headache Disorders in Children?......Page 274
What are the Treatments of Choice for Wilson Disease?......Page 276
How Should the Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Patients Be Treated?......Page 277
What Techniques Can Be Used to Elicit Abnormal Movements (particularly Chorea)?......Page 571
What is the Most Accurate Physical Examination Modality to Assess Anterior Cruciate Ligament (Acl) Injury?...
......Page 657
What is the Epidemiology of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD)?......Page 278
How Do Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease Vary in Intestinal Distribution?......Page 279
What Pharmacologic Therapies are Used in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease?......Page 280
Are Children With Ibd At Increased Risk for Malignancy?......Page 281
How are Lipoproteins Categorized?......Page 282
What are the Clinical Features of the beta-thalassemia Syndromes?......Page 346
When is Lithotripsy Or Surgery Indicated for Children With Kidney Stones?......Page 532
157. If a Cephalhematoma is Suspected, Should a Skull Radiograph Be Performed to Evaluate for Fracture?......Page 475
What are the American Heart Association Dietary Strategies for All Children Older than 2 Years?......Page 283
What are Various Requirements for Protein, Fat, and Carbohydrates?......Page 285
Should Asymptomatic Siblings of a Patient With Vur have Urologic Imaging Done as a Screen for Reflux?......Page 534
165. What Factors Predispose Premature Infants to the Development of Periventricular Leukomalacia?......Page 286
What Can Be Done to Prevent Total Parenteral Nutrition-associated Liver Dysfunction?......Page 287
How are Incarcerated Inguinal Hernias Reduced?......Page 288
What are the Clinical Findings of Malrotation of the Intestine?......Page 289
182. What are Contraindications to Breastfeeding?......Page 290
Duodenal Or Jejunoileal Atresia: Which is Associated With Other Embryonic Abnormalities?......Page 291
Which is Accompanied By More Complications: High Or Low Imperforate Anus?......Page 292
Why are Infants With Short Bowel Syndrome Prone to Renal Calculi?......Page 293
What Conditions May Mimic Appendicitis?......Page 294
Appendicitis in Children: Clinical, Laboratory, Or Radiologic Diagnosis?......Page 295
Acknowledgment......Page 296
Which Disorders With Ethnic and Racial Predilections Most Commonly Warrant maternal Screening for Carrier Status?......Page 297
How Much has Community-associated Methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (Ca-Mrsa) Increased in the United States?.........Page 298
How are the Two Conditions Diagnosed?......Page 299
A 14-month-old Child Presents Symptoms Including Marked Cyanosis, Lethargy, and Normal Oxygen Saturation By Pulse oximetry after drinking from
a neighbor’s well. What is the likely diagnosis?......Page 317
What Proportion of Infants With Down Syndrome have Congenital Hypothyroidism?......Page 302
How Common are Major and Minor Malformations in Newborns?......Page 304
33. When is Sodium Bicarbonate Administered in Resuscitation?......Page 443
What is the Proper Way to Test for Low-set Ears?......Page 305
What is the Risk for Having a Child With a Recessive Disorder when the Parents are First Or Second Cousins?.........Page 306
How is the Diagnosis of Lyme Meningitis Established?
......Page 703
51. When Does the Fetal Heart Begin to Contract in Utero?......Page 307
52. How Does Fetal Circulation Differ From Neonatal Circulation?......Page 448
What is the Nature of the Mutation in Fragile X Syndrome?......Page 310
What are the Frequent Facial Features of the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome?......Page 312
Acknowledgment......Page 313
What are the Treatments and Prognosis for Children With Aplastic Anemia?......Page 314
Why is Distinguishing Between the Two Conditions Extremely Important?......Page 315
When Does the Physiologic Anemia of Infancy Occur?......Page 316
What Factors are Associated With an Increased Risk for Developing Anthracycline-induced Cardiotoxicity?
......Page 598
21. With the Recent Increase in Late Preterm Births (33 to 36 Weeks), what are the Most Common Causes for Hospital Readmission of .........Page 440
What Do the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPtt) and the Prothrombin Time (Pt) Measure in the Basic Clotting Cascade?......Page 319
What are the Possible Causes of a Prolonged aPTT and PT?......Page 320
What is Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid (Csf) Pressure?......Page 543
32. When Should Epinephrine Be Given During a Resuscitation in the Delivery Room?......Page 321
In Patients With Severe Hemophilia, Can Prophylaxis With Factor Replacement Prevent Severe Hemorrhage?......Page 322
What are Initial Diagnostic Tests for Suspected Von Willebrand Disease?......Page 324
A Child who Develops Weakness, Incontinence, and Ataxia 10 Days After a Bout of Influenza Likely has what Diagnosis?...
......Page 359
What are the Common Hereditary Disorders That Predispose a Child to Thrombosis?......Page 327
What are the Clinical Phenotypes of Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency?......Page 328
65. What is Necrotizing Enterocolitis (Nec)?......Page 329
At what Temperature Does a Child have Fever?......Page 330
For Whom Should Secondary Mcns Therapies Be Considered?......Page 331
What is the Mechanism of Hypercoagulability Associated With Nephrotic Syndrome?......Page 332
As Iron Becomes Depleted From the Body, what is the Progression At Which Laboratory Tests Change?......Page 333
What are the Causes of Microcytic Anemia in Children?......Page 334
How Does Lead Cause Microcytic Anemia?......Page 336
What Microscopic Features Would Suggest a Diagnosis Other than ITP in a Patient With a Platelet Count of 20,000?......Page 338
How Do Treatments for ITP Compare?......Page 339
What is Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia and How is It Diagnosed And treated?......Page 340
Which Foods have Been Associated With the Development of Migraine Headaches?......Page 569
What are the Three Main Categories of Crises in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease?......Page 342
What is the "acute Chest Syndrome" in Sickle Cell Patients?......Page 343
Why is Doxycycline Recommended for All Ages in Patients With Suspected Rmsf?
......Page 344
What are the Thalassemias?......Page 345
How Do you Reduce Iron Accumulation in Children who Require Repeated Transfusions?......Page 347
Acknowledgment......Page 348
What are the Immunologic Risks for Asplenic Patients?......Page 349
What are the Most Prominent Effects of Glucocorticoids on the Immune System?......Page 350
What are the Levine (Poster) Criteria for the Diagnosis of Cp?......Page 351
Is there Any Physiologic Basis to the Adage ``starve a Fever, Feed a Cold´´?......Page 369
How is Neutropenia Defined?......Page 352
Why is Jra Becoming Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Jia)?
......Page 695
What are the General Management Principles for a Limb-length Discrepancy?
......Page 629
All That Wheezes is Not Asthma. what are Other Noninfectious Causes?
......Page 664
Which Hematologic Disorder is Frequently Observed in Neonates Delivered From Mothers With Severe Pregnancy-induced Hypertensio.........Page 353
Which is the Most Common Type of Primary Immunodeficiency?......Page 354
Is there a Vaccine to Prevent Rsv Infection?
......Page 358
What are the Typical Clinical Features of Scid?......Page 360
What Types of Infections are Commonly Seen in Children With Cgd?......Page 361
Which Diagnosis Needs to Be Considered in a 3-month-old Infant With Type 1 diabetes, Severe Diarrhea, and Eczema?......Page 362
When are "doll's Eyes" Movements Considered Normal Or Abnormal?
......Page 553
Which are the Genetic Complement Deficiencies?......Page 363
How is the Classic Complement Cascade Evaluated?......Page 365
In Patients for Whom the History Lists ``penicillin Allergy,´´ How Commonly is a True Allergy Present on Testing?.........Page 366
How Should Infections With Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Be Managed?......Page 367
Are Fluoroquinolones Safe to Use in Children?......Page 368
What is the Anion Gap in Serum?......Page 496
How Does Hatchcock Sign Help Distinguish Swelling as a Result of Mumps From swelling Caused By Adenitis?......Page 370
What is the Most Common Congenital Foot Abnormality?
......Page 631
Do Inhaled Steroids Affect Growth in Children?
......Page 373
What is Anti-IgE Treatment for Asthma?
......Page 668
How Does the Cause of Foot Pain Vary By Age?
......Page 633
How Do Complications Vary Between Newborns With Cmv Infection who are Symptomatic and Those who are Asymptomatic At Birth?......Page 374
When Should Varicella Zoster Immunoglobulin (Vzig) Be Given to a Newborn?......Page 375
What are the Three Forms of Neonatal Hsv Disease?......Page 376
How Should Infants Born to Mothers With Hepatitis B Infection Be Managed?......Page 377
How Do the Clinical Features of Early and Late Congenital Syphilis Differ?......Page 378
What Laboratory Tests Should Be Ordered in a Child who is Suspected of Having Sle?
......Page 381
What is Meant By ``serotype Replacement´´?......Page 382
What is the Proper Way to Evaluate and Manage Febrile Illness in Infants who are Younger than 60 Days?......Page 383
When is a Chest Radiograph Indicated for a Febrile Young Infant?......Page 384
If a Previously Normal Child has an Afebrile, Generalized Tonic-clonic Seizure, what Should Parents Be Told About the Risk For...
......Page 557
How Should a Child With Fuo Be Evaluated?......Page 385
In Addition to Pfapa, Which Syndromes are Associated With Periodic fevers?......Page 386
How Common is the Maternal-to-infant Transmission of Hiv?......Page 387
As Osteomyelitis Progresses, How Soon Do Radiographic Changes Occur?
......Page 646
Among Patients Younger than 13 Years of Age With Hiv Infection, How Does the Cd4 Count Influence Classification?......Page 389
How Common is the Transmission of Hiv From Infected Children to Household Contacts?......Page 390
When Should Postexposure Prophylaxis Be Given After a Needlestick Injury?......Page 391
What is the Most Common Cause of Refractory Seizures?
......Page 563
Do Shorter Or Longer Needles Result in More Local Reactions when Immunizations are Given to Infants?......Page 392
Which Ankle Sprains Should Be Evaluated With a Radiograph?
......Page 650
What is the Difference Between Whole-cell and Acellular Pertussis Vaccines?......Page 393
119. What is the Relationship Between Delayed Neonatal Jaundice and Urinary Tract Infection (Uti)?......Page 394
Of the Vaccines Included in the Routine Schedule, Which Ones Contain Live Viruses?
......Page 395
What is ``atypical´´ About Atypical Measles?
......Page 397
How Valuable are School-based Screening Programs for Scoliosis?
......Page 619
What is the Spectrum of Disease Caused By Parvovirus B19?
......Page 398
What Conditions Can Mimic Rmsf?
......Page 399
What is the Risk for Varicella-associated Complications in Normal Children 1 to 14 Years Old?
......Page 400
What is the Difference Between ``antigenic Shift´´ and ``antigenic Drift´´?
......Page 402
What Makes the H1N1 of 2009 so Novel?
......Page 403
Can the Swine Flu Be Contracted By Eating Pork?
......Page 404
What is the Typical Course of the Lymphadenitis in Cat-scratch Disease?
......Page 405
When are Steroids Indicated for Children With Ebv Infection?
......Page 406
What are the Most Common Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis in Infants Younger than 2 Months?
......Page 407
What is the Range of Values Found in Csf of Infants and Children who Do Not have Meningitis?
......Page 408
How Do the Csf Findings Vary in Bacterial, Viral, Fungal, and Tuberculous Meningitis in Children Beyond the Neonatal Period?
......Page 409
Does Antibiotic Therapy Before Lp Affect Csf Indices?
......Page 410
What are the Drugs of Choice for the Empirical Treatment of Bacterial Meningitis in Children Older than 1 Month?
......Page 411
How Does the Pathophysiology of Infant Botulism Differ From That of Food-borne and Wound Botulism?
......Page 585
Should Children Receiving Therapy for Bacterial Meningitis Undergo repeat Lp?
......Page 412
If a Child Develops Bacterial Meningitis, what Should the Parents Be Told About Long-term Outcomes?
......Page 413
Can Newborns With Chlamydial Conjunctivitis Be Treated With Topical Therapy Alone?
......Page 414
Are Ophthalmic Solutions Better than Ophthalmic Ointments for Eradicating Conjunctivitis?
......Page 415
What is the Difference Between a Hordeolum, a Stye, and a Chalazion?
......Page 416
What are the Landmarks of the Tympanic Membrane?
......Page 417
After an Acute Episode of Otitis Media, How Long Does the Middle Ear Effusion Persist?
......Page 418
When Should Prophylactic Antibiotics Be Considered for Children With Recurrent Otitis Media?
......Page 419
Should a Child With Tympanostomy Tubes Be Allowed to Swim?
......Page 420
What is the Typical Rash of Scarlet Fever?
......Page 421
Why Do Some Clinicians Use Treatments Other than Penicillins for Gas Pharyngitis?
......Page 422
How Long After the Development of Streptococcal Pharyngitis Can Treatment Be Initiated and Still Effectively Prevent Rheumatic...
......Page 423
How is a Peritonsillar Abscess Distinguished From Peritonsillar Cellulitis?
......Page 424
What are the Indications for Removing the Tonsils?
......Page 425
What are the Criteria for the Admission of a Child With Viral Croup?
......Page 426
What is Spasmodic Croup?
......Page 427
What is the Typical Presentation of Sinusitis in Children?
......Page 428
What are Indications for Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Sinusitis?
......Page 429
How is the Mantoux Test Interpreted in Children?
......Page 430
How Should a Patient With a Positive Tst Be Evaluated?
......Page 431
How are Children With Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treated?
......Page 432
Why Do Children With Tuberculosis Rarely Infect Other Children?
......Page 433
Acknowledgment......Page 434
2. How Does the Handling of the Umbilical Cord At Birth Affect Neonatal Hemoglobin Concentrations?......Page 435
6. What is the Appropriate Position of a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (Picc)?......Page 436
10. What Factors Affect Insensible Water Loss?......Page 437
13. What are the Stages of Rop?......Page 438
17. Does in Utero Exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (Ssris) Result in Neonatal Withdrawal?......Page 439
25. What is an Acceptable Scalp PH for the Fetus?......Page 441
29. During Asphyxia, How is Primary Apnea Distinguished From Secondary Apnea?......Page 442
36. Is there a Role for Co2 Detectors in Neonatal Resuscitation?......Page 444
49. At what Gestational Age Does Pupillary Reaction to Light Develop?......Page 447
58. What is the Outcome for Extremely Premature Babies?......Page 449
63. How is Gastroschisis Differentiated From Omphalocele in the Newborn Infant?......Page 450
66. What are the Most Important Risk Factors for Nec in Preterm Infants?......Page 451
72. Is there a Role for Probiotics in the Prevention of Nec?......Page 452
74. How is Nec Classified?......Page 453
79. Describe the Changes in Hemoglobin Concentration Seen During the First Few Days of Life.......Page 454
What is the Most Common Cause of Arf in Young Children in the United States?......Page 514
91. What is the Definition of Thrombocytopenia in the Neonate?......Page 457
95. In the Mother With New-onset Thrombocytopenia During Pregnancy, How Can One Determine the Risk to the Fetus?.........Page 458
How Helpful are Cold Agglutinins in the Diagnosis of M. Pneumoniae Infections?
......Page 685
102. How Soon Should Infants Be Evaluated for Jaundice After Discharge?......Page 460
What are the Causes of Recurrent Pneumonia?
......Page 686
106. Which Infants are ``set-ups´´ for Abo Incompatibility?......Page 461
110. What Distinguishes Breastfeeding Jaundice From Breast-milk Jaundice?......Page 462
111. Why Should Infants At Risk for Breastfeeding Jaundice Be Fed More Frequently?......Page 463
120. Can Transcutaneous Bilirubin Measurements Be Used in Place of Serum levels?......Page 465
Metabolic Issues......Page 466
127. When is Hypoglycemia Most Likely to Occur in a Neonate?......Page 467
136. Can Sepsis Be Distinguished From Other Causes of Respiratory Distress in the Neonate?......Page 469
Osteosarcoma Generally Arises in Which Part of the Bone?
......Page 620
139. How Should Symptomatic Infants Be Evaluated?......Page 470
141. Should an Lp Be Performed on All Newborns as Part of the Sepsis Evaluation?......Page 471
145. Do Intrapartum Antibiotics Change the Clinical Presentation of Early-onset Gbs sepsis?......Page 472
149. Is Methicillin-resistant S. Aureus (Mrsa) a Significant Pathogen in the Nicu?......Page 473
What is the Most Common Type of Clinical Seizure During the Neonatal Period?
......Page 476
166. What Modalities Can Be Used to Detect Periventricular Leukomalacia?......Page 477
170. What is the Outcome of Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy?......Page 478
174. Does Hypothermia Improve the Outcomes of Term Infants Following Perinatal Asphyxia?......Page 479
178. What are the Documented Medical Benefits of Breastfeeding?......Page 480
184. Should Mothers Maintained on Methadone Breastfeed Their Babies?......Page 481
190. What is Nonnutritive Sucking?......Page 482
196. What are the Manifestations of Vitamin E Deficiency in the Neonate?......Page 483
201. In an Infant who is Receiving Mechanical Ventilation, what is an Acceptable Range for PH, Pco2, and Po2?......Page 484
205. How Do High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation and High-frequency Jet Ventilation Differ?......Page 485
209. Do the Kinds of Surfactants Used to Treat Infants With Rds Differ in Effectiveness?......Page 486
214. Is there a Role for Sildenafil (Viagra) in the Treatment of Pphn?......Page 487
218. What Characterizes the Diagnosis of Bpd?......Page 488
219. What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Long-term Diuretic Therapy For Bpd?......Page 489
222. Why are Infants With Bpd At Increased Risk for Poor Neurodevelopmental Outcome?......Page 490
Acknowledgment......Page 491
How is the Cause of Hyponatremia Established?......Page 492
A 6-year-old Girl With a 2-month History of Joint Pain (onset After a Viral Illness) has a Normal Physical Examination, Comple...
......Page 493
How Does Serum Potassium Concentration Change With Alterations in Serum pH?......Page 494
What is the Principal Genetic Abnormality in Achondroplasia?
......Page 627
What is the Differential Diagnosis in a Child Presenting With Symptoms of Primary Metabolic Alkalosis?......Page 497
What Gross Motor Delays are Diagnostically Important in the Infant With Possible Cp?......Page 498
What Treatments are Available for Nocturnal Enuresis?......Page 499
How Do you Treat Labial Adhesions?......Page 500
What are the Main Features of the Macrophage Activation Syndrome?
......Page 698
What is the Usual Time Course for Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis?......Page 501
What Distinguishes Lower From Upper Tract Bleeding?......Page 502
Clinical Issues......Page 546
What Evaluations Should Be Considered During the Evaluation of Isolated Hematuria?......Page 503
During the Evaluation of a Child With Elevated Blood Pressure, what Risk Factors Should Be Considered for Identification And/o.........Page 505
What Historical Information Suggests a Secondary Cause of Hypertension?......Page 506
List the Features on Physical Examination That Suggest a Secondary Cause of Hypertension.......Page 507
What is the Natural History of Orthostatic Proteinuria?......Page 509
Which Childhood Diseases Appear Primarily as Glomerulonephritis Or the Nephrotic Syndrome?......Page 510
Why Doesn't Eating More Protein Restore the Serum Albumin Concentration to Normal in Individuals With the Nephrotic Syndrome?.........Page 511
What are the Typical Clinical Features and Therapeutic Responses Seen in Patients With Mcns?......Page 512
What are the Prognostic Factors in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome?......Page 513
What is the Simplest Way to Estimate the Glomerular Filtration Rate in the Absence of a Timed Urine Collection?.........Page 516
What is the Difference Between Urine Specific Gravity and Urine Osmolality?......Page 517
What Distinguishes Phimosis and Paraphimosis?......Page 518
What is the Natural History of Hydroceles?......Page 519
Describe the Clinical and Laboratory Manifestations of the Various Rtas.......Page 521
When Should a Lumbar Puncture Be Performed as Part of the Evaluation of a Young Child With a Simple Febrile Seizure?...
......Page 522
What is the Primary Disease Causing the Fanconi Syndrome (the Renal Syndrome, Not the Hematologic One, both Described By the S.........Page 523
Can the Diagnosis of Uti Be Made on the Basis of Urinalysis Alone?......Page 525
How Common are Utis in Young Febrile Infants?......Page 526
Should All Pediatric Patients With Clinical Pyelonephritis Be Hospitalized?......Page 527
What is the Expected Resolution of Fever After a Child is Started on an Antibiotic for a Uti?......Page 528
Which Patients With Utis Warrant Imaging Studies of the Urinary Tract?......Page 529
What is the Range of Clinical Tics?......Page 530
What are the Pros and Cons of a Vcug Versus a Radionuclide Cystogram (Rnc) for the Evaluation of Reflux?......Page 533
Acknowledgment......Page 535
When Should Blood Levels Be Obtained If Seizures are Poorly Controlled Or Compliance is Questionable?......Page 536
Can Aeds Paradoxically Cause a Worsening of Seizures?......Page 537
What are the Warning Signs and Symptoms of Hypersensitivity Syndromes?......Page 538
After what Period Can Aeds Be Safely Discontinued?......Page 539
What is Cerebral Palsy?......Page 540
What Proportion of Cp is Related to Birth Asphyxia?......Page 541
Who Develops the "somnolence Syndrome"?
......Page 599
What Problems are Commonly Associated With Cp?......Page 542
As Tests of Meningeal Irritation, what Constitutes a Positive Kernig Or Brudzinski Sign?......Page 544
How Does the Presentation of Stroke Differ Between Infants and Older Children?
......Page 548
In Patients With Acute Injury to the Brain, what Two Types of Edema May Occur?
......Page 549
How Do the Criteria for the Determination of Brain Death Vary By Age?
......Page 550
What are the Causes of Toe Walking?
......Page 551
What are the Potential Long-term Consequences of Osa?
......Page 552
What Does the Marcus Gunn Pupil Detect?
......Page 554
Should an Eeg Be Done on All Children who have a First Afebrile Seizure?
......Page 555
What are the Categories of Seizures in Children?
......Page 556
Is there Ever an Indication to Treat Femoral Anteversion?
......Page 644
What are the Most Common Inherited Seizure Or Epilepsy Syndromes?
......Page 558
A Teenager, Like His Father, Develops Brief, Bilateral, Intermittent Jerking of His Arms. what Seizure Disorder is He Likely T...
......Page 559
What is the Most Likely Diagnosis in a Child of Ashkenazi Descent With Stimulus-sensitive Seizures, Cognitive Deterioration, A...
......Page 561
Why is Status Epilepticus so Dangerous?
......Page 562
When Should a Child Be Referred for Epilepsy Surgery Evaluation?
......Page 564
Why are Complex Febrile Seizures More Worrisome than Simple Febrile Seizures?
......Page 565
What is the Risk for Epilepsy After a Febrile Seizure?
......Page 566
Is the Aggressive Use of Antipyretic Therapy At the Start of a Febrile Illness Effective in Reducing the Likelihood of a Febri.........Page 567
When Should Neuroimaging Be Considered in a Child With Headache?......Page 568
How Should Simple Tics Be Treated?......Page 572
Why is the Diagnosis of Tourette Syndrome Commonly Delayed?......Page 573
How are Neonatal Seizures Classified?
......Page 574
What is an Acceptable Workup in a Newborn With Seizures?
......Page 575
What is the Treatment for Refractory Seizures in the Neonate?
......Page 576
What is the Derivation of the Term Phakomatosis?
......Page 577
What are the Diagnostic Criteria for Neurofibromatosis-1 (Nf1)?
......Page 578
What are Lisch Nodules?
......Page 579
What is the Most Common Presenting Symptom of Tsc?
......Page 580
Which Types of Facial Port-wine Stains are Most Strongly Associated With Ophthalmic Or Cns Complications?...
......Page 581
What are the Causes of Acute Generalized Weakness?
......Page 582
Why is It Important to Localize the Cause of Hypotonia?
......Page 584
How Does the Pathophysiology of Juvenile Versus Congenital Myasthenia Gravis Differ?
......Page 586
What is the Clinical Importance of Dystrophin?
......Page 587
What is the Most Likely Diagnosis in a Child With Progressive Walking Difficulties Evolving Over Several Days?...
......Page 588
How Does Multiple Sclerosis Appear During Childhood?
......Page 590
Which Sacral Dimples and Coccygeal Pits in a Newborn are Concerning for an Occult Spinal Dysraphism (Osd)?...
......Page 592
What are the Types of Chiari Malformations?
......Page 593
What are the Principal Options for Managing Urinary Incontinence in Patients With Myelomeningocele?
......Page 594
Acknowledgment......Page 595
What is the Difference Between Adjuvant and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?
......Page 596
What is Infantile Cortical Hyperostosis?
......Page 626
How Does the Time of Year Help Identify the Potential Cause of Allergic rhinitis?
......Page 660
Summarize the Pros and Cons of Skin Testing Versus In vitro Testing (e.g., IgE ImmunoCap) for Allergies.
......Page 597
What Conditions are Associated With Gastroenteritis and Arthritis?
......Page 692
What are the Long-term Sequelae of Chemotherapy and Irradiation?
......Page 600
After Receiving Broad-spectrum Antibiotic Therapy for 4 Days for Fever and Neutropenia, a Patient Develops a New Fever That Is...
......Page 601
A Child With Newly Diagnosed Leukemia Experiences a Rapid Decline in Hemoglobin Soon After Administration of Rasburicase. What...
......Page 602
What Does Plastic Deformation Mean?
......Page 603
What are the Most Common Symptoms Experienced By Oncology Patients Receiving End-of-life Care?
......Page 604
How Do the Types of Malignancies Compare Between Infants and adolescents?
......Page 605
Is Cell Phone Use Associated With an Increased Risk for Brain Tumors?
......Page 606
Is Ethnicity Related to Treatment Outcome in Patients With Acute Leukemia?
......Page 609
What are the Most Common Sites of Extramedullary Relapse of All?
......Page 610
If you Saw a Car With the License Plate, "Flt3 Itd," what Would the Most Likely Interest of Its Driver Be?...
......Page 611
What are the Features of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (Lch)?
......Page 613
Which Common Parameters Should Be Closely Monitored in a Child After Resection of a Brain Tumor?
......Page 614
What are the Differences Among a Glioma, an Astrocytoma, and Glioblastoma Multiforme?
......Page 615
What are the Most Common Presentations of Neuroblastoma?
......Page 616
How Can the Site of Spinal Cord Compression Be Clinically Localized?
......Page 617
In what Age Group Does Retinoblastoma Usually Occur?
......Page 618
Lance Armstrong's Treatment for Metastatic Testicular Germ Cell Tumor had an Important Modification From Standard Therapy. Wha...
......Page 622
What is the Chance of Finding an Hla-matched Unrelated Donor?
......Page 623
How is Gvhd Managed?
......Page 624
Acknowledgment......Page 625
Do School Backpacks Contribute to Back Pain?
......Page 630
Where are the Most Frequent Sites of Fractures Among Children?
......Page 634
How are Growth-plate Fractures Classified?
......Page 635
How Do you Treat a Simple Clavicular Fracture?
......Page 636
Name the Eight Carpal Bones of the Wrist.
......Page 637
What are the Ortolani and Barlow Maneuvers?
......Page 639
How is Ddh Treated?
......Page 641
How have the Initial Antibiotic Choices for Suspected Bacterial Bone and Joint infections Changed During the Past Decade?...
......Page 647
How is the Diagnosis of Diskitis Established?
......Page 648
A Teenager has Chronic Knee Pain, Swelling, and Occasional "locking" of the Knee Joint, and His Radiograph Reveals... 
......Page 651
Are Males Or Females More Likely to have Scoliosis?
......Page 653
What is the Natural History of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (Ais)?
......Page 654
Is It Helpful to Identify Patients At High Risk for Progression At an Early Age?
......Page 655
What are Overuse Injuries?
......Page 656
How Should a Player With a Suspected On-field Concussion Be Assessed?
......Page 658
Acknowledgment......Page 659
What are the Recommended Treatments for Children With Chronic Allergic Rhinitis?
......Page 661
Which Children Should Be Considered for Immunotherapy?
......Page 662
What are Other Potential Triggers for Asthma?
......Page 663
How is the Severity of an Acute Asthma Attack Estimated?
......Page 665
What are the Indications for Hospital Admission in Patients With Asthma?
......Page 666
How is Chronic Asthma Severity Classified Among Children 5-11 Years of Age?
......Page 667
How Useful are Pulmonary Function Tests when Evaluating and Following Children With Asthma?
......Page 669
What are the Typical Findings on a Chest Radiograph in a Child With Bronchiolitis?
......Page 670
Does Infection With Rsv Confer Lifelong Protection?
......Page 671
What are the Indications for Surgical Repair of Pectus Excavatum?
......Page 672
What are the Possible Risks of Passive Cigarette Smoke Exposure?
......Page 673
What is the Pathophysiology of Clubbing?
......Page 674
Nasal Polyps are Associated With Which Conditions?
......Page 675
What is the Most Common Cause of Infantile Stridor?
......Page 676
What Physical Examination Features Suggest a Pleural Effusion?
......Page 678
What are Possible Treatments for Infected Parapneumonic Effusions?
......Page 679
What Agents Cause Pneumonia in Children?
......Page 683
How Common is an Occult Pneumonia in a Febrile Child With Leukocytosis?
......Page 684
What is the Normal Respiratory Rate in Otherwise Healthy Children?
......Page 687
At what Concentration is Inspired Oxygen Toxic?
......Page 688
Acknowledgment......Page 690
What are the Criteria Used for the Diagnosis of Juvenile Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis?
......Page 694
Describe the Pattern of Fever and Rash of the Systemic-onset Subset of Jia.
......Page 696
When are Corticosteroids Indicated for Children With Jia?
......Page 699
What is the Earliest Sign of Uveitis Among Patients With Jia?
......Page 700
Why is the Diagnosis of Ankylosing Spondylitis Difficult to Make in Children?
......Page 701
Describe the Classic Rash of Lyme Disease.
......Page 702
What is the Effect of Aspirin Therapy on the Arthritis of Rheumatic Fever?
......Page 706
Can Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Rheumatic Fever Ever Be Discontinued?
......Page 707
What is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Sle)?
......Page 708
Describe the Neurologic Manifestations of Sle.
......Page 709
Which Laboratory Tests are Useful for Monitoring the Effectiveness of Therapy in Patients With Sle?
......Page 710
What are the Most Common Causes of Drug-induced Lupus in Children?
......Page 711
What are the Conditions That are Grouped Under the Term Pulmonary-renal Syndromes?
......Page 712
Why is the Diagnosis of Intussusception Often Difficult in Patients With Hsp?
......Page 714
In Which Rheumatic Diseases Can "cauliflower Ears" Be Seen?
......Page 715
A......Page 716
B......Page 719
C......Page 721
D......Page 725
E......Page 726
F......Page 727
G......Page 729
H......Page 730
I......Page 732
K......Page 734
L......Page 735
M......Page 736
N......Page 737
O......Page 739
P......Page 740
Q......Page 743
R......Page 744
S......Page 745
T......Page 748
U......Page 749
V......Page 750
Z......Page 751